水质监控技术 Water quality monitori

水质监控技术Waterqualitymonitoringtechnology--水质监控技术课程组WaterqualitymonitoringTechnologyCoursegroup养殖水质温度的检测与调控Detectionandcontrolofaquaculturewatertemperature《水质监控技术》课程WaterQualityMonitoringTechnologycourse水体温度的分布特点Distributioncharacteristicsofwatertemperature学习目标Learningobjective掌握水温对养殖水体水质的影响；Grasptheinfluenceofwatertemperatureonthewaterqualityofaquaculturewater;掌握水温对水产养殖动物的影响。Tounderstandtheinfluenceofwatertemperatureonaquacultureanimals.学习目标1.Learningobjective1学习目标2.Learningobjective2目录content01水温对养殖生物的间接影响Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms02水温对养殖生物的直接影响Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms1水温对养殖生物的间接影响Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms水温对养殖水体溶解氧的影响Effectofwatertemperatureondissolvedoxygeninaquaculturewater水温对养殖水体PH及氨氮的影响EffectofwatertemperatureonPHandammonianitrogenofaquaculturewater水温对养殖生物的间接影响Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms1101对溶解氧的影响

水温对养殖水体溶解氧的影响Effectofwatertemperatureondissolvedoxygeninaquaculturewater水温是影响养殖水体溶解氧高低的关键因子,当水温上升,水生生物的新陈代谢增强,呼吸加快,有机物的耗氧率明显增高,池塘等小水体就容易产生缺氧现象,尤其是夏秋季节。Watertemperatureisthekeyfactoraffectingthelevelofdissolvedoxygeninaquaculturewater.Whenthewatertemperaturerises,themetabolismofaquaticorganismsisenhanced,respirationisaccelerated,andtheoxygenconsumptionrateoforganicmatterissignificantlyincreased.Smallwaterbodiessuchaspondsarepronetohypoxia,especiallyinsummerandautumn.表1自然池塘中水温与溶解氧Table1.Watertemperatureanddissolvedoxygeninnaturalponds02对pH及氨氮的影响02EffectonpHandammonianitrogen水温对养殖水体PH及氨氮的影响EffectofwatertemperatureonPHandammonianitrogenofaquaculturewater在池水pH值小于7时,水体氨氮以NH4

+

为主;WhenthepHvalueofpoolwaterislessthan7,NH4

+

isthemainammonianitrogeninthewater;--对鱼虾无毒Non-toxictofishandshrimppH值大于11时,主要以NH3形式存在。WhenthepHvalueisgreaterthan11,itmainlyexistsintheformofNH3.

--对鱼虾有毒Toxictofishandshrimp随着水温升高，pH值呈碱性且变化无序；但氨氮总量明显升高，且水温越高，变化越显著。Withtheincreaseofwatertemperature,pHvalueisalkalineanddisordered.However,thetotalamountofammonianitrogenincreasedsignificantly,andthehigherthewatertemperature,themoresignificantthechange.表2不同水温条件下养殖水体pH值和氨氮量Table2pHvalueandammonianitrogencontentofaquaculturewaterunderdifferentwatertemperatureconditions温度temperaturePH值PHvalue氨氮量Ammonianitrogencontent水温对养殖生物的间接影响Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms112水温对养殖生物的直接影响Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms对养殖对象摄食的影响Effectsonfeedingofculturedobjects对养殖对象生长的影响Effectsonthegrowthofculturedobjects对养殖对象繁殖的影响Theeffectonbreedingobjects水温对养殖生物的直接影响Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12

水温对养殖对象摄食的影响Effectofwatertemperatureonfeedingofculturedobjects

鱼类等养殖生物是变温动物,水温只有达到其生物学上限温度才开始摄食,且在适温范围,水温与摄食量呈正比。Fishandotheraquacultureorganismsarepoikilotherms,andthewatertemperaturebeginstoeatonlywhenitreachesitsbiologicalupperlimittemperature,andintheappropriatetemperaturerange,thewatertemperatureisproportionaltothefoodintake.温度对草鱼摄食的影响Effectoftemperatureonfeedingofgrasscarp摄食饱食率(%)Rateofsatiety温度（oC）temperature表3尼罗罗非鱼在各种温度条件下的摄食量Table3FoodintakeofNiletilapiaatvarioustemperatureconditions水温Watertemperature占体重比例Proportiontobodyweight水温对养殖对象生长的影响Effectofwatertemperatureonthegrowthofculturedobjects一般在适温范围内，随温度升高，鱼类代谢加强，摄食增加，饲料利用率高，生长发育加快。Generallyinthetemperaturerange,withtheincreaseoftemperature,fishmetabolismisstrengthened,feedingisincreased,feedutilizationishigh,andgrowthanddevelopmentareaccelerated.温度对草鱼摄食的影响Effectoftemperatureonfeedingofgrasscarp平均体增重(克/天)Averagebodyweightgain(g/day)温度(oC)temperature水温对养殖生物的直接影响Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12生存耐受温度范围Survivaltolerancetemperaturerange最适生长温度Optimumgrowthtemperature生长grow低端致死温度Lowlethaltemperature高端致死温度Highlethaltemperature水温对养殖对象生长的影响Effectofwatertemperatureonthegrowthofculturedobjects种类species适宜温度(oC)Optimumtemperature低端致死温度(oC)Lowlethaltemperature高端致死温度(oC)Highlethaltemperature三文鱼Salmon12-166-723-26虹鳟Rainbowtrout10-160-422-26鲤鱼carp23-270-1031-36沟鲶Groovescatfish26-300-1035-40罗非鱼tilapia28-327-1236-42海鲈Seabass22-27232美国红鱼Redfish22-252-935斑节虾Bandedshrimp28-331335水温对养殖生物的直接影响Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12水温对养殖对象生长的影响Effectofwatertemperatureonthegrowthofculturedobjects冷水性生物：适温<15℃，鲑、虹鳟等冷水性鱼类。Coldwaterorganisms:temperature<15℃,salmon,rainbowtroutandothercoldwaterfish.温水性生物：适温15～25℃。Warmwaterorganism:suitabletemperature15~25℃.暖水性生物：适温25～35℃。如热带鱼。Warmwaterorganisms:temperature25~35℃.Liketropicalfish.种类species适宜温度(oC)Optimumtemperature低端致死温度(oC)Lowlethaltemperature高端致死温度(oC)Highlethaltemperature三文鱼Salmon12-166-723-26虹鳟Rainbowtrout10-160-422-26鲤鱼carp23-270-1031-36沟鲶Groovescatfish26-300-1035-40罗非鱼tilapia28-327-1236-42海鲈Seabass22-27232美国红鱼Redfish22-252-935斑节虾Bandedshrimp28-331335水温对养殖生物的直接影响Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12

水温对养殖对象繁殖的影响Effectofwatertemperatureonreproductionofculturedobjects水温的高低直接决定着受精卵的孵化时间,在适温范围内,水温越高孵化时间越短。

Thetemperatureofthewaterdirectlydeterminestheincubationtimeofthefertilizedeggs.Intherangeofsuitabletemperature,thehigherthewatertemperature,theshortertheincubationtime.水温对水产生物性腺的发育、成熟具有显著影响。Watertemperaturehassignificantinfluenceonthedevelopmentandmaturationofaquaticgonads.温度对鱼类繁殖的重要性还在于它是鱼类产卵的温度阈值,每种鱼在某一地区开始产卵的温度是一定的,一般低于该温度就不能产卵。Theimportanceoftemperatureforfishreproductionisalsothatitisthetemperaturethresholdforfishspawning,andthetemperatureatwhicheachfishbeginsspawninginacertainareaisacertaintemperature,generallybelowwhichitcannotspawn.由于同种鱼达到性腺成熟期的积温基本一致,因此在我国南方或温热水培育的亲鱼,持续水温高,性腺发育成熟早,就可提前产卵。Becausethesamekindoffishreachgonadalmaturitytemperatureisbasicallythesame,sotheparentfishcultivatedinthesouthofChinaorwarmwater,continuoushig