2025届湖北省部分重点中学高三上学期第一次联考英语试卷【含答案解析】

湖北省部分重点中学2025届高三第一次联考高三英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whendoesthemanhavetogettoschool?A.In50minutes.B.In30minutes.C.In20minutes.2.Whatisthehouselike?A.Itismainlymadeofwood.B.Itdoesn’thaveastudy.C.Itistoooldtolivein.3.Whydoesthewomansuggesttheygohomenow?A.Shehastogetupearly.B.Theyaren’thavingfun.C.Therestaurantisclosing.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theamountofwaterintheriver.B.Therecentweatherevents.C.Thelocalswimmingpool.5.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Understanding.B.Excited.C.Upset.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatismostlikelythewoman’sprimaryconcern?A.Themanisn’tcompletingasufficientnumberofsales.B.Themanhasapoorattitudetowardshisco-workers.C.Themanisalwayslateforwork.7.Howwillthewomanmainlysupporttheman?A.Byofferinghimabetterposition.B.Byallowinghimtowatchherdoherwork.C.Byhavinghimworkwiththebestsalesman.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whodothelittledogsbelongto?A.Thewoman’sparents.B.Thewoman’sneighbor.C.Theman’sclassmate.9.Howmanydogsdoesthemanalreadyown?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.10.Whatisthemangoingtodoafterschool?A.Seesomeanimals.B.Playbasketball.C.Takeashower.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Clothesdesignerandactor.C.Shopassistantandcustomer.12.Whatwasthemantryingtobuyatfirst?A.Food.B.Clothes.C.Flowers.13.HowwillthewomancontactCindy?A.Byemail.B.Byphone.C.Byletter.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabathroom.B.Inalivingroom.C.Inabedroom.15.Whichcountryhasnationalclothescalleda“dirndl”?A.England.B.Germany.C.Finland.16.WhatpartoftheSámidoll’ssetismissing?A.Histrousers.B.Hisshirt.C.Hishat.17.Whatarethespeakerslookingfor?A.Adress.B.Atextbook.C.Adoll.听第10段材料，回答第18至26题。18.Whatistheconcernmentionedinthetalk?A.Peoplearehavingtroubleconcentrating.B.Peoplearegettingmorebraindiseases.C.Peoplearebecomingconfusedbynewtechnology.19.Whatarepeopleprobablybetteratnowthanbefore?A.Writingshortstoriesonline.B.Understandinglongmovieswell.C.Reviewingplentyofinformationfast.20.Howhavewebsiteschangedaccordingtosomerecentstudies?A.Theyhavebecomemoreattractive.B.Theyhavebecomestranger.C.Theyhavebecomesmaller.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheJaneGoodallInstitute’s(JGI)InternationalVolunteerProgramgivesvolunteersfromalloverthewordtheopportunitytoparticipateinRoots&Shoots(R&S)programinAfrica.Currently,volunteersarebeingplacedinTanzania.Placementsoccurtwiceayear.Eachpositionrequiresaminimumcommitmentofsixmonths.Keyresponsibilities:●ManageanewpilotprojectcreatingenvironmentalplanswithR&Sschools.●Supportschool-basedenvironmentalprojects,includingcomposting,gardeningandsoilmaintenance.●MaintainadatabaseofR&Salumni(校友)andorganizealumnigatherings.Idealcandidateswill:●Possessanundergraduateorgraduateuniversitydegreeoraminimumoffouryears’workexperience.●Haveaninterestinyouthleadershipandenvironmentalservicelearning.●Becomfortabletravelingtoandworkingindependentinruralareas.●BeproficientinEnglishand/orinSwahili(斯瓦西里语).It’shelpfultobeginSwahililessonspriortoarrival.●Havegoodwritingandinterpersonalskills,alongwiththeabilitytohandlemultipleprojectssimultaneously(同时地)withahighlevelofattentiontodetail.●PriorexperiencelivingorworkinginAfricaoradevelopingcountryisaplus.●Possessavaliddriver’slicense.Travel:VolunteerswillbeexpectedtotraveltoR&Sfieldsitesonaregularbasis.Allwork-relatedtravelexpenseswillbecoveredbytheJGI.Therewillbenovacationorannualleavetimeawardedtothisposition.Fees:ThetotalfeeforthispositionisUSD7,000.A30%nonrefundabledepositisduesixweeksbeforedeparture,withtheremaining70%duetwoweeksbeforedeparture.Includedinthefee:√Accommodation√BasicSwahililanguagelessons√Localtravelandcommunication√Programtrainingandmaterials√WorkvisaHowtoapply:Clickthelinkbelowtouploadyourcoverletterandresume.Pleasenotethatduetothehighnumberofapplicationsandinquiriesonlyqualifiedapplicantswillbecontactedforaninterview.1.Accordingtothearticle,youmust________ifyouwanttoparticipateinJaneGoodall’sRoots&Shootsprogram.A.beauniversitygraduate B.beanexperienceddriverC.beabletoworkinruralareas D.haveexperienceinworkinginAfrica2.Accordingtothearticle,volunteersfortheprogramwouldbeexpectedto________.①multitaskwhilebeingdetail-oriented②learnthelocallanguage③workinTanzaniaforsixmonths④getinvolvedinsocialgatheringsA.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.①③④3.Whatcanwelearnfromthearticle?A.Thepositionisavailableeverytwoyears.BOnlyafewpeoplewillapplyfortheposition.C.Candidatescanapplythroughmultiplechannels.D.Thepositiondoesn’tincludevacationorannualleave.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了珍·古道尔研究会组织的非洲“根与芽”志愿者项目，涵盖主要职责、候选人条件、差旅、费用和申请方式等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Idealcandidateswill下第三点“Becomfortabletravelingtoandworkingindependentinruralareas.(能适应在农村地区独立出差和工作)”可知，如果你想参加这个项目，你必须能够在农村工作。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Currently,volunteersarebeingplacedinTanzania.(目前，志愿人员正在坦桑尼亚工作)”和“Eachpositionrequiresaminimumcommitmentofsixmonths.(每个职位至少需要六个月的工作时间)”、Idealcandidateswill下第四点“BeproficientinEnglishand/orinSwahili(斯瓦西里语).It’shelpfultobeginSwahililessonspriortoarrival.(精通英语和/或斯瓦西里语。在到达之前开始斯瓦希里语课程是很有帮助的)”和第五点“Havegoodwritingandinterpersonalskills,alongwiththeabilitytohandlemultipleprojectssimultaneously(同时地)withahighlevelofattentiontodetail.(有良好的写作和人际交往能力，能够同时处理多个项目，并对细节高度关注)”可知，该项目的志愿者将被要求在注重细节的同时进行多任务处理，学习当地语言，在坦桑尼亚工作六个月。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Travel部分中“Therewillbenovacationorannualleavetimeawardedtothisposition.(该职位将不提供假期或年假)”可知，这个职位不包括假期或年假。故选D项。BAsachild,MateoDeLaRochadreamedofworkingasagarbageman.Inhishomecity,trashpileswereeverywhere.Thelocalsanitationworkerwastheonlypersoncleaningupthepollution.DeLaRocha’sfamilylatermovedtotheUnitedStates.Nowasahighschoolsenior,hehasfoundauniquewaytotacklepollution:Alongwithtwofriends,heraised$11,000topluganabandonedoilwellinOhiothatwasleakinggasclosetoabarnonahorsefarm.Asmanyas3.9millionabandonedandagingoilandgaswellsarespreadacrosstheU.S.,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),andatleast126,000ofthesewellsare“orphans”.Thismeansthereisnoownerorcompanytobeheldresponsibleforthem.TheEPAestimatesthatabandonedwellscollectivelyreleased303,000tonnesofmethanein2022.That’sroughlyequivalenttotheannualcarbondioxideemissionsof23gas-burningpowerplants.AftercompletinghisAPEnvironmentalScienceclass,DeLaRocharealizedtheissueofabandonedwellswassomethingforwhichindividualscouldpotentiallymakeadifference.Hetheninvitedtwoclassmates,SebastianNgandLilaGisondi,tojoinhim.“WhenMateoapproachedmeaboutthis,Ilookedintothesemethanewellsandwhatwecoulddoaboutthem,”Ngsaid.“Itkindofflippedaswitch.”Previously,hehadfelthelplessaboutclimatechangebutwouldsimplyjokeabouttheworldending.ForGisondi,talkingwithherfriendsaboutthesemethane-emittingwellsbroughtclimatechangefromthebackofhermindtotheforefront.“ItwassomethingthatIfeltIcouldactuallyhelpwith,”shesaid.Aftermoreresearch,thetrioconnectedwithTheWellDoneFoundation(WDF),anonprofitorganizationspecializinginpluggingorphanedwells.TheorganizationwasfoundedbyCurtisShuck,aveteranoftheoilandgasindustry.Since2019,hisorganizationhassurveyedmorethan1,700abandonedwellsnationwideandplugged44ofwhattheyidentifiedasthemostproblematicones.OnMay23,contractorspouredthecementtoplugtheorphanedwellinOhio.Withtheinitialsuccess,DeLaRocha,NgandGisondiarenowmoreconfidentaboutthefutureoftheircause.4.WhatinspiredDeLaRocha’sinterestinenvironmentalissuesinitially?A.TheWellDoneFoundation’swork. B.HisAPEnvironmentalScienceclass.C.Thepollutionandlackofhelptoaddressinhometown. D.Hisfamily’smovetoAmerica.5.Pluggingabandonedoilwellscanhelptofightclimatechangebecauseit____________.AstopsmethanefromleakingintotheatmosphereB.preventspollutionofnearbyfarmsC.helpsreducecarbondioxideemissionsD.encouragesoilcompaniestomanagetheirwellsresponsibly6.Del.aRocha’sproposalmadehisfriendsfeel____________.A.disappointedwithenvironmentalorganizationsB.uncertainabouttheirabilitytomakeadifferenceC.motivatedtocontinuetheirenvironmentalstudiesD.confidentabouttheirpersonalimpactonclimatechange7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.DeLaRocha’schildhooddream.B.Threeteens’uniquesolutiontoclimatechange.C.TheimpactofU.S.environmentalorganizations.D.Oilcompanies’approachtomanagingabandonedoilwells.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个青少年通过废弃的油井来应对环境污染问题。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Asachild,MateoDeLaRochadreamedofworkingasagarbageman.Inhishomecity,trashpileswereeverywhere.Thelocalsanitationworkerwastheonlypersoncleaningupthepollution.(马特奥·德拉·罗查小时候梦想成为一名清洁工。在他的家乡，到处都是垃圾堆。当地的环卫工人是唯一清理污染的人)”可知，家乡的污染和缺乏帮助激发了德拉·罗查对环境问题的兴趣。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Nowasahighschoolsenior,hehasfoundauniquewaytotacklepollution:Alongwithtwofriends,heraised$11,000topluganabandonedoilwellinOhiothatwasleakinggasclosetoabarnonahorsefarm.(现在，作为一名高中毕业生，他找到了一种独特的方法来解决污染问题：他和两个朋友一起筹集了1.1万美元，用于封堵俄亥俄州一个马场谷仓附近的一座废弃油井，该油井正在泄漏天然气)”可知，堵住废弃的油井可以帮助应对气候变化，因为它可以阻止甲烷泄漏到大气中。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Withtheinitialsuccess,DeLaRocha,NgandGisondiarenowmoreconfidentaboutthefutureoftheircause.(有了最初的成功，德拉罗查、吴恩达和吉松迪现在对他们事业的未来更有信心了)”可知，他的提议让他的朋友们对自己对气候变化的影响充满信心。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“AftercompletinghisAPEnvironmentalScienceclass,DeLaRocharealizedtheissueofabandonedwellswassomethingforwhichindividualscouldpotentiallymakeadifference.Hetheninvitedtwoclassmates,SebastianNgandLilaGisondi,tojoinhim.(在完成AP环境科学课程后，DeLaRocha意识到废弃井的问题是一个个人可以发挥作用的问题。然后，他邀请了两位同学SebastianNg和LilaGisondi加入他的行列)”可知，文章主要介绍了三个青少年对气候变化的独特解决方案。故选B。CAtamuseuminVietnam,LenaBui’sfilmWhereBirdsDanceTheirLastreflectedonthevulnerabilityofVietnamesefeatherfarmsafterBirdFlu.DuringafestivalinRwanda,EllenReid’saudioexperienceSoundwalkwassharedinahopefuldiscussionaboutmusicandmentalhealth.Overtheyears,Ihavebeenworkingattheintersectionofscientificresearchandtheartstosupportscienceinsolvingglobalhealthchallenges.Scienceisn’ttheonlykeytoaddressingtheseissues.Toachieveitspotentialandreachallwhocouldbenefit,sciencedependsontrustandgoodrelationships.Peoplemightnotalwaysseescienceasrelevant,trustworthyormeaningfultotheirlives.Therearereasonswhysomeseescienceashavingachequeredpast,fromnuclearweaponstoeugenics,andarethereforeuninterestedin,orsuspiciousof,whatitproposes.Scienceispowerfultobuilduponandtestanevidencebase,butresearchersandfundershaven’tbeenasgoodatensuringthisevidencebaserespondstotheneedsandinterestsofdiversecommunities,orinformspolicymakerstotakeaction.Sciencemightbeperceivedasdistancingitselffromthepersonal,thepoeticandthepolitical,yetitisthesequalitiesthatcanbemostinfluential—whenitcomestopublicinterestinatopicorhowagovernmentprioritizesadecision.Amovingstorywelltoldcanbemorememorablethanalistoffacts.Thisiswheretheartscomein.Artistsgiveusdifferentperspectiveswithwhichtoconsiderandreimaginetheworldtogether.Theycanredresstheproclaimedobjectivityinsciencebybringingstories—subjectivities—intothepicture,andthesecanhelpfoster,asenseofconnectionandhope.In2012,Isetupartistresidenciesinmedicalresearchcentresaroundtheworld.ButIwasattachedtoClinicalResearchUnitinVietnam.Theheadoftheresearchteamwasdelighted,findingthatasaVietnameseartist,ButIhadlicensetobein,andtoshareusefulinsightsfromvillageswhereinfectiousdiseaseresearchersweren’twelcome.Sixyearslater,IledWellcome’sContagiousCitiesprogram,whichestablishedartistresidenciesworldwidetosupportlocallyledexplorationsofepidemicpreparedness.Withpandemic,climateandmentalhealthcrisesuponus,neverhastherebeenmoreneedtobuildandnurturehopefulandimaginativespacestogrowhumanconnectionandsharedpurposeforthecommongood.Scienceandtheartscanworkhandinglovetoachievethis.8.TheauthorliststwoworksinParagraph1mainlyto.A.showthatsciencecanbepromotedinartformsB.provehiscompetenceinbothscienceandartC.revealthegapbetweenscienceandartD.introducesuccessfulscience-relatedartworks9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chequered”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Usualandunusual. B.Recentandremote.C.Goodandbad. D.Peacefulandscary.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragree?A.Policy-makersbasetheirdecisionsonscience.B.Researcherspopularizescienceeffectively.C.Scienceiswellreceivedamongthepublic.D.Scienceandtheartshelppeoplebuildconnectionsjointly.11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhereDoScienceandtheArtsMeet? B.TheValueoftheArtstoScienceC.ANewWaytoFightPandemic—theArts D.WhichMattersMore,ScienceortheArts?【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者认为科学可以通过艺术形式得到推广，解释了艺术和科学之间的关系和联系。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“AtamuseuminVietnam,LenaBui’sfilmWhereBirdsDanceTheirLastreflectedonthevulnerabilityofVietnamesefeatherfarmsafterBirdFlu.DuringafestivalinRwanda,EllenReid’saudioexperienceSoundwalkwassharedinahopefuldiscussionaboutmusicandmentalhealth.Overtheyears,Ihavebeenworkingattheintersectionofscientificresearchandtheartstosupportscienceinsolvingglobalhealthchallenges.(在越南的一个博物馆里，LenaBui的电影《鸟儿跳舞的最后一刻》反映了禽流感后越南羽毛农场的脆弱性。在卢旺达的一个节日里，EllenReid的音频体验Soundwalk在一个关于音乐和心理健康的充满希望的讨论中被分享。多年来，我一直在科学研究和艺术的交叉点工作，以支持科学解决全球卫生挑战)”可知，作者在第一段中列举了两部作品，主要是为了表明科学可以通过艺术形式得到推广。故选A。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“fromnuclearweaponstoeugenics,andarethereforeuninterestedin,orsuspiciousof,whatitproposes(从核武器到优生学，有些人认为科学有着chequered的过去，因此对它提出的东西不感兴趣或持怀疑态度，这是有原因的)”可知，后文提到因为核武器和优生学等话题，科学有着好的和坏的过去，因此对它提出的东西不感兴趣或持怀疑态度，这是有原因的。由此可知，划线词chequered意思是“好的和坏的”。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Amovingstorywelltoldcanbemorememorablethanalistoffacts.Thisiswheretheartscomein.Artistsgiveusdifferentperspectiveswithwhichtoconsiderandreimaginetheworldtogether.Theycanredresstheproclaimedobjectivityinsciencebybringingstories—subjectivities—intothepicture,andthesecanhelpfoster,asenseofconnectionandhope.(一个感人的故事讲得好比一串事实更令人难忘。这就是艺术发挥作用的地方。艺术家为我们提供了不同的视角，让我们一起思考和重新想象这个世界。他们可以通过将故事——主观性——带入画面来纠正科学中宣称的客观性，这些可以帮助培养一种联系感和希望)”可知，作者认为科学和艺术共同帮助人们建立联系。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Withpandemic,climateandmentalhealthcrisesuponus,neverhastherebeenmoreneedtobuildandnurturehopefulandimaginativespacestogrowhumanconnectionandsharedpurposeforthecommongood.Scienceandtheartscanworkhandinglovetoachievethis.(面对流行病、气候和心理健康危机，我们从来没有像现在这样需要建立和培育充满希望和想象力的空间，以加强人与人之间的联系，实现共同利益的共同目标。科学和艺术可以携手合作来实现这一目标)”可知，文章主要说明了作者认为科学可以通过艺术形式得到推广，解释了艺术和科学之间的关系和联系。由此可知，B选项“艺术对科学的价值”最符合文章标题。故选B。DItisimpossibletocatchupwithlight.Lighttravelsat300millionmetreseverysecond,butifyouchasedafteritat299millionm/s,itwouldstillbeleavingyouat300millionm/s,notatthe1millionm/s(strictlyspeaking,thelightshouldbetravellingthoughemptyspace).Thatcrazy-soundingideaisthebedrockofAlbertEinstein'sSpecialTheoryofRelativity.TheimplicationsofEinstein'sideaareenormous.Forexample,itmeanstimedoesnotpassatasteadyrateacrosstheUniverseanditbecomespossibleforpeopletoageatdifferentratesdependingonwheretheyareandwhattheyaredoing.“Twinparadox”isanexample,whereanastronautdepartsfromEarth,leavinghertwinbrotherbehind.Shezipsaroundinhersuper-fastspaceshipandthenlandsbackonEarthayearlater,onlytofindthatherbrotherisnowanoldman.ThisisthekindofweirdnessthatmustbetrueifEinsteinisright—thoughwearen'tawareofitbecausewecan'tziparoundfastenough,andsoaretrickedintothinkingtimeismoreconstantthanitactuallyis.Thefactthatamovingclockdoesnotgoaslastasanunmovingoneisquiteeasytodemonstrate.First,imagineaclockmadefromtwoparallelmirrors,betweenwhichaphoton(光子)bouncesbackandforth.Imagineyouhaveoneoftheseclocksinyourhand,andthatyoucanwatchthephotonasitgoesupanddown,countingthebouncesasawayofmeasuringtime.Nowimagineafriendalsohasoneoftheseclocks,butshe’smovinghorizontally.Fromyourpointofview,herphotontracesouttwosidesofatriangleasitbouncesfromonemirrortotheotherandbackagain,travellingfurtherduringeachroundtripthanthephotoninyourclock.Herecomestheweirdbit.AccordingtoEinstein,thelightbouncinginyourfriend’sclockistravellingatthesamespeedasthelightinyourclock,thelightinyourfriend’sclockmusttakelongertobouncebetweenthemirrors.Inotherwords,yourfriend’sclockisrunningslowerthanyours.Thisconclusionmightsoundlikeaspecialfeatureoflightclocks.Butitisn’t.Itisafeatureofallclocks.Tounderstandwhy,weneedtointroduceEinstein’ssecondcrucialidea---anideafirstintroducedbyGalileoGalileiintheearly1600s.12.WhichofthefollowingisthefoundationofSpecialTheoryofRelativity?A.Wecangoalmostasfastaslight. B.Wecanreachthespeedof299millionm/s.C.Lightmovesthroughemptyspace. D.Lighttravelsatafixedspeed.13.Whatdoestheexampleofthe‘twinparadox’illustrate?A.Peoplecouldageatdifferentrates. B.Wecan’tziparoundfastenough.C.Twinsdon’talwayslooksimilar. D.Einstein’sideaisweird.14.Whatdoesthedescriptionofthetwoclocksinparagraph4demonstrate?A.Timeisnotconstant B.ClocksmeasuretimeC.Photonsbouncearound D.Parallelmirrorsdon’texist15.Whatismostlikelytobedealtwithinthefollowingparagraph?A.GalileoGalilei’slifestory. B.Thespecialfeatureofclocks.C.AnotherideaofEinstein’s. D.Eventsthathappenedinthe1600s.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爱因斯坦狭义相对论基础。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itisimpossibletocatchupwithlight.Lighttravelsat300millionmetreseverysecond,butifyouchasedafteritat299millionm/s,itwouldstillbeleavingyouat300millionm/s,notatthe1millionm/s(strictlyspeaking,thelightshouldbetravellingthoughemptyspace).Thatcrazy-soundingideaisthebedrockofAlbertEinstein'sSpecialTheoryofRelativity.(要赶上光是不可能的。光以每秒3亿米的速度传播，但如果你以每秒2.99亿米的速度追逐它，它留给你的仍然是每秒3亿米，而不是每秒100万米（严格来说，光应该是在真空中传播的）。这个听起来很疯狂的想法是爱因斯坦狭义相对论的基础)”可知，爱因斯坦狭义相对论的基础是光始终以每秒3亿米的速度传播，即它的速度是固定的。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的句子““Twinparadox”isanexample,whereanastronautdepartsfromEarth,leavinghertwinbrotherbehind.Shezipsaroundinhersuper-fastspaceshipandthenlandsbackonEarthayearlater,onlytofindthatherbrotherisnowanoldman.(“双胞胎悖论”就是一个例子，一个宇航员离开地球，留下了她的双胞胎兄弟。她坐着她的超级快的宇宙飞船，然后在一年后回到地球，却发现她的哥哥现在已经是一个老人了)”可知，“双胞胎悖论”的例子说明了人们可能以不同的速度变老。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“ThisisthekindofweirdnessthatmustbetrueifEinsteinisright—thoughwearen'tawareofitbecausewecan'tziparoundfastenough,andsoaretrickedintothinkingtimeismoreconstantthanitactuallyis.(如果爱因斯坦是正确的，这种奇怪的现象一定是正确的——尽管我们没有意识到这一点，因为我们无法足够快地穿梭，因此误以为时间比实际的时间更恒定)”可知，第四段两个钟的例子是为了证明上文的观点：我们误以为时间比实际上更恒定，即时间不是永恒的。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thisconclusionmightsoundlikeaspecialfeatureoflightclocks.Butitisn’t.Itisafeatureofallclocks.Tounderstandwhy,weneedtointroduceEinstein’ssecondcrucialidea—anideafirstintroducedbyGalileoGalileiintheearly1600s.(这个结论听起来像是光钟的一个特殊特性。但事实并非如此。这是所有时钟的特点。要理解为什么，我们需要介绍爱因斯坦的第二个重要观点——这个观点是由伽利略在17世纪初首次提出的)”可推知，在下一段中，作者会介绍爱因斯坦的另一个观点。故选C项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyinteractionsthesedayshaveakindofbumpercar(碰碰车)qualitytous.______16______Howoftendoweactuallytaketheextrafewsecondstogetasenseofwhat’sinsideotherpeople—especiallytheirgoodqualities?Infact,seeingthegoodinothersisthusasimplebutverypowerfulwaytofeelhappierandmoreconfident,andbecomemorelovingandmoreproductiveintheworld.How?●Slowdown.—______17______Trytospendafewmomentsbeingcuriousaboutthegoodqualitiesintheotherperson.Youareopeningyoureyes,takingoffthesmog-coloredglassesofthenegativitybias,andseeingwhatthefactsreallyare.●______18______—Recently,Iwasatthedentist’s,andherassistanttoldmealongstorytoputmeatease.Ididn’tfeelinterested,butInoticedherunderlyingaims.Trytoseebenevolenceofpeoplearoundyou.Inparticular,sensethelongingtobehappyintheheartofeveryperson.●Seeabilities.—InmyfirstyearatUCLA,Igaveintramuraltouchfootballatry.Inonepractice,ourgreatquarterbacktoldmeinpassing,“You’regood,andI’mgoingtothrowtoyou.”Iwasfloored.Hehadnoideaofitsimpact,yetitwasamajorboosttomysenseofworth.______19______●Recognizethatthegoodyouseeinothersisalsoinyou.Youcouldn’tseethatgoodifyoudidnothaveanideaofwhatitwas.You,too,havepositiveintentions,realabilities,andvirtuesofmindandheart.Thosequalitiesareafact.______20______Youdon’tneedahalotobeatrulygoodperson.Youareatrulygoodperson.A.Seepositivecharactertraits.B.Inthesameway,unseenripplesspreadwhenweseeothers’capacity.C.Takeamomenttoletthatfactsinkin.D.Stepoutofthebumpercar.E.Takeamomenttoobservegoodqualitiesinothers.F.Seepositiveintentions.G.Webounceoffofeachotherandmoveon.【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.B20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些看到他人身上的优点的方法。【16题详解】前文“Manyinteractionsthesedayshaveakindofbumpercar(碰碰车)qualitytous.(如今的许多互动对我们来说都有一种碰碰车的性质)”提到很多互动像碰碰车，因此G项“Webounceoffofeachotherandmoveon.(我们互相碰撞，然后继续前进)”符合语境，解释相似之处在哪里，承接前文，其中的bounce和前文的bumper-car呼应。故选G。【17题详解】前文“Slowdown.(慢下来)”表明第一步是慢下来，后文“Trytospendafewmomentsbeingcuriousaboutthegoodqualitiesintheotherperson.Youareopeningyoureyes,takingoffthesmog-coloredglassesofthenegativitybias,andseeingwhatthefactsreallyare.(试着花一些时间去好奇对方身上的优点。你正在睁开眼睛，摘掉消极偏见的烟雾色眼镜，看到事实的真相)”建议去探究他人的优点，用摘眼镜的比喻指出这样做的好处，因此D项“Stepoutofthebumpercar.(从碰碰车里出来)”符合语境，指出要从互动中抽离，承前启后，其中的bumpercar呼应后文的smog-coloredglasses。故选D。【18题详解】空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段首句一样使用祈使句的形式。后文“Recently,Iwasatthedentist’s,andherassistanttoldmealongstorytoputmeatease.Ididn’tfeelinterested,butInoticedherunderlyingaims.Trytoseebenevolenceofpeoplearoundyou.Inparticular,sensethelongingtobehappyintheheartofeveryperson.(最近，我去看牙医，她的助手给我讲了一个很长的故事，让我放松下来。我不感兴趣，但我注意到了她潜在的目的。试着看到你周围人的善良。尤其是感受每个人心中对幸福的渴望)”通过作者看牙医的经历，提出要注意到他人的善良和对幸福的渴望，因此F项“Seepositiveintentions.(看到积极的意图)”符合语境，指出要注意到积极的意图，契合段落内容。故选F。【19题详解】前文“Inonepractice,ourgreatquarterbacktoldmeinpassing,“You’regood,andI’mgoingtothrowtoyou.”Iwasfloored.Hehadnoideaofitsimpact,yetitwasamajorboosttomysenseofworth.(在一次训练中，我们优秀的四分卫在传球时对我说：“你很棒，我要把球传给你。”我惊呆了。他不知道它的影响，但它极大地激发了我的价值感)”提到四分卫对作者能力的肯定对他影响很大，激发了作者的价值感，因此B项“Inthesameway,unseenripplesspreadwhenweseeothers’capacity.(同样，当我们看到别人的能力时，看不见的涟漪就会蔓延开来)”符合语境，指出注意到别人的能力有潜在的巨大影响，承接前文。故选B。【20题详解】前文“You,too,havepositiveintentions,realabilities,andvirtuesofmindandheart.Thosequalitiesareafact.(你也有积极的意图，真正的能力，以及思想和心灵的美德。这些品质是事实)”指出要意识到自己身上的美好，因此C项“Takeamomenttoletthatfactsinkin.(花点时间让这个事实逐渐被接受)”符合语境，提到慢慢接受自己很美好的事实，承接前文，其中的fact在前一句中有同词复现。故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)JamesonLobb,a24-year-oldinvestmentbankerandhiscollegebuddy,anartificialintelligenceengineernamedRaphaelJafriweresqueezinginalunchtimeworkoutoverlookingtheEastRiver,whenLobbfroze.“Somebody’sinthewater,”hesaid.BeforeJafricould____21____,Lobbclimbedovertherailattheedgeofthebankand____22____intothecoldwaterwithouttakingthetimetoremovehisshoes.WhatLobbhadseenthenwasapersonfloating,____23____.Jafrididn’tneedtoseethevictim.Hejust____24____hisshoesquicklyandswan-dived.Approachingtheunconsciousvictim,Lobbsawthatitwasamiddle-agedman.Hewasbig,around200pounds,respectablydressedand____25____fast.Therescuerdived,feltaround,graspedthemanandkickedupwarduntiltheyboth____26____.Jafriwastherenow.Treadingwater,thetwofriendsfloatedthemanonhisback.AsJafriloopedhisarmsaroundtheman’sshouldersandLobb____27____thehipsandknees,thepairundertooktheslogbacktothebank.Theirlungsheavedandtheirmuscles____28____astheypushedandpulledtheimmobilefigurethroughthebrisk,churningwater.Theymighthavebeenhaulingacorpse.Theman’sskinwasblue,andneitherJafrinorLobb____29____anybreathing.Suddenlythemanstirredbreathingagain,and_____30_____backtonearunconsciousness.Bothmen,_____31_____exhaustedfrom15-plusminutesinthewater—watchedasrescueworkersloadedthenearlydrownedmanintoanambulanceand_____32_____.LobbandJafrineverlearnedwhohewas,whatbecameofhimorhowhe’dfallenintotheriver.Inp