2024届湖南省益阳市高三下学期三模考试英语试题（含答案解析）

益阳市2024届高三4月教学质量检测英语(全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakersdoingnow?A.Discussingapainting.B.Admiringaview.C.Doingabreathexercise.2.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Inarestaurant.B.Ontheplane.C.Intheclassroom.3.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Shelookssopretty.B.Sheisalittlelazy.C.Sheistoonervous.4.Whatdoesthemanintendtodo?A.Startanewjob.B.Builduphisvocabulary.C.Finishapracticebook.5.InwhichcountryisitOKtoshowuplate?A.Italy.B.Switzerland.C.Germany.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatisthefictionAnotherRealityabout?A.Kids’discovery.B.Arespectfulscientist.C.Spacetravel.7.Whatistheauthorfamousfor?A.Humorouslanguage.B.Complexideas.C.Movingstories.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatisthematterwiththecar?A.Itismakinganoise.B.Itisrunningoutofgas.C.Itsradiodoesn’twork.9.Whydidthemansuggeststoppingatthegasstation?A.Torefuelthecar.B.Toaskfordirections.C.Tocheckhiscar.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatintereststhemanmost?A.Chinesehistory.B.Chineseopera.C.Chinesemusic.11.WhydoesthemanlearnChinesepoetryandnovels?A.Todevelopanewinterest.B.Totakepartinacompetition.C.Togetabetterunderstanding.12.WhatimpressesthemanaboutChineseliterature?A.Imagination.B.Language.C.Development.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutplayingagame?A.Stressed.B.Curious.C.Relaxed.14.Whatsportdoesthewomanmostliketowatch?A.Football.B.Basketball.C.Icehockey.15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Dosomesports.B.Watchmorematches.C.Makenewfriends.16.Whydoesthemansuggestjoiningagym?A.Itiseasiertostart.B.Itneedsmoreskills.C.Itiscompetitive.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakermostprobably?A.Adoctor.B.Anengineer.C.Aguide.18.Whatfeelspainifonehasaheadache?A.Themuscle.B.Theblood.C.Thebrain.19.Howmuchoftheenergydoesthebrainoftenneedtosupportakid’sgrowth?A.About3%.B.Lessthan30%.C.Nearly50%.20.Whycansomeblindpeople“see”throughtheirears?A.Theirbraincanchangeeyesintoears.B.Theirbraincanrewireitselfforsounds.C.Theirbraincanhelpearstogetsimpleimages.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASpainisacountrythatcontinuestosurpriseandletustellyouit’snotallsunbathingandshopping!We’reoutliningourtop3reasonstodiscoverSpainalongwithourholidaysuggestionstohelpyoumakeupyourmind.StunningsceneryFromthedramatic,imposingmountainstothecountlessglisteningbeachesthatdotitscoastlines,Spainisacountryfullofnaturalbeautyandinspiringlandscapes.Ifbreath-takingviewsanduniquescenerycapturesyourattentionthenourtopsuggestionistoexperienceaholidaytoTenerifewhereyoucanenjoytheinspiringitsvolcanicviewsandpanoramicscenery.ThelargestoftheCanaryIslands,justsouthofSpain,Tenerifehasarugged,volcaniclandscapeaswellasover200milesofcoastlineboastingahugevarietyoffloraandfauna.BeautifulbeachesDidyouknowthatSpainhasover5,000milesofcoastlineandthousandsofbeaches?Whereveryougo,youareneverfarfromabeach.Fromundiscovered,hiddenalcovestopopulartouristresorts,there’sabeachforeveryoneandwithover300daysofsunshineeachyearyou’reguaranteedtheweathertoenjoythem!Thisbeautifulcountryalsohasthemostblueflagbeachesintheworldsonowyou’venoexcuse!Withthousandsofbeachestochoosefrom,wherewillyougo?FabulousfoodFormanypeople,oneofthehighlightsofSpainis,ofcourse,theamazingfoodonoffer.Thecountry’svibrantcitiesofferupMichelin-starredrestaurantsandlivelytapasbars,whilesmall-towncafésandrestaurantsofferuptraditionaldishessuchaspaella,seafoodstew,andchorizo,madewithlovefromfamilyrecipes.Spanishcuisineisknownforbeingdelicious,healthy,andfullofflavour,sotherearemanyuniquedishesavailablethatwilltemptyourtastebuds.Ifwe’vemadeyouhungry,thenyoushouldtakeaholidaytoCostaBrava,aSpanishfoodiedestinationthatshouldnotbemissed!1.WhatisthetopsuggestionforexperiencingstunningsceneryinSpain?A.ThebeachesofCostaBrava.B.Themountainsinthenorthernregion.C.AholidaytoTenerife.D.Thehiddenalcovesalongthecoastline.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthespecialtyinSpain?A.Conventionalcuisinesandtrendybars.B.Volcanicviewsandcountlesscoastlines.C.Sufficientsunshineandstrikingbeaches.D.Marinecreaturesandmouthwateringseafood.3.Whatpurposedoestheauthorwritethepassagefor?A.Toinform. B.Toreport. C.Toreview. D.Toentertain.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了去西班牙旅行的三个理由。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ifbreath-takingviewsanduniquescenerycapturesyourattentionthenourtopsuggestionistoexperienceaholidaytoTenerifewhereyoucanenjoytheinspiringitsvolcanicviewsandpanoramicscenery.(如果令人屏息的美景和独特的风景能吸引您的注意，那么我们的顶级推荐是去体验一次特内里费岛的假期，在那里您可以欣赏到令人振奋的火山景观和全景风光。)”可知，在西班牙欣赏壮丽风景的最佳建议是前往特内里费度假，故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Formanypeople,oneofthehighlightsofSpainis,ofcourse,theamazingfoodonoffer.Thecountry’svibrantcitiesofferupMichelin-starredrestaurantsandlivelytapasbars,whilesmall-towncafésandrestaurantsofferuptraditionaldishessuchaspaella,seafoodstew,andchorizo,madewithlovefromfamilyrecipes.(对许多人来说，西班牙的亮点之一当然是提供的令人惊叹的食物。这个国家充满活力的城市提供米其林星级餐厅和热闹的小吃吧，而小城镇的咖啡馆和餐馆提供传统的菜肴，如海鲜饭，海鲜炖菜和西班牙辣香肠，用家庭食谱的爱制作)”及上文内容可知，文章提到了海鲜，但是没有提到海洋生物是西班牙的特产。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Spainisacountrythatcontinuestosurpriseandletustellyouit’snotallsunbathingandshopping!We’reoutliningourtop3reasonstodiscoverSpainalongwithourholidaysuggestionstohelpyoumakeupyourmind(西班牙是一个不断带来惊喜的国家，让我们告诉你，这里不仅仅是晒太阳和购物！我们将列出发现西班牙的前三个理由，并提供我们的假期建议，帮助你做出决定)”可知本文介绍了去西班牙旅行的三个理由，可推理出本文的写作目的是要告知读者关于西班牙旅行的信息，故选A。BCollegeprofessorsthesedaysfaceanever-higherbartograbtheattentionoftheirstudents,forcedtocompetewiththestimuliofsmartphonesandlaptopsinlargelecturehalls.Butwhenyourprofessorisasocialmediastar,it’salittlebiteasier.TatianaErukhimova,whoteachesphysicsatTexasA&MUniversity,hasmanagedtogetherstudents,aswellasfuturegenerations,excitedaboutthescience.Knownas“Dr.Tatiana”toherstudentsandonlinefanbase,theprofessorperformsphysicstrickswithboundlessenergyandenthusiasm.VideosofhertheatricaldemonstrationshaverackeduphundredsofmillionsofviewsacrossTikTokandothersocialmediaplatforms.Inthekid-friendlyvideos,Erukhimovausesarangeofeverydayobjectsinherexperiments,frompingpongballsandtoiletpapertomarshmallows,bicyclewheelsandhairdryers.Shecreditstheuniversitymarketingteam’svideosofherlessonsforhersocialmediasuccess.“Thisisjustoneofourwaystoconnectwithpeopletomakephysicsaccessibletopeople,”shetellsNPR.Aspartofthephysicsdepartment’sextensiveoutreachprogram,shealsoputsonshowsalmosteveryweekteachingphysicstoK-12students.“Thesoonerkidsaretaughtphysicsandtaughtitwell,thebetter,”shesays.It’sclearsheknowswhatittakestogetyoungpeopleexcitedaboutahardscience.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassesalmosttwodecadesago,shesaysshestruggledtograbtheattentionofheryoungerstudents.Shewasusedtoteachingjuniors,asshehadforafewyearspriortothat.Butwhenitcomestoteachingalargelecturehallof100-plusfirst-yearstudents,firstimpressionsaremakeorbreak.“Ididnotgrabtheirattentiononthefirstday—thatwasmymistake,”shesays.“Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginning,andthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice.”Bythesecondsemester,shefoundherfooting,tweakingherapproachtomakeherlecturehallsfeelsmaller,andgetherstudentsengaged.Thekey,shesays,hasbeentomakeherselfapproachableandherinstructionpersonal.4.Whatisthemainchallengefacedbycollegeprofessorsinlargelecturehalls?A.Competitionwithsmartphonesandlaptops.B.Limitedresourcesfor·teachingmaterials.C.Inadequatesupportfromtheuniversity.D.Lackofinterestfromstudents.5.WhatroledoestheuniversitymarketingteamplayinTatianaErukhimova’ssocialmediasuccess?A.Encouragingstudentstousesocialmedia.BCreatingTikTokaccountsforprofessors.C.Producingvideosofherphysicslessons.D.Promotingweeklyteachingprogram.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningErukhimova’sjuniorstudentsinParagraph4?A.Toreviewherteachingplans.B.Toshowanapplicationofheridea.C.Tohighlightthedifferencesofteaching.DToerasedoubtsaboutherapproaches.7.WhatlessondidTatianaErukhimovalearnwhensheinitiallystartedteachingcollegefreshman?A.Theimportanceofestablishingapersonalconnectionwithstudents.B.Thesignificanceoffocusingonjunior-levelstudents.C.Theeffectivenessoftraditionalteachingmethods.D.Theneedforadvancedteachingmaterials.【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了大学物理教授TatianaEnukhimova通过社交媒体激发学生对科学的热情，强调教学的亲和力与个性化。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Collegeprofessorsthesedaysfaceanever-higherbartograbtheattentionoftheirstudents,forcedtocompetewiththestimuliofsmartphonesandlaptopsinlargelecturehalls.(如今，大学教授在吸引学生注意力方面面临着越来越高的门槛，他们被迫在大型演讲厅与智能手机和笔记本电脑的刺激竞争。)”可知，大学教授在大型演讲厅面临的主要挑战是与智能手机和笔记本电脑的竞争。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Shecreditstheuniversitymarketingteam’svideosofherlessonsforhersocialmediasuccess.(她将自己在社交媒体上的成功归功于大学营销团队的课程视频。)”可知，她把她社交媒体的成功归功于大学营销团队对于她课程视频的录制。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“It’sclearsheknowswhatittakestogetyoungpeopleexcitedaboutahardscience.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassesalmosttwodecadesago,shesaysshestruggledtograbtheattentionofheryoungerstudents.Shewasusedtoteachingjuniors,asshehadforafewyearspriortothat.Butwhenitcomestoteachingalargelecturehallof100-plusfirst-yearstudents,firstimpressionsaremakeorbreak.(很明显，她知道如何让年轻人对一门困难的科学感到兴奋。但事实并非总是如此。她说，大约20年前，当她第一次开始教授大学新生时，她很难吸引年轻学生的注意力。在那之前的几年里，她一直习惯于教大三学生。但当谈到在一个由100多名一年级学生组成的大型演讲厅教学时，第一印象是成败攸关的。)”可推知，作者在第四段中提到Erukhimova的低年级学生的目的是突出教学的差异。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginningandthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice.(我从一开始就错过了与他们建立联系的机会，后来我花了一段时间才找到自己的声音。)”可推知，TatianaErukhimova刚开始教大学新生时，她学到了与学生建立个人联系的重要性。故选A。CTheoilandgasindustrymaybeemittingaboutthree-timestheamountofclimate-warmingmethanethangovernmentestimatesshow,accordingtoanewstudyfromStanfordUniversity,LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryandotherorganizationsinNature.Methane(甲烷)isthemaincomponentofnaturalgasandamongthegreenhousegasesheatingtheplanet,whichisproducedwhenextractingcrudeoil.Specificmeasurementsvariedfromalowoflessthan1%,oraboutwhattheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyestimates,atasiteinPennsylvaniatoahighofnearly10%inNewMexico.Researchersfoundthehigherpercentagesofmethanereleasedgenerallyhadsomethingincommon.“Theseareplaceswhereproductionismostlyfocusingonoil,”saysEvanSherwin,aresearchscientistatLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratorywhoconductedtheresearchasapostdoctoralresearcheratStanfordUniversity.Butoilandgasoftencomeoutofthegroundtogether,andiftherewasn’tawaytotransporttheless-valuablegastowhereitcouldbesold,leakswerehigher.InPennsylvania,bycontrast,drillersarefocusedonproducingnaturalgas,andthere,verylittleofthemethanewaswasted.Thatcomplicatesanargumentmanyintheindustryhavemade,generallyinoppositiontotightergovernmentregulationsonmethane.Theysaydrillershavetheincentivetocapturegasleakssotheycansellthefossilfuel.Butthat’snotalwayspossible,ifindustryhasn’tbuiltthepipelinesandotherinfrastructuretogetthegastoconsumers.Inthisstudy,researchersestimatetheindustryreleasesabout6.2milliontonsofmethaneayear,valuedat$1.08billion.“Emissionsofmethanefromfossilfueloperationsremainunacceptablyhigh,”saidTimGould,chiefeconomistattheInternationalEnergyAgency,duringaTuesdaycallwithreporters.Theorganization’sGlobalMethaneTrackershowsmethanefromtheenergysectorwasneartherecordhighlevelin2023.Despitethat,theIEAconcludesthatifcountriesfullyimplementexistingpledgesonmethanereductions,thatwouldmakesignificantprogresstowardachievingglobalclimategoals.“2024couldmarkaturningpointandpoliciesarestartingtobeputintoplace.Greatertransparencyiscoming.Awarenessisspreadingandwehaveenhancedabilitytotracklargeleaksandactquicklytoshutthemdown,”Gouldsaid.Gouldsaidhehopestohavegoodnewstoshare,aboutareductioninmethaneemissions,nextyear.8.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.Variousmeasuresaretakentorestrictthereleaseofmethane.B.Thelowvalueofthegasinpartleadstothehighleakofthemethane.C.Themorefocusedontheproductionofthegas,thehigherthemethanereleaseD.Thepercentageofmethaneindevelopingcountriesishigherthanindevelopedcountries9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inparagraph3mean?A.Equipment. B.Productivity. C.Drive. D.Assessment.10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Caution:Methaneemissiongivesrisetoseriousglobalwarming.B.Methaneemissions:Oilandgasindustry’shiddenimpact.C.Measurestakentocutbackonmethaneemissions.D.Methaneistoblamefortheclimatechange.11.WhatisTimGould’sattitudetowardemissionsofmethaneatpresent?A.Critical. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了甲烷气体的泄露及采取应对措施的迫切性。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Butoilandgasoftencomeoutofthegroundtogether,andiftherewasn’tawaytotransporttheless-valuablegastowhereitcouldbesold,leakswerehigher.(但石油和天然气往往是一起开采出来的，如果没有办法将价值较低的天然气运输到可以出售的地方，泄漏就会更高)”可知，天然气的低价值导致甲烷的高泄漏。故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Thatcomplicatesanargumentmanyintheindustryhavemade,generallyinoppositiontotightergovernmentregulationsonmethane.Theysaydrillershavetheincentivetocapturegasleakssotheycansellthefossilfuel.Butthat’snotalwayspossible,ifindustryhasn’tbuiltthepipelinesandotherinfrastructuretogetthegastoconsumers.(这使许多业内人士提出的论点变得复杂，他们普遍反对政府对甲烷的更严格监管。他们说，钻井商有incentive捕获天然气泄漏，以便出售化石燃料。但如果工业界没有建造管道和其他基础设施将天然气输送给消费者，这并不总是可能的)”可知，如果政府监管不那么严格的话，钻井商可以出售化石燃料来卖钱，所以他们是有动机来捕获天然气泄漏的。所以，incentive的意思应该是“动机”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Theoilandgasindustrymaybeemittingaboutthree-timestheamountofclimate-warmingmethanethangovernmentestimatesshow,accordingtoanewstudyfromStanfordUniversity,LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryandotherorganizationsinNature.(根据斯坦福大学、劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室和《自然》杂志其他组织的一项新研究，石油和天然气行业排放的甲烷量可能是政府估计的气候变暖甲烷量的三倍)”和第二段“Butoilandgasoftencomeoutofthegroundtogether,andiftherewasn’tawaytotransporttheless-valuablegastowhereitcouldbesold,leakswerehigher.(但石油和天然气往往是一起开采出来的，如果没有办法将价值较低的天然气运输到可以出售的地方，泄漏就会更高)”可知，文章主要讲述的是石油和天然气的开采带来的甲烷泄露问题，所以“甲烷排放：石油和天然气行业的隐性影响。”适合作为文章标题。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““2024couldmarkaturningpointandpoliciesarestartingtobeputintoplace.Greatertransparencyiscoming.Awarenessisspreadingandwehaveenhancedabilitytotracklargeleaksandactquicklytoshutthemdown,”Gouldsaid.Gouldsaidhehopestohavegoodnewstoshare,aboutareductioninmethaneemissions,nextyear.(古尔德说：“2024年可能标志着一个转折点，政策开始实施。更大的透明度即将到来。人们的意识正在传播，我们已经增强了追踪大规模泄漏并迅速采取行动关闭泄漏的能力。”。古尔德说，他希望明年能分享减少甲烷排放的好消息)”可知，TimGould对甲烷排放问题是持乐观态度的。故选D。DCrossingpathswithawildboar(野猪)canposefearandjoyinequalmeasure.Despite700yearsofextinctioninBritain,thespecies’owntenacityandillegalreleasesfromthe1980shavenowledtoseveralpopulationsemerging.However,withimpactsonbothpeopleandthecountryside,theirrighttoexistinBritainisheavilydebated.However,theboar’shabitat-regeneratingactionsthatbenefitotherwildlife,eveniftheyareunlovedbymany.ThefewboarinEnglandarethreatenedagainbypoachingandculling.Whyismorenotbeingdonetopreventtheirre-extinction?Naturalist,writerandsciencecommunicatorChantalLyonsaddressesallthesecomplexissuesandexplainswhatitmighttakeforustocoexistwithwildboarinhernewbook,Groundbreakers:TheReturnofBritain’sWildBoar.Inthisextract,sheexplainsthehistoryofthewildboarinBritain.MostofthelastmillenniumwasnotkindtothewildboarofEurope.Buttheyenduredwhensomanyotherlargeanimalsdidnot,andtheirstarisascendantoncemore.Theirpopulationstatusisratedas“LeastConcern”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),whichreportsthatthespeciesnowhasoneofthevastestgeographicaldistributionsofalllandanimals,partlythankstohumans.Andso,withhindsight,thereturnofwildboartoBritainwasinevitable.Ifnotintentional.There’dbeenmutteringsamongenvironmentalistsfordecadesthatthespeciesshouldbereintroduced.Themarketgotatasteforthem.Morefarmssprungup,buyinginanimalsfromtheContinent,wheretheyhadneverbeenextinctandthefarmingofthemwasalreadylongestablished.Bytheearly1990stherewere40registeredbreedersintheUK.Despitethousandsofyearsoftrying,oneofthequalitiesthathasprovenmostchallengingtobreedoutofthefarmedpigisescapology.Life,asacertainfictionalmathematicianoncesaid,findsaway.Ourwoodlandshadbeenwaitingfornearly700years.Answeringwhatevercallwassoundingintheirbrains,wildboarbegantoescapefromthefarms.Or,insomecases,seemtohavebeenvariouslyhelpedoutbystormdamage,animalrightsactivists,hard-upownersandshooters.Eachfreedindividualwasaspark.Somethingnew,somethinghotandbrightwithpotential.Notallthosesparkstook.Butenoughdid.12.WhatwerethecircumstancesthatledtothereturnofwildboarstoBritain?A.Theroleofthefarmedpigsintheecosystem.B.Introductionalreintroductioneffortsbyenvironmentalists.C.Capitalisticinfluenceandthemarketdemandforboarmeat.D.StrictenforcementoftheDangerousWildAnimalsActof1976.13.Howdidvariousfactorscontributetothereleaseofboarsintothewoodlands?A.Escapologychallengeinfarmedpigsandtheimpactonthemarket.B.Animalrightsactivists’effortsinfacilitatingboarrelease.C.Theinfluenceofthefarmedpigsonthebehaviorofwildboars.D.Stormdamageanditsroleinreleasingboars.14.HowdidChantalLyonsexplainthehistoricalcontextofwildboarsinBritain?A.Thenegativeimpactofcapitalismonwildboarhabitats.B.Theroleofthefarmedpigsintheresurgenceofwildboars.C.Theneedforstricterenforcementofwildlifeprotectionlaws.D.Theinevitabilityofwildboarreintroductionthroughhumaninfluence.15.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefreedindividualsamongthewildboars?A.Theywereallsuccessfulinestablishingnewhabitats.B.Eachofthemcontributedtothedeclineofthewildboarpopulation.C.Thesparkssymbolizethechallengesfacedbythewildboarsinthewoodlands.D.Someofthemadaptedtotheirnewenvironment,causingtheresurgenceoftheboars.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了野猪在英国的现状和历史。虽然在英国已经灭绝了700年，但由于非法释放和栖息地重建行动，野猪种群再次出现，引发了人民和农村的争议。博物学家ChantalLyons在她的新书中解释了与野猪共存的复杂问题。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theirpopulationstatusisratedas“LeastConcern”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),whichreportsthatthespeciesnowhasoneofthevastestgeographicaldistributionsofalllandanimals,partlythankstohumans.(它们的种群状况被国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）评为“最不受关注”，该联盟报告称，该物种现在是所有陆地动物中地理分布最广泛的物种之一，这在一定程度上要归功于人类。)”和第五段“Andso,withhindsight,thereturnofwildboartoBritainwasinevitable.Ifnotintentional.There’dbeenmutteringsamongenvironmentalistsfordecadesthatthespeciesshouldbereintroduced.Themarketgotatasteforthem.(因此，事后看来，野猪回归英国是不可避免的。如果不是故意的。几十年来，环保主义者一直在嘀咕着应该重新引入该物种。市场已经尝到了它们的味道。)”可知，资本主义的影响和市场对野猪肉的需求导致野猪返回英国。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Despitethousandsofyearsoftrying,oneofthequalitiesthathasprovenmostchallengingtobreedoutofthefarmedpigisescapology.Life,asacertainfictionalmathematicianoncesaid,findsaway.Ourwoodlandshadbeenwaitingfornearly700years.Answeringwhatevercallwassoundingintheirbrains,wildboarbegantoescapefromthefarms.Or,insomecases,seemtohavebeenvariouslyhelpedoutbystormdamage,animalrightsactivists,hard-upownersandshooters.(尽管经过数千年的尝试，养殖猪最具挑战性的品质之一是逃脱术。正如某位虚构的数学家曾经说过的那样，生活会找到一条路。我们的林地已经等了将近700年。无论它们脑子里响起什么样的叫声，野猪都开始逃离农场。)”和第五段中“There’dbeenmutteringsamongenvironmentalistsfordecadesthatthespeciesshouldbereintroduced.Themarketgotatasteforthem.(几十年来，环保主义者一直在嘀咕着应该重新引入该物种。市场已经尝到了它们的味道。)”可知，养殖猪的逃脱术导致的挑战，及其对市场的影响导致野猪被释放到林地。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theirpopulationstatusisratedas“LeastConcern”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),whichreportsthatthespeciesnowhasoneofthevastestgeographicaldistributionsofalllandanimals,partlythankstohumans.(它们的种群状况被国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）评为“最不受关注”，该联盟报告称，该物种现在是所有陆地动物中地理分布最广泛的物种之一，这在一定程度上要归功于人类。)”和第五段“Andso,withhindsight,thereturnofwildboartoBritainwasinevitable.(因此，事后看来，野猪回归英国是不可避免的。)”可知，由于人类的影响，野猪的重新引入是必然的。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Eachfreedindividualwasaspark.Somethingnew,somethinghotandbrightwithpotential.Notallthosesparkstook.Butenoughdid.(每一个自由的个体都是一个火花，一种新的东西，一种有潜力的炽热和光明的东西。并不是所有的火花都擦出来了。但已经够了。)”可知，作者通过把渴望被释放的野猪比作自由的火花，说明这些野猪中的一些被释放出来，适应了新环境，导致了这一种群的复兴。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtomanagesleepanxietyAsidefromthemainsymptomofnotbeingabletofallasleep,orconstantlywakingupthroughoutthenight,sleepanxietyhasverysimilarsymptomstogeneralanxietydisorders.___16___Sleepdeprivationcanhaveahugeimpactonyourhealthandwellbeing,andsleepanxietycanmakeitdifficult,evenimpossible,tohavegetagoodnight’ssleep.Studieshaveshownthatsingularstressfulevents,liketakinganexam,havelittleimpactonyourcortisollevelsandtheysoonreturntonormal.___17___Thissuggeststhatanightoftossingandturningthedaybeforeajobinterviewmightbeaoneoff,butfacingstresseveryday—likebeingstressedaboutlackofsleep—hasasignificantimpactonyoursleepcycle.Thefirststepistoidentifywhat’scausingyourlackofsleep.Isitstressatwork,orinyourrelationship?Isitpastinjury?Isitbaddreamsmakingyouwanttoputoffsleepingsotheydon’tkeeprecurring?Trytounderstandwhyyoufinditastruggletosleep.___18___Ifnightmaresandsleepparalysisarestoppingyoufromsleeping,youmightthinkthere’snothingyoucandotocalmyoursubconscious—buttherearethingsyoucantrythatcanmakeyourdreamsmorepositive.___19___Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithabetter“peaceofmind”havemorepositivedreams,whereassymptomsofanxietyrelatedtonegativedreams.Cognitivebehaviouraltherapy,CBT,teachesyoutochangethewayyouthinkinordertochangeyourbehaviour.Itcouldhelpyouunderstandhowsleepanxietyisaffectingyourbodyandbrain,avoidthingsthattriggeryouranxietyandmakesleepimpossible,andhelpchangethenegativewayyouviewsleep.Sometimes,lessismore,andperhapstryingtoohardtoforceyourselftosleepwitha20-stepbedtimeroutinecouldbeaddingtothepressureandanxietyyou’refeeling,andhavetheoppositeaffectthatyouwant.___20___Ifyouusuallytrytosleepinawarmroomwithahotwaterbottle,tryloweringthetemperature.Sleepinginacolderroompreventscortisollevelsrising,andhelpsyourbodyreleasemelatonininstead,whichhelpsyousleep—thisiswhyit’softensodifficulttosleepduringaheatwave.A.Thesecanbelistedasfollows.B.IfIt’snotworking,it’stimetotrysomethingnew.C.Takeacomfortablesleepingposition,ideallyonyourback.D.Thiscanhelpyoudealwiththeanxietysurroundingitandthenendthehatredcycle.E.However,chronicstressandanxietycanmaketheincreaseinthehormonelastalongtime.F.Trysomemindfultechniquesaspartofyourbedtimeroutineaswellasthroughouttheday.G.Theseincludeacontinualfeelingofunease,increasedheartrate,sweating,andtensedmuscles.【答案】16.G17.E18.D19.F20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了缓解睡眠焦虑的四种方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Asidefromthemainsymptomofnotbeingabletofallasleep,orconstantlywakingupthroughoutthenight,sleepanxietyhasverysimilarsymptomstogeneralanxietydisorders.(除了无法入睡或整晚不断醒来的主要症状外，睡眠焦虑与一般焦虑症的症状非常相似)”可知，接下来需要介绍这些症状是什么样的。选项G“这些症状包括持续的不安感、心率加快、出汗和肌肉紧张。”和上文意思一致，符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】根据下文“Thissuggeststhatanightoftossingandturningthedaybeforeajobinterviewmightbeaoneoff,butfacingstresseveryday—likebeingstressedaboutlackofsleep—hasasignificantimpactonyoursleepcycle.(这表明，在面试前一天晚上辗转反侧可能是一种解脱，但每天面对压力——比如睡眠不足带来的压力——会对你的睡眠周期产生重大影响)”可知，这里介绍长期处于高压之下会对你的睡眠周期产生重大影响。选项E“然而，长期的压力和焦虑会使荷尔蒙的增加持续很长时间。”引出下文，符合题意。故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“Thefirststepistoidentifywhat’scausingyourlackofsleep.Isitstressatwork,orinyourrelationship?Isitpastinjury?Isitbaddreamsmakingyouwanttoputoffsleepingsotheydon’tkeeprecurring?Trytounderstandwhyyoufinditastruggletosleep.(第一步是找出导致你睡眠不足的原因。这是工作中的压力，还是你们关系中的压力？是过去的伤病吗？是噩梦让你想推迟睡觉，这样它们就不会不断出现吗？试着去理解为什么你觉得难以入睡)”可知，这里建议要弄明白你觉得难以入睡的原因。选项D“这可以帮助你处理围绕它的焦虑，然后结束仇恨循环。”承接上文，说明这样做的作用，符合题意。故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“Ifnightmaresandsleepparalysisarestoppingyoufromsleeping,youmightthinkthere’snothingyoucandotocalmyoursubconscious—buttherearethingsyoucantrythatcanmakeyourdreamsmorepositive.(如果噩梦和睡眠瘫痪让你无法入睡，你可能会认为你无法平静你的潜意识——但你可以尝试一些事情，让你的梦想变得更加积极)”可知，这里建议尝试一些事情，让你的梦想变得更加积极。选项F“试着把一些有意识的技巧作为你就寝时间的一部分，也可以贯穿一天。”进一步介绍这种方法的益处