江苏省扬州市高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）

江苏省扬州市2019届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）本试卷分五部分，满分120分，考试时间120分钟第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesJimdo?A.Ateacher.B.Astudent.C.Anemployee.2.Wherearethespeakersgoingafterdinner?A.Apark.B.Ashoppingcenter.C.Anicecreamshop.3.Whatistheman’ssuggestion?A.Goingtoashow.B.Goingtotheconcert.C.VisitingtheNationalExhibition.4.Howlonghastherainlasted?A.Fivedays.B.Sixdays.C.Sevendays.5.Whatdoesthewomanimply?A.Shehastopostaletterinstead.B.She’snotsureiftheputerisfixed.C.Shecan’tsendthemessagerightnow.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6和第7题。6.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingdinner.B.Watchingamovie.C.Makingsoup.7.Whatmakesthemanunhappy?A.Thewomandoesn'tcookverywell.B.Thewomanseldomtalkstohimatdinner.C.Thewomanwatchestoomanymercials.听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题。8.WhydidMarycall?A.Toseehowherparentsweregoing.B.Totellherfathersomegoodnews.C.Toinviteherparentstoherhome.9.WhoisTomprobably?A.Mary’sson.B.Mary’shusband.C.Mr.Davis’friend.10.HowmanychildrendoesMaryhave?A.Onesonandonedaughter.B.Twosonsandonedaughter,C.Twodaughtersandoneson.听第8段材料，回答第11至第13题。11.What’swrongwiththeman?A.Histhroatisburning.B.Hischestishurting.C.Heiscoughing.12.Whendidthemanfallinillness?A.Aboutsevendaysago.B.Aboutfourdaysago.C.Theotherday.13.Howoftenatmostdoesthedoctorsuggesttakingthepainkillers?A.Onceaday.B.Fourtimesaday.C.Sixtimesaday.听第9段材料，回答第14至第16题。14.Whydidn’tthemangotosleep?A.Hewaswaitingforthewoman.B.Hehadahabitofstayingup.C.Hehadsomeworktodo.15.Whatisthenewsabouttheman?A.Hewilltakeafreeholiday.B.Hehasgotapromotion.C.Heisofferedajob.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Acouple.B.Netfriends.C.Brotherandsister.听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。17.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutShakespeareandpany?A.Itonlysellsfamousbooks.B.Itisonlyopentofamouswriters.C.Itisnotonlyabookstorebutalsoalibrary.18.WhywasMs.Beach’sbookstoreclosed?A.ShemovedtoGermany.B.Itwasclosedduetothewar.C.Herbusinesswentfrombadtoworse.19.WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Whitman?A.HewasMs.Beach’sneighbor.B.HehasfollowedinMs.Beach’sfootsteps.C.HeusedtoworkatMs.Beach’sbookstore.20.WhendidMr.WhitmannamehisbookstoreShakespeareandpany?A.In1941.B.In1951.C.In1964第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Inlessthantwomonths,theworld________theUAEAsianCup.A.waswatchingB.watchedC.willbewatchingD.hasbeenwatching【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在不到两个月的时间，全世界将会在观看阿联酋亚洲杯足球赛。介词短语“in+时间段

”表示在多长时间以后，多用于将来和将来进行时。ACD三项都不表示将来，根据句意可知C项正确。2.Howdoyoufindyournewboss,youguys?Oh,Ithinkhehasearnedourwiderespect________hetreatseveryonefairly.A.inthatB.sothatC.eventhoughD.asthough【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查连词。

A.inthat因为

B.sothat

以致C.eventhough

即使

D.asthough好像似乎

句意：—你们觉得新老板怎么样?—因为他对待每一个人都很公平，所以我觉得他获得了我们的尊重。连词短语inthat表示原因。故A项正确。3.YangzhouHalfMarathon,________popularityisgrowingstrongerandstronger,hasbeethecity’sannualsportgala.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.its【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。

句意：久负名声的扬州半程马拉松已经成为了这个城市每年的体育盛会。此句中先行词是Yangzhouhalfmarathon，关系代词

whose表示“人的/物的”，若选用ofwhich

则需要使用ofwhichthepopularity。故B项正确。【点睛】本句考查了关系代词whose引导的定语从句，其用法如下：1.

whose用作关系代词时，它并不表示“谁的”，而是表示“……的……”，在具体语境需要灵活处理。如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.

他就是汽车被窃的人。Theboyswhosenameswerecalledstoodup.

叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。Youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.

你是惟一可能使他听从劝告的人。2.

不要以为whose引导定语从句时，其先行词必定是指人的名词，其实也可以是指事物（包括动物）的名词。如：ItwasanislandwhosenameIhaveforgotten.

这是一座岛，名字我忘了。Wolvesarehighlysocialanimalswhosesuccessdependsuponcooperation.

狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。3.

whose

不仅可以引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：Mybitch,whosetemperisveryuncertain,oftenbitesthejudgesatdogshows.

我的母狗脾气不稳定，常常在狗展上咬裁判。OneoftheBritons,whoseidentityhasnotbeenrevealed,wastakentohospital.

其中一位英国人被送往医院。他的身份还没有透露。Nowwasnotthetimetostartthinkingofmother,whosedeathhadsodistressedme.

现在还不是开始想念母亲的时候。她的去世令我极度痛苦。4.

引导定语从句的“whose+名词”，有时可换成其他结构，注意词序的变化。比较：破了窗户的那座房子是空的。正：Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.正：Thehousethewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.正：Thehouseofwhichthewindowsarebrokenisempty.正：Thehousewithbrokenwindowsisempty.5.

根据语境的需要，whose

前可以使用语义需要的介词。如：IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.

我要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我不会走到今天这一步。Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,fromwhoseeffectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.

上个月东南亚的部分地区受到洪水侵袭，现在人们仍在遭受洪水带来的影响。4.TheEuropeanmembersareafraidthatthenewdealwillupsetthe________balanceofpoliticalinterests.A.ambitiousB.arbitraryC.delicateD.pulsory【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。A.ambitious雄心的；有抱负的；

B.arbitrary随意的，专制的；

C.delicate脆弱的；

D.pulsory强制的；义务的；

句意：欧洲成员们担心这个新的交易会打破脆弱的政治利益的平衡。根据句意可知C项正确。5.Itwasonlyafterallhisdebtswerediscoveredthateveryoneknewthegreatfinancieralsohad________.A.greenfingersB.feetofclayC.thesaltoftheearthD.coolcucumbers【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查俗语辨析。A.greenfingers

园艺能手；

B.feetofclay

内在缺陷，致命缺点；C.thesaltofearth

诚实正直的人；

D.coolcucumbers

冷静镇定；

句意：直到他的债务被发现的时候，人们才明白原来伟大的金融家也有缺点。故B项正确。6.WhatdoyouthinkofCristianoRonaldo’ssigningforJuventus?Hisexperienceandrangeofskillswilladdanew________totheteam.A.extensionB.foundationC.occupationD.dimension【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。A.extension延长，伸展；B.foundation根基，基础；C.occupation职业，占据；D.dimension尺寸；容积；内容；维度；范围；方面；句意：—你怎么看待C罗转会到尤文图斯？—他的经验和技巧会给这只队伍带来新的内容。根据句意可知D项正确。7.Richardstickstoprinciplesandatthesametimehasflexibility,soheistonegotiatewiththepetitors________themunity.A.onbehalfofB.onaccountofC.infavorofD.intermsof【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。A.onbehalfof代表，为了……的利益;B.

onaccountof

因为；C.infavorof

有助于，有利于；D.

intermsof

在……方面；

句意：Richard坚持原则的同时也有灵活变通，因此他要与代表社区的对手协商。故A项正确。8.AnearthquakestrucktheIndonesianisland,________about5,000peopleouttosea.A.sweepingB.tosweepC.sweptD.havingswept【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：

一场地震侵袭了印尼岛，使得5000多人离开小岛。动词短语

sweepsbouttosea=awayfromland

意为“让…离开…”，后句是结果，发生在地震后面，因此使用现在分词短语doingsth表示“意料之中”的结果。故A项正确。9.Whenhavingmeals,moreyoungpeoplewouldliketo________theexpenses,fiftytofifty.A.cutB.coverC.splitD.spare【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析及固定搭配。A.cut砍，切，削；B.cover覆盖，采访，（钱、时间）够用；C.split使…分开；D.spare抽出，匀出；动词短语splittheexpense

分摊费用。句意：当吃饭的时候，更多的年轻人愿意分摊费用。故C项正确。10.DidGeorgepasstheinterview?I’mafraidnot.Ifso,he________meinthefirstplace.A.informedB.hadinformedC.wouldinformD.wouldhaveinformed【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。if引导条件状语从句的虚拟语气的用法的三种情况,(1)对过去：从句haddone；主句would/could/might/shouldhavedone；(2)对现在：从句：did/were；主句：would/could/mightdo(3)对将来：从句shoulddo/weretodo/did；主句would/could/might/shoulddo；语意：—乔治通过面试了吗？—恐怕没有，如果有的话，他会第一时间告诉我的。根据句意可知表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句部分使用would/could/might/shouldhavedone；故D项正确。【点睛】本句考查了if引导的条件状语从句的用法，具体如下：1.表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were），主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如：Iftheweatherwerefine,wewouldgotoShanghai.如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）Iftheyhadtime,theywould/could/mightgowithme.如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。2.表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去完成式，主语+would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。如：IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishouldn't/wouldn't/couldn'thavemadesuchamistake.如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。3.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形，主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如：Theglasswouldbreakifyoudroppedit.杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould/could/mightbesaved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。注意：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。11.Employeeswhorefuseto________thepany’sregulationswillbedismissed.A.adjusttoB.catertoC.turntoD.submitto【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

adjustto调整适应；

caterto迎合；turnto转向，求助于；submitto呈交，顺从，服从；

句意：拒绝遵守公司规则的员工都将会被解雇。根据句意可知D项正确。12.“WhenItakeastepbackandlookat________wearetoday,asparedtoayearago,”hesays,“thenumbersindicatethatoureconomyisbeingbetter.”A.whenB.whereC.whyD.what【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。本句中

where可以表示"地点"概念，还可以表示"场合"、"形势"、"情况"等概念。引导宾语从句wherewearetoday，做动词短语lookat的宾语。

句意：当我后退一步来看我们的今天的情况，这些数字表示我们的数据与一年前相比进步了。故B项正确。13.Hetookupthepostofgeneralmanager,littleknowinghowthisappointment________hislife.A.haschangedB.hadchangedC.wastochangeD.waschanging【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：他接受了总经理这个职位，却不知道这个任命将会如何改变他的生活。句中不定式短语betodosth表示将来时，故C项正确。14.Ifyouleavewithin15minutes,you________parkyourcarattheroadsidetemporarily.A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.can【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。

A.would会，将要；B.should应该；C.must必须，一定；D.can可以，能够；可能；有时候可能；句意：如果你在十五分钟内离开i，你可以暂时把车停在路边。根据句意可知本句中can表示可以，能够。故D项正确。15.Whichmoviedoyouthinkisbetter,ShadoworProjectGutenberg?________.Bothhavehighlightsandflaws.A.It’shardtosayB.ItalldependsC.Youcan'tbeseriousD.Iwouldn'tmindthat【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情景交际英语。

A.It’shardtosay这很难说；B.Italldepends视情况而定；C.Youcan'tbeserious你不是认真的吧；D.Iwouldn'tmindthat我不介意；

—你认为这两部电影哪部好；—这很难说，各有优缺吧！根据句意可知A项正确。第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OnmydaughterNorah’sfourthbirthday,westoppedatthesupermarketafterschool.Norahwavedatamanacoupleofstepsaway,“Hi,oldperson!It’smybirthdaytoday!”_____16_____Icouldasktheearthto___17___mewhole,heturnedtousandhisrigidexpression___18___ashereplied,“Well,hello,littlelady!Andhowoldareyoutoday?”TheychattedandhetoldustocallhimDan.Wewere___19___othershoppersandwesaidsorry,buttheydidn’tcare.Therewas___20___happeninginthesupermarketthatday.IpostedthestoryandaphotoonmyFacebooklaterthatnight.SoonIreceivedamessagefroma___21___readerwho___22___Mr.Dan.IaskedforMr.Dan’sphonenumberandcalledhimafewdayslater.Hehadbeen___23___sincehiswifehadgone.Iwascertainhisheartwas___24___bymylittlegirlandthatheneededthat___25___.WevisitedMr.Dan’stidyhouse—___26___ofhiswifestill___27___displayedeverywhere.Hewaspatientandkindwithmytalkative,constantlymovinggirl.He___28___achild’stable,blankpaperandcrayonsforNorahtodrawsomepicturesforhimtodisplayonhisrefrigerator.NorahasksaboutMr.Daneveryday.Shewantshimtofeel___29___.Mr.DanthinksaboutNorah,too.Afteranotherrecentvisit,he___30___thathehadn’thadan___31___night’ssleepsincehiswifedied.Hetoldmethathehadslept___32___everynightsincemeetingmygirl.“Norahhas___33___me,”hesaid.Thatleftme___34___andmycheekswetwithtears.Hehasbeen___35___intomyfamily,andjustasNorahsaid,we'regoingtolovehimallup.16.A.WhenB.BeforeC.OnceD.Although17.A.swallowB.coverC.chewD.hide18.A.strengthenedB.weakenedC.softenedD.toughened19.A.avoidingB.gatheringC.invitingD.blocking20.A.magicB.frictionC.panicD.glory21.A.practicalB.localC.criticalD.typical22.A.recognizedB.appreciatedC.discoveredD.admitted23.A.merryB.annoyedC.stubbornD.lonely24.A.shakenB.switchedC.touchedD.broken25.A.cautionB.connectionC.unrestD.separation26.A.decorationsB.designsC.remindersD.materials27.A.randomlyB.proudlyC.casuallyD.loosely28.A.setoutB.leftoutC.letoutD.madeout29.A.movedB.protectedC.lovedD.respected30.A.relatedB.sworeC.yelledD.joked31.A.impressiveB.unbelievableC.inparableD.uninterrupted32.A.constantlyB.soundlyC.thoroughlyD.quietly33.A.controlledB.protectedC.inspiredD.healed34.A.restlessB.sleeplessC.helplessD.speechless35.A.classifiedB.equippedC.absorbedD.released【答案】16.B17.A18.C19.D20.A21.B22.A23.D24.C25.B26.C27.B28.A29.C30.A31.D32.B33.D34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，女儿Norah四岁生日的时候遇见了Mr.Dan；妻子去世以后他一直都很难入睡，Norah的出现治愈了他心里的创伤，他慢慢地恢复，睡眠质量也有了很大的好转。【16题详解】考查连词辨析。A.When当…时；B.Before在…之前；C.Once一旦；D.Although尽管；在我尴尬地想打个地洞钻进去之前，我的女儿就已经叫出来了。故B项正确。【17题详解】考查动词辨析。A.swallow吞没；B.cover覆盖；C.chew咀嚼，消化；D.hide躲藏；动词短语asktheearthtoswallowmewhole字面意义是大地把我整个吞噬，此处暗指我感到难为情，想钻进地洞。故A项正确。【18题详解】考查动词辨析。A.strengthened加强；B.weakened变弱；C.softened变得温柔；D.toughened变得健壮；C项指语气变柔软，指Mr.Dan在见到littlegirl时变温柔了，后文betouched有所暗示，他被触动了。故C项正确。【19题详解】考查动词辨析。A.avoiding避免；B.gathering聚集，采集；C.inviting邀请；D.blocking阻挡；我们挡住其他购物者的路，向对方道歉但是他们并不介意。故D项正确。【20题详解】考查词义辨析。A.magic有魔力的，美妙的；B.friction摩擦力；C.panic恐慌的；D.glory光荣；本句是指那一天在超市里发生了一些美妙的事情。故A项正确。【21题详解】考查形容词辨析。A．practical实际的；B.local当地的；C.critical批判的；C.typical典型的，都不符合文章含义，此处指一个当地的读者。我收到了当地读者的信息。故B项正确。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。A.recognized认出；B.appreciated感激，欣赏；C.discovered发现；D.admitted承认；动词recognize指认出…，在Facebook上有人认出了Mr.Dan。故A项正确。【23题详解】考查形容词辨析及生活常识。A.merry愉快的；B.annoyed恼怒的；C.stubborn固执的；D.lonely孤独的；失去妻子的人通常都会感觉很孤独。根据下文可知他的妻子去世了，因此他很孤单。故D项正确。【24题详解】考查动词辨析。A.shaken颤抖；B.switched转换，改变；C.touched触摸，打动；D.broken折断；此处touch指感动，触动，他被我的女儿所触动。故C项正确。【25题详解】考查名词辨析。A.caution谨慎；B.connection联系，关系；C.unrest动荡不安；D.separation分别，分开；此处connection指人际关系，他失去了妻子，见到我的女儿时有所触动，他需要这样的感情关系的慰藉。故B项正确。【26题详解】考查名词辨析。A.decorations装饰物；B.designs设计；C.reminders提醒物；D.materials材料；本句中reminder指起提醒作用的东西，即妻子的一些纪念物。故C项正确。【27题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.randomly随意地；B.proudly自豪地；C.casually随意地；D.loosely松散地；ACD都是指随意地，但此处上下文可见Mr.Dan是非常思念他的妻子的，自豪地摆放着那些纪念物。故B项正确。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。短语setout拿出，开始做某事，leaveout遗漏、冷落，letout

放宽，放大，泄露秘密，makeout辨认。本句中setout指“摆桌子”，他摆好桌子，白纸和蜡笔让Norah开始画。故A项正确。【29题详解】考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A.moved移动，感动；B.protected保护；C.loved爱；D.respected尊重；根据文章最后一句“Hehasbeen___20___intomyfamily,andjustasNorahsaid,we'regoingtolovehimallup”可知他想让Mr.Dan感到被爱。故C项正确。【30题详解】考查动词辨析。A.related提及，与…有关；B.swore咒骂，发誓；C.yelled大喊，大叫；D.joked开玩笑；在某次来访以后，他提到自从妻子去世以后，他从来都没有未被打断的睡眠。故A项正确。【31题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.impressive印象深刻的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.inparable无可比拟的；D.uninterrupted指不间断的、未被打断；在遇见我女儿之前他很少有没有中断的睡眠，而现在Mr.Dan的睡眠状态好转。故D项正确。【32题详解】考查副词辨析。A.constantly不断地；B.soundly状态好地；C.thoroughly彻底地；D.quietly安静地；本句中soundly指状态好的，此处指状态好的睡眠。在遇见我的女儿以后，他的睡眠质量有很大的好转。故B项正确。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。A.controlled控制；B.protected保护；C.inspired鼓励，激励；D.healed治愈；Mr.Dan认为“Norah治愈了我”，让他能够睡得更好。故D项正确。【34题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.restless不安宁的，焦虑的；B.sleepless无法入睡的；C.helpless无助的；D.speechless无言的；本句指我默默无言地掉下眼泪。故D项正确。【35题详解】考查动词辨析。A.classified分类；B.equipped装备，配备；C.absorbed吸收，吸引…的注意，理解；D.released释放；此处absorb指Mr.Dan慢慢融入我的家庭，成为我家庭的一部分。故C项正确。【点睛】本文小题8考查了生活常识，生活常识也是完形填空中考查较多的内容。在完成完形填空时，我们可以联系生活常识，再现相关情景。完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识充分地想象当时的情景，从而达到去“伪”存“真”的目的。

例：

the

girl

was

able

to

lead

her

birds

to

run

across

the

grass,

but

she

could

not

teach

them

to__45__.（全国卷I）

45.

A.

fly

B.

race

C.

swim

D.

sing

析：

根据常识，人类可以race、swim或sing，但是不会直接像鸟一样振翅飞翔，因此小女孩不能教给鸟儿“飞翔”，故答案为A。第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACIRCLEROLLSByBarbaraKanninen.IllustratedbySergeBloch.Inthisdelightfulsneaklessoningeometry,physics,andhelpingyourfriendswhenthey’reinajam，somecolorfulshapeshaveabanguptimewhenCirclestartsrolling.32pages.Phaidon.$16.95.Ages3to5.AHOUSETHATONCEWASByJulieFogliano.IllustratedbyLaneSmith.Twokidswalkinginthewoodsfindanabandonedhouse.Wholivedthere?Whathappened?AcpaniedbyLane’sartthatsuggestslayersofhistory,Fogliano’sstoryturnsthischildhoodstoryintoabrilliantpoemaboutthemysteriesofotherpeopleandthewonderfulnessofhome.42pages.RoaringBrook.$18.99.Ages3to7.FOREVERORADAYWrittenandillustratedbySarahJacoby.InJacoby’sfirstelegantperformance,timeisbothariddleandapoem:“Perhapsitisaghost/itcaneandgo/andyouneverevennoticeitwasthere,”shewrites.Hersoftillustrations,inlovelysunrise,sunsetandmoonlightcolors,capturebothwideopenspacesandtheenduringbondsoffamilylove.40pages.Chronicle.$17.99.Ages3to7.JEROMEBYHEARTByThomasScotto.IllustratedbyOlivierTallec.It’sraretofindabookaboutfriendshipbetweenboysthisheartfelt.Hisparentslaughattheintensityofitall,butRaphaelwantstospendeveryminutewithJerome—hisschooltripbuddy,hisdefenderagainstmeankids,thefriendwhoalwaysmakeshimlaugh.Boththewordsandthesweetillustrationscapturethespiritbehindchildhoodbonds.32pages.EnchantedLion.$16,95.Ages4to8.36.Itcanbeseenthat“Phaidon”mightbethenameof—A.awriterB.apublisherC.bookD.asubject37.Whichofthebooksmentionsschoolviolence?A.CIRCLEROLLSB.AHOUSETHATONCEWASC.FOREVERORADAYD.JEROMEBYHEART【答案】36.B37.D【解析】本文是一则广告，介绍了四本书CIRCLEROLLS、AHOUSETHATONCEWAS、FOREVERORADAY、JEROMEBYHEART，涉及四本书的作者、价格、主要内容等的具体信息。【36题详解】猜测词义题。整篇文章介绍书籍。根据另外三本书信息中表格里书名作者在第一行，根据常识可以推断最后为页数，出版社，定价和适合的年龄段，可知“Phaidon”是出版商apublisher。故B项正确。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第4本书介绍第二句“Hisparentslaughattheintensityofitall,butRaphaelwantstospendeveryminutewithJerome—hisschooltripbuddy,hisdefenderagainstmeankids,”中提及了校园暴力，故D项正确。BBreeders(词养者）havelongfoundthatpuppiesbeetheircutestselvesattheeightweekmark;anyolder,andsomebreedersofferadiscounttoarousewouldbeowners’weakeneddesire.Suchpreferencesmightseemarbitrary,evencruel.Butrecentresearchindicatesthatpeakpuppycutenessservesimportantpurposes—andmightplayafundamentalroleinbindingdogandownertogether.Inastudypublishedthisspring,Wynne,theheadofArizonaStateUniversity’scaninesciencelaboratory,andhiscolleaguessoughttopindown,scientifically,thetimelineofpuppycuteness.Theirfindinglargelymatchedthatofbreeders:Peopleconsistentlyrateddogsmostattractivewhentheyweresixtoeightweeksold.Thisage,Wynnesays,coincideswithacrucialdevelopmentalmilestone:Motherdogsstopnursingtheiryoungaroundtheeighthweek,afterwhichpupsrelyonhumansforsurvival.(Puppieswithouthumancaretakersfacedeathratesofupto95percentintheirfirstyearoflife.)Peakcuteness,then,isnoaccidentatexactlythemomentwhenourinvolvementmattersmost,puppiesbeeirresistibletous.Itdoesn’thurtthathumansseemtobeespeciallydefenselesstocutethings.Oxytocin,thesocalledlovehormone,hasbeenfoundtoriseindogsandtheirownersaftertheylookineachother’seyes—settingoffthesamefeedbackloop(反馈回路）thatexistsbetweenhumanmothersandtheirbabies.Inotherwords,themoredogsgetustolookatthem,themoretightlybondedtothemwegrow.Bornblindandbasicallydeaf,puppiesaren’tinteractiveintheirfirstweeksoflife,andWynnenotesthatmanypeoplefindanimalsinthisstagealienandunappealing.Arecentstudyfocusedonhumansshowedthat,similartosixweekoldpuppies,sixmontholdbabiesareseenassignificantlycuterthannewborns.AsthepsychologistsGaryShermanandJonathanHaidthaveproposed,thedelayedappearanceofcutenessinhumanbabiescanalsobringaboutafloodofsocialinteractions,suchaspetting,playing,andbabytalking.Theseactsaredevelopmentallycrucialtopuppiesaswell,buttheycan’tbecarriedoutveryeffectivelywiththeextremelyyoung.Andso“oneisnotborncute,”ShermanandHaidtconclude.“Onebeescute.”38.WhatdidWynnefindinhisstudy?A.Humancarereducespuppies’deathrateparedwithmotherdogs’nursing.B.Motherdogsrefusetoraisepuppiesashumansoffertohelpwiththenursing.C.Puppies1attractivenessreachesitspeakbetweensixandeightweeksafterbirth.D.Puppiespresenttheircutenesstousbecauseweparticipateintheirsurvival.39.Thebondbetweendogsandhumansbuildsupwhen.A.oxytocinincreasesinbothdogsandtheirownersB.dogsgiveusmorelooksthanwedotothemC.humansareabletofeeldogs’cutenessatfirstsightD.dogsandhumansreceivenegativeresponses40.Theconclusion“Onebeescute.”impliesthat.A.newlybornbabiesorpuppiesseldomshowcutenessB.cutenessservesforpuppies’survivalandgrowthC.evenblindpuppiescanbeecutethroughpracticeD.itisachallengeforcutenesstobepasseddown【答案】38.C39.A40.B【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了小狗吸引人是因为他们之间产生了与喜爱有关的荷尔蒙oxytocin。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据题目Wynne提示，根据第二段第三句“Theirfindinglargelymatchedthatofbreeders:Peopleconsistentlyrateddogsmostattractivewhentheyweresixtoeightweeksold.”可知出生六到八个星期的小狗最吸引人。故选C。【39题详解】判断推理题。定位第3段第二句“Oxytocin,thesocalledlovehormone,hasbeenfoundtoriseindogsandtheirownersaftertheylookineachother’seyes—settingoffthesamefeedbackloop(反馈回路）thatexistsbetweenhumanmothersandtheirbabies.”可知在狗和主人之间产生了oxytocin的时候，可以增强他们之间的联系。文章并没有提到比较，排除B项；C中atfirstsight无中生有，D项内容也是无中生有。故A项正确。【40题详解】判断推理题。根据文章最后一段…“bringaboutafloodofsocialinteractions…theseactsaredevelopmentallycrucialtopuppiesaswell”可见“可爱”对小狗的生存和成长的作用很大。A项中orpuppies错误，

C项中blindpuppies无中生有；D项中passdown

没有提及。故B项正确。CSince2016,theU=U(Undetectable=Untransmittable)campaign,startedbyBruceRichman,whowasdiagnosedwithHIVin2003,hasteamedupwith570otherorganizationsin71countriestosharethemessage:“InmostofthesecountriespeoplehavebeentaughttofearHIVandpeoplewithHIV.Nowwe’returningacorner.”Theimpactofthisandotherpreventionstrategiesandcampaignshasbeguntoreducenewinfectionrates.Asisreported,thenumberofnewdiagnosesinSanFranciscohasdroppedbymorethan50percentsince2006,inlargepartbecauseofthis“treatmentasprevention”approach,alsoknownasTasP.Butmoreworkisneeded,forexample,onavaccine.Forsomeotherviruses,vaccinesworkbymimicking(模仿)thebiochemistryofpeoplewhoseemtobenaturallyprotectedfrominfection.“ForHIV,wedon’thaveagoodnaturallyprotectivecorrelatetoworkwith,”saysLundgren,anofficialinUNAIDS.AnotherdifficultyisthelackofagoodanimalmodelforhumanHIVinfections.Potentialvaccinesthatshowpromiseinmonkeysinfectedwiththesimilarsimianimmunodeficiencyvirushavenotbeensuccessfulinhumanclinicaltrials.TherearealsohopesforanHIVcure,butthishasbeenhardertoebythanexpected.ThemainproblemwithtryingtocureHIVisthatthereisahiddenreservoirofthevirusinthebody.Thatiswhytheleadingstrategyinthehuntforacureisthe“kickandkill”approach.ThisaimstokickHIVoutofcellsthatactasareservoirandthenkillthevirus.Whilefocusingonsuchscientificproblemstomakeacureapossibilityinfuture,researchersatpharmaceuticalpanyGileadarealsomakingprogresswhenitestothepotentialforlongeractingtreatments.Atthemoment,antiretroviral(抗逆$专录病毒的）drugsmustbetakenonadailybasisandthiscanprovedifficultforsome.WinstonTse，aseniorscientistatGilead,isworkingonatreatmentthatlookstobeparticularlyeffectiveandcouldtaketheformofalongactinginjection.HeandhiscolleagueshavesettheirsightsonaproteinthatsurroundsandprotectstheHIVRNAgenomewhichisessentialtoviral(病毒的）lifeincludingitsabilitytoinfectnewcells.Theteamisdevelopingpoundsthatinterferewiththisproteinandsopreventthevirustoreproduce.ItisthisfocusonpreventionandtreatmentthatmakestheUNAIDSgoalpotentiallyachievable—removingAIDSasapublichealthriskby2030.“Iwouldloveacure,butI’minvestingmytimeintothestrategyoftesting,treatingandprevention,becauseIthinkthat’sthewaytoendthisdisease,”saysRichman.41.Whatisthepurposeof“U=Ucampaign”？A.TocallonmorecountriestofightHIV.B.ToofferhelptopeoplewithHIV.C.ToappealtopeopletofaceHIV.D.TopromotetheTasPapproach.42.Researchershavedifficultyintryingvaccinesbecause.A.manypeoplearescaredofHIVB.animaltrialsdon’tworkonhumansC.monkeysareinfectedwithvirusesD.thereisahiddenreservoirinthebody43.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“kickandkill”approach?A.Itislesseffectivethanexpected.B.Itdestroysthereservoirofthevirus.C.Itkillsthevirusoutofthecells.D.Itbelongstotheantiretroviraldrugs.44.WhatcanweinferfromtheUNAIDSgoal??A.AIDSwillbeeapublichealthriskby2030.B.AcureforAIDSismoreimportantthanprevention.C.DoingmoretrialsisthesolutiontostoppingAIDS.D.ResearchersareconfidentinpreventingAIDSinfuture.【答案】41.C42.B43.C44.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，艾滋病一直被认为是非常可怕的疾病，但现在情况有所改变，感染艾滋病的人数在下降，文章中提出了一些治疗艾滋病的新方法等内容。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“peoplehavebeentaughttofearHIVandpeoplewithHIV.Nowwe’returningacorner，turnacorner”中的“turnacorner”转弯，说明做法与之前不同，所以答案选择appealpeopletofaceHIV。A项中more无中生有；B

项属于过度引申；D项

后文信息干扰选项。故C项正确。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“AnotherdifficultyisthelackofagoodanimalmodelforhumanHIVinfections.”可知另外的一个困难是缺少好的动物模本进行HIV的测试。故B项同义，故B项正确。【43题详解】判断推理题。根据题干这kickandkill定位第四段最后一句“ThisaimstokickHIVoutofcellsthatactasareservoirandthenkillthevirus.”可知这种方法是在细胞外杀死病毒的。故C项正确。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段，investingmytimeintothestrategyoftesting,treatingandprevention可见researches对于prevent的信心。AB选项意思与原文相悖。C项错误，目标是使AIDS不再是publichealthrisk而不能彻底地去stoppingAIDS。故D项正确。DAstoutoldladywaswalkingwithherbasketdownthemiddleofastreetinPetrogradtothegreatconfusionofthetrafficandwithnosmalldangertoherself.Itwaspointedouttoherthatthepavementwastheplaceforpedestrians,batshereplied:“I，mgoingtowalkwhereIlike.We’vegotlibertynow.”Itdidnotoccurtothedearoldladythatiflibertyallowedthepedestriantowalkdownthemiddleoftheroad,thentheendofsuchlibertywouldbeuniversalchaos.Everybodywouldbegettingineverybodyelse’swayandnobodywouldgetanywhere.Individuallibertywouldhavebeesocialanarchy(无政府主义).Thereisadangeroftheworldgettinglibertydrunkinthesedaysliketheoldladywiththebaske