国际税收英语

课程讲义目录

Chapter1TaxandEconomy

Chapter2TaxAccounting

Chapter3KnowledgeofMajorTaxes

Chapter4InternationalTaxation

Chapter5Miscellaneous

Chapter1TaxandEconomy

Nowlet'scometoSection1

TaxationandEconomicPolicyofChapter1TaxandEconomy

Section1tellsusthateconomicgrowthistheprimarydriverofprosperityinthe

developedworldandisalsothemainfactorwhichiscapableofreducingpovertyinless

developedcountrieswithgoodtaxsystems.Yet,itisnotonlythecontributortoeconomic

we1fare.Otherfactorssuchaseducationemployment,health,security,incomedistribution

andtheenvironmentarealsoimportant.

TherearethreeobjectivesofTaxation:

1.Thetraditionalfunction:raiserevenuetofinancegovernmentexpenditurewhich

cannotbefinancedthroughothermeans.

2.Thedistributionalfunction:asaninstrumenttoalterthedistributionsofincome

andwealthamonghouseholds.

3.Thestabi1izationfunction:usestaxationtodampenthebusinesscycle.

Anyway,inpublicopinion,lesstaxisgenerallypreferred.Peoplewillaccepttaxation

whentherevenuesarespentonpopularitemssuchaseducationandhealth.Inaword,the

taxsystemaffectstheeconomyintheshortandlongrunsanditisalsostronglyinfluenced

bythegovernmentandpoliticaldebates.

LanguagePoints

1.anarrayof一批；一系列。array是名词，表示阵列、排列的意思。

Hethenaddsanarrayofnewtaxcutsforthoseatthebottomandmiddle.

他还增加了一系列的减税政策来帮助中层和底层的民众。

2.culminatein到达顶点;以..告终。

Everyonefearedthattheboundarydisputebetweenthesetwocountrieswouldculminate

inciwar.

人人都担忧这两国之间的边界争端将以战争告终。

3.Taxmoralityobviouslydifferspercountrybutgenerallyspeakingthereappearsto

bemoreacceptanceoftaxationwhentherevenuesarespentonpopularitemssuchaseducation

andhealth.税收道义显然因国家而异，但通常而言，如果税收收入用于群众工程，如教育和医疗，

那么征税更容易被接受。Per是一个介词，表示每一，每个，后面通常加计量名词，例如，perminute,

每分钟。

Icantype70wordsperminute,andtakedictationinEnglishat100wordsperminute.

我每分钟能打70个字，每分钟可用英文记录口授100字。

4.Forexample,anumberofAustralianpollsdemonstratedaclearhierarchyinthetypes

ofgovernmentspendingthatvotersprefershouldattracttaxpayermoney.例如，许多澳大

利亚民意调查说明，选民所偏好的各种政府支出类型存在一个明晰的层级结构。在这些层级上应该

吸收纳税人的资金。

此句中anumberofAustralianpolls是全句的主语,谓语动词demonstrated后接一个宾语

从句，宾语从句中的主语中心名词是hierarchy,其后接介词短语作状语，以及that引导的一个定

语从句，宾语从句中的谓语是shouldattract.

Exercises

Part1Words&Expressions

Pleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.

2.Regulationshouldenhancetheeffectivenessofcompetitivemarkets,notthem.

A)offsetB)impedeC)impactD)disguise

Part2ReadingComprehension---TrueorFalse

Basedontheartide,pleaseindicatewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)

orfalse(F).

2.Generallyspeaking,investorsareattractedtoinvestinthemarketswithhigh

rateofreturn.Thatiswhydevelopedcountriesexperiencedhigheconomicgrowththanless

developedcountriesinthe20thcentury.

Part3ReadingComprehension---Multiple-choice

Pleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenonthebasisol

thearticle.

3.Bysaying“Ifitmoves,taxit.Ifitkeepsmoving,regulateit.Andifitstops

movingsubsidizeit”,formerUSPresidentRonaldReaganimplies_____.

A)thereisnodoubtonthegovernmentroleineconomicpolicy

B)thegovernmentshouldnotoverseeeconomicactivities

C)thegovernmentinvolvementshouldnotbewidespreadbecauseitisnotalwaysin

theinterestsoftheeconomy

D)governmentwillfinditverydifficulttoplayapositiveroleinanintricateand

dynamiceconomicsystem

10.Whathavewelearnedaboutpublicopinionontax?

AJIncometaxisrelativelymoreequitablethanothertaxes.

B)Highincomecitizenspayincometaxbasedontheiractualwealth.

C)Taxrevenuesspentoneducationismoreacceptablebythepublic.

D)Taxrevenuesspentonunemploymentbenefitsismoreacceptablebythepublic.

Nowlet'scometoSection1(PartTwo)

TheOECDMemberCountriesataGlance

OECDmeansOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(经济合作与开展组

织).InEurope,governmentspendingconstitutedonaverage47.2%ofGDPin2005.Inthe

USit*s36.6%and38.2percentofGDPinJapan.In2006-2007,Nordiccountriessuchas

Finland,SwedenandDemarkrankedsecond,thirdandfourthintheglobalcompetitiveness

rankingoftheWorldEconomicForum,whilethegovernmentspendingratioexceeded50percent

ofGDPandthelevelsoftaxation45percentinaglobalizingworldwithincreasingcapital

mobilityandtaxcompetition,theeffectofhightaxesoncompetitivenesshasbecomemore

importantthaneverbefore.

Asforsocialmodels,theAnglo-Saxonmodel(IrelandandtheU.K)providerelatively

largesocialassistance,thecontinentalmodel(includingAustria,Belgium,France,

GermanyandLuxembourg)aretypicalofhighgovernmentinterferenceinaneconomyandrelay

oninsuranceandnon-employmentbenefitsandold-agepensions;theMediterraneanmodel

(includingGreece,Italy,Portugal,andSpain)istypicalofhighspendingonoldage

pension.

LanguagePoints

1.Agovernmentthatistoolargehasasuffocatingeffectontheeconomybyreducing

incentivestowork,killingtheentrepreneurialspiritandexacerbatingtheproblemof'free

riding*wherebypeoplethriveontheeffortsofothers.

政府规模过于庞大会降低工作积极性，扼杀企业家精神，加剧“免费搭车”效应，即个人凭借

他人的努力而成功，这会对经济产生抑制作用。

2.attestto-证明，证实。这是一个动词短语，后面通常接名词作宾语。

Hishandlingofthecrisisatteststohisstrengthofcharacter.

他对危机的处理证明了他性格坚强。

3.Sofar,progresshasbeendisappointing,whichcanbepartlyattributedtDahigh

labortaxburdeninmanyEUcountries,acolossalgovernmentbureaucracyandadministrative

burdenthatrestsonentrepreneurialactivityandinnovation.

迄今为止，工作进展并不尽如人意，这局部是由于在欧盟很多国家劳动力税负的提高，政府机

构严重的官僚主义，以及在企业经营和创新方面施加的沉重负担造成的。

attributeI。的含义是“归因于"、"归咎于"

Increasedurbanpollutionlevelsandthemountingdeathtollfrommotorvehicles

accidentscanmainlybeattributetotheglutofautemobilesappearingoncityroadsin

recentyears.

城市污染的增长和车祸中死亡率的增加主要是由于近年内充满城市道路的汽车。

4.ofthelastresort,最后的手段，前面通常加名词，例如，lenderofthelastresort

最后贷款人。

Butthedramaticfal1inimportssuggestthattheChinesecannotbereliedontobe

theconsumeroflastresort.

但目前进口的急剧下滑那么说明，中国人也无法成为最后的消费避风塘。

Exercises

Part1Words&Expressions

Pleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.

1.Theheatistolerableatnightbutduringtheday.

A)chokeB)suffocateC)duplicateD)sustain

Part2ReadingComprehension---TrueorFalse

Basedonthearticle,pleaseindicatewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)

orfalse(F).

4.Incurrentworldmarketconditions,alargegovernmenttendstobemore

successfulinpromotingeconomicdevelopmentofacountry.

Part3ReadingComprehension---Multiple-choice

Pleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenonthebasisof

thearticle.

4.WhichoftheflowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoGoldmanSachs?

A)ChinawillnotsurpasstheUSinGDPby2050.

B)IndiawillnotsurpasstheUSinGDPby2050.

C)thegrowthrateoftheUSwillbelowerthanthatofChinaandIndia.

D)theabsolutesizeoftheUSeconomywillbemaintainedby2050.

19.WhichoneistrueamongthefollowingstatementswithregardtotheLisbonAgenda?

A)ItresultsfromtheconcernofEuropeanleadersoverenvironmentalprotection.

B)ThevariableincludedintherankingisquiteidenticalwiththatoftheGlobal

CompetitivenessReport.

C)Ithadbeenprogressinginrecentyearsuntilitpausedduringtheglobalfinancial

crisisin2023.

D)Germanyisidentifiedasoneofthemostcompetitiveeconomymostlybecauseitscores

highonR&D,liberalization,networkindustriesandinnovation.

Nowlet'scometoSection1Part3

TaxDistortionsandtheCostofPublicFunds

Taxescausedistortionstoeconomicchoicesandthuscreateanexcessburden.Tax

distortionscanbeavoidedtechnicallyonlybyimposingalump-sumtax.Suchataximposes

afixedrateperindividual,butit'shardtojustifyonsocialandpoliticalgrounds.

Behavioralresponsescanhaveasignificantimpactonthefinalrevenueoutcome,both

inpositiveandnegativeways.Ataxcutmaybepartlyself-financingduetopositive

response.Ataxrisemayinducenegativebehavioralreactions.IRSdatashowedthatifin

1993personalincometaxmeasurehadnotbeenenacted,7.8%moretaxableincomewouldhave

beenreportedwiththeIRS.

Behavioralresponseformaninternalpartoftaxpolicymaking.Theyaccountforchanges

inlaborsupply,investmentandconsumerspendingaswel1asparticipationintaxavoidance

andevasionschemes.

LanguagePoints

1.Empirically,themagnitudeofthesebehavioralresponsesissomewhatundecided,but

evidencetendstoindicatethatincometaxreducesoveral1laborsupplymoderate!y,has

aslightnegativeeffectonsavingsandalargereffectoninvestment.

在具体实践中，这些行为反响的大小有些难以确定，但有证据说明，所得税在一定程度上减少

了劳动力供给总量，对储蓄有微小的影响，而对投资影响较大。

2.Indeed,afollow-upstudybasedonrealIRSdatashowedthathadthe1993personal

incomelaxmeasuresnotbeenenacted,7.8percentmoretaxableincomewouldhavebeen

reportedwiththeIRS.

实际上，一项对美国国内收入局(IRS)真实数据的跟踪研究说明，如果没有实施1993年的个

人所得税政策，在国内收入局申报的应税所得将提高7.8%。

本句中，…had…wouldhavebeenreported..是用了一个虚拟条件句作谓语动词showed的

宾语从句，表达一种与现实相反的假设情形。

Exercises

Part1Words&Expressions

Pleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.

1.Anexcessofinvestmentoversavingmeansrisingprices,and.

A)soonB)viceversa

C)onthecontraryD)nototherwise

Part2ReadingComprehension----TrueorFalse

Basedonthearticle,pleaseindicatewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)

02'false(F).

4.Taxdistortionscantechnicallybeavoidedonlybyimposingalump-sumtax.

Suchataximposesafixedrateperindividual,butishardtojustifyonsocialandpolitical

grounds.

Part3ReadingComprehension----Multiple-choice

Pleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenonthebasisof

thearticle.

2.Taxsystemmaydistortthefollowingchoicesexcept:.

A)investmentB)workandleisure

C)savingsD)consumptiondemand

17.Whatisnottheauthor*spointofviewwithregardtohightax?

A)Thereexistmoreopportunitiesandpossibilitiesfortaxavoidanceorevasionin

ahightaxsystem.

B)Withhightax,taxpayersaremoreinclinedtopaylesstaxthroughavoidanceor

evasion.

C)Principlesinincometaxplanningbasicallyinclude,takingadvantagesoftaxrate

differencesondifferenttypesofincome,ordeferralofpayingtaxes.

D)Tnhightaxsystem,taxpayersareencouragedtodisguisetheirwageincometoreduce

theirrealtaxburden.

21.ThroughtheexamplesofReaganandClintonadministrations,wemightcomeupwith

anconclusionthat.

A)behavioralresponsescanhaveasignificantimpactonthefinalrevenueoutcome

ofataxmeasureinnegativeways

B)theenactingof“jobprotection7'legislationandhighlong-termunemployment

benefitgaveincentivestotheimprovementoflabormarket

C)asaresultoftheUSTaxReformActof1986,taxableincomeofhouseholdsincreased

proportionallywithwhatthetaxcutamountedto

D)asaresultofClintonTstaxreform,theUSeconDmyfunctionedmuchlessefficiently

whi1elittleextrarevenuewascollected

Nowlet*scometosection1Part4

TheModelofCircularFlows

Taxesareplacedoneithertheincomesideorthespendingsideinaneconomy.

Ataxonconsumptionissimilartoataxonincomewhichexemptsthenormalreturnto

capital.Manytaxsystemsareinrealityareahybridofbothanincomeandaconsumption

tax.Thisisduetotheexistenceoftax-exemptsavingschemesandpensionplans.

Mosteconomiststodayagreethathightaxesaffecteconomicgrowthnegatively.

LanguagePoints

1.Usinganendogenousgrowthmodel,heinitiallyfoundthateliminatingthecapital

incometaxwouldincreasethecapitalstockby35percent.However,accountingfor

diminishingreturnstocapitaiandthefactthatsuchacapitalexpansionwouldentai1a

long-termreducedconsumptioninthetransitionalphase,leadstoatrivialoveralleffect

onwelfare.通过运用内生增长模型，他首先发现取消对资本征收所得税可以提高35%的货本总额，

但是，如果把资本收益递减，以及此类资本增加在过渡期内将导致消费氏时期缩减这些因素考虑在

内，那么产生的总的福利效应是很小的。

2.Thesizeandfunctionofgovernmenttoanimportantextentdeterminethelevelof

taxationandtaxesused,wnichallaffectsthebehavioroftaxpayersandtheeconomyas

awholebyimpingingontheincentivestoconsume,work,investandsave.Thetaxsystem

alsoinfluencesacountry*scompetitivenessrankingonworldmarkets.

政府的规模和功能在很重要的程度上决定了税收的水平和税种，这些都通过鼓励消费、工作、

投资和储蓄等方式在整体上对纳税人行为和经济产生了影响。

Impingeon含义是“影响，侵犯”。

例句：It'sanotherexanpleofhowtheworldcomestoimpingeonandcheingeourreading

experience.这是另一个有关生活如何改变我们阅读经验的例子。

Exercises

Part1Words&Expressions

Plecisechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.

2.Ataxthatcollectsthesameamountfromeverypersoniscalleda(n).

A)polltaxB)regressivetaxaggregateC)proportionaltax.D)equaltax

Part2ReadingComprehension----TrueorFalse

Basedonthearticle,pleaseindicatewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)

orfalse(F).

3.Generallyspeaking,VATismoredifficulttoevadethananincometaxdueto

theirdistinguishingfeatures.

Part3ReadingComprehension----Multiple-choice

PleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromIhefourchoicesgivenonthebasisof

thearticle.

7.Whichoneofthefollowingdistortionsresultedfromhightaxrateisnotmentioned

bytheauthor?

AJWorkerstendtoreducelaborsupply.

B)Moretaxpayersuselegalorillegalmeasurestopaylesstax.

C)Businessmentendtoshifttheirinvestmenttoforeigncountriesorjurisdictions

withlowtax.

D)Peopleincreasinglyembarkoncharityaffairsfortaxexemptiontreatment.

NowletJscometosection2Part1

TaxationofOutboundFDI(foreigndirectinvestment)

Thissectiontellsusthatargumentsforfavorabletaxtreatmentofoutboundforeign

directinvestmentoftenrefertothebenefitsofforegoingtaxrevenueonsuchinvestment.

PossiblehomecountrybenefitofFDIabroadcouldinvolveefficientaccesstoforeign

markets,productionscaleeconomiesleadingtoincreasednetdomesticincome.But

reductionsinnetdomesticincomefromdomesticjoblossandreducedtaxationwhereoutbound

FDIisasubstitutefordomesticinvestment,thusdomesticcorporateincometaxondomestic

profitcoulddecline.

Underexempttreatmentofforeigndividends,nohomecountrytaxwou1dbecollected

onforeignprofit.Underadividendcreditsystem,littleornohomecountrytaxwouldbe

collectedonforeignprofitwiththehomecountryprovisionofforeigntaxcreditsinrespect

offoreignhostcountrycorporateincometaxandwithholdingtax.Thusthecimountborrowed

tofundoutboundFDIcannotdeductagainstdomestictaxableincomeinterestpaid.

LanguagePoints

1.factorin…的因素；将纳入。

例句：Italsoseemstofactorinthecostoftheelectricity.

同时，电力本钱也似乎被列为考虑因素。

2.Whereforeignmarketsaremoreefficientlyreachedorfactorsofproductionare

accessedatlowercostthroughaforeignpresenceratherthanthroughexports,establishing

foreignoperationsmayalIDWcompaniestogrowandachieveeconomiesofscaleotherwise

notpossible.

通过设立外国机构而不是出口可以更高效地进入外国市场，或者以更低廉的本钱获取生产要素，

开展海外业务可以使公司成长并实现规模经济，此外别无他法。

3.Withvariabledomesticsavings,taxationbythehomecountryofforeignprofitsfrom

FDI,whichoperatestooffsetproductioninefficiencies(welfarelosses)causedwhenthe

taxburdenondomesticprofitexceedsthatonforeignprofit-introducesasavingsdistortion

andassociatedwelfarelosses.

随着国内储蓄的变化，母国对对外投资取得的境外利润的征税，当其税负低于对国内利润的征

税时，可以抵消生产的低效率(福利损失)。

4.Theseandotherformsoftaxplanningmayachieveeffectivetaxratesoninbound

FDIinhostcountryBthatmaydiffersignificantlyfromtheeffectivetaxrateforlocal

firmsincountryBowneddirectlybyresidentsofcountryB,andfromeffectivetaxrates

onprofitsofforeign-ownedcompetitionwhereparentcompaniesaresubjecttoeffective

i-deferral/anti-exemptionprovisions.

此类及其他方式的税收筹划，可能使所在国B对外资征税的实际税率与其对国内企业征税的实

际税率产生显著的差异，所称的这些国内企业，既包括B国居民直接持有的企业，也包括适用反延

迟/免税条款的母公司所持有的企业。

此句的结构特点是在tha:引导的一个定语从句中，出现了different..from..的短语，实际上

是由两个from加介词短语与different搭配的一个词法结构，句子后半句中出现的where壮语从

句修饰的是后一个from引导的介词也谙。

Exercises

Part1Words&Expressions

Pleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.

1.Thefuturewor1dwillbea_____ofhumanandmachinethatwillgeneratebetterand

fasterdecisionsanytime,anywhere.

A)hypothesisB)blendC)mixD)hybrid

Part2ReadingComprehension---TrueorFalse

Basedonthearticle,pleaseindicatewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)

orfalse(F).

2.WhereoutboundEDIsubstitutesfordomesticinvestment,domesticcorporate

incometaxondomesticprofitcoulddecline.

4.WithregardtothepolicydecisionsoverthetreatmentofoutboundFDI,the

effectoftaxplanningisnottakenintoconsiderationsinceitisnotmeasurable.

Part3ReadingComprehension---Multiple-choice

Pleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenonthebasisof

thearticle.

3.OutboundFDImaybenefithomecountryinthefollowingmannerexcept:.

A)increaseddomesticinvestment,domesticproductionandexports

B)productionscaleeconomies

C)acceleratingexports

D)expansionofforeignmarkets

11.Whichoftheflowingstatementsisnottrueaboutinternationalcompetitiveness

considerations?

A)ItismoreimportantthanotherconsiderationsconcerningoutboundFDIpolicy.

B)11callsforpreferentialtaxtreatmentonoutboundinvestment.

C)Itaimsatpromotingoutboundinvestmentbyusingtaxpolicyinstrument.

D)Itisnotcloselyrelatedtointernationaltaxpolicy.

21.Theauthorbelievesthattaxplanning_____.

A)complicatedthetaxpolicyandproductionefficiencydiscussionasitdistorted

actualtaxburdenbyoutboundFDIinvestors

B)willhavelittleimpactonbusinesscompetitivenessandproductionefficiency

C)playsaninsignificantroleintaxationovercross-borderinvestment

D)doesnotworkfortax-shelterpurposeunderdividendcreditsystem

Nowlet*scometosection2Part2

PolicyPerspectivesandPractices.

Thisparttellsustaxneutrality,(thisis)equivalenttaxtreatmentofreturnson

domesticandforeigninvestmentiscentraltotheadoptionofadividendcreditsystemto

taxtheprofitsofforeignsubsidiaries.

Whentaxingforeignprefitatthesamerateasdomesticprofit,residentinvestorsare

encouragedtostructureinvestmentplansonthebasisofbusinessconsiderationssoasto

maximizepre-taxratesofreturn.Atthesametime,internationalcompetitiveness

considerationsinfluencepolicyadjustmentstoagreaterorlesserextentbecausetheylean

towardsbusinessdemandsformorelenienttaxtreatmentofforeignincomc.Equivalent

treatmentofdomesticandforeignsourceincomerequirescurrenttaxationatthehome

countrycorporatetaxrateofpre-taxforeignprofit,bothdistributedandretainedabroad,

withfullreliefforhostcountrycorporateincometaxandwithholdingtaxappliedatsource.

Besidesthetaxtreatmentofforeigninterestandroyaltyincomemustbeconsideredwhen

comparingthetaxburdenonoutboundFDIanddomesticinvestment.

LanguagePoints

1.inlinewith符合;与--致。

The$200priceisinlinewithcurrentanalysts,expectationsafterspotpricessurged

to$220~$240atonne.

200美元的价格与分析师当前的预期一致，此前现货价格已飙升至每吨220-240美元。

2.Whileoftenoverlooked,taxneutralitybetweendomesticinvestmentandEDIrequires

currenttaxationatthehomecountrycorporaterateofforeigninterestandroyaltyincome

deductedatsource(againstforeignprofit)andpaidtoadomesticparentcompany(or

otherrelateddomesticaffiliate),combinedwithanoffsetforforeignwithholdingtax.

国内和境外投资之间的税收中性要求，对支付给国内母公司(或其他国内关联企业)的利息和

特许权使用费，在来源地可以扣除(冲减外国利润)，在母国应按公司所得税税率在当期缴税，而

关于这一点经常是被忽略的。

本句中的谓语动词是requires,后面是一个宾语加宾语补足语的结构,宾语补足语由介词at

加中心名词rate构成，其后又接了deducted和paid两个过去分词作定语修饰前面的中心名词，

而过去分词combinedwith结构修饰的是整个宾语加宾语补足语结构。

3.Theabilitytoapplyexcessforeigntaxcreditstooffsethomecountrytaxonforeign

royaltyincomemaymeaneffectivetaxratesonFI)1underadividendcreditsystemthatare

belowratesthatwouldapplyunderanexemptionsystem.

有能力通过超额外国税收抵免抵减母国对外国特许权使用费所得的征税，这意味着根据股息抵

免机制对外资征税的实际税率低于根据豁免机制的征税。

4.Thisrecognizesthatwhereaninvestor,freefromCFC-typcrulesinthehomecountry,

investsinahostcountrythroughanintermediatetaxhtivenfinancesubsidiary,profitpaid

outasinter-affiliateinterest(orthroughnon-arm*slengthinterestorroyaltycharges)

wou1dreducetheeffectivehostcountrytaxrateonhostcountryprofit,withthisincome

receivedtax-freebythefinancesubsidiary.

可以看出，当一个在母国不受CFC规那么管制的投资人，通过其在避税地设立的一个中间财务

了•公司对外投资时，被投资企业以关联企业间利息支付的方式将其利润支付出去(或通过非公平交

易利息或特许权使用费支付)，将减少被投资企业的利润在所在国的实际税负，而该笔所得在财务

公司方面是免税的。non-arm，slengthinterestorroyaltycheirges,指的是不按公平交易原那

么支付的利息或特许权使用费，而此类交易通常发生在关联企业之间。

Exercises

Part1Words&Expressions

Pleasechoosethemostappropriateanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.

4.InsomerespectstheIMFhasbeenremarkablyintheconditionsithasattached

totheloan.

A)marvelousB)lenientC)leniticD)stinet

Part2ReadingComprehension----TrueorFalse

Basedonthearticle,pleaseindicatewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)

orfalse(F).

7.Forcountrypui'suingforpuretaxneutrality,fullyequivalenttreatmen