艾滋病的危害

演讲人：日期：艾滋病的危害目录IntroductiontoAIDSPhysicalHealthHazardsofAIDSMentalHealthHazardsofAIDSSocialandEconomicImpactofAIDSPreventionandControlMeasuresforAIDS01IntroductiontoAIDSAIDS,orAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome,isasevereimmunesystemdisordercausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)DefinitionAIDSiscausedbytheHIVvirus,whichattacksanddestroystheCD4+Tcells,atypeofwhitebloodcellsthatiscriticaltohelpingthebodyfitoffinfectionCausesDefinitionandCausesofAIDSAIDSwasfirstrecognizedintheUnitedStatesin1981,althoughitisbelievedtohaveoriginatedinAfricaandwaslaterbrokentotheUSbyimmigrantsSincethen,ithasquicklyspreadtootherpartsoftheworldHistoryAIDShasbecomeaglobalpanel,affectingmillionsofpeopleworldwideItissignificantlyvalidinsubSaharaAfrica,butalsosignificantnumbersofcaseshavebeenreportedinAsia,Europe,andtheAmericasPrevalenceHistoryandPrevalenceofAIDSTransmissionHIVistransmittedthroughcontactwithinfectedbodyfluidssuchasblood,sex,vaginalsecrets,andbreastmilkThemostcommonmodesoftransmissionareunprotectedsequentialintercourses,sharingofcontiguousneedsorsymmetries,andfrommothertochildduringpregnancy,childbirth,orbreakfeedingBasicKnowledgeaboutHIV/AIDSSymptomsTheinitialinfectionwithHIVmaycauseflu-likesymptomssuchasfever,headache,andsoonHowever,thesesymptomsusuallyresolvewithinafewweeks,andthevirusthenentersalatephasewheretheremaybenosymptomsformanyyearsAstheinfectionprogressestoAIDS,symptomsmayincludeweightloss,fatigue,persistentfeverornightsweats,swollenlymphnodes,andopportunisticinfectionsBasicKnowledgeaboutHIV/AIDSPreventionandTreatmentThebestwaytopreventHIV/AIDSistoavoidexposuretothevirusthroughsafesexpractices,avoidingsharedneedsorsymmetries,andgettingtestedregularlyThereiscurrentlynocureforHIV/AIDS,buteffectivetreatmentsareavailablethatcanslowtheprogressofthediseaseandimprovethequalityoflifeforthoseaffectedBasicKnowledgeaboutHIV/AIDS02PhysicalHealthHazardsofAIDS123AIDSvirustargetsanddestructionCD4+Tcells,atypeofwhitebloodcellclinicalforimmunesystemfunctionConstructionofCD4+TCellsThelossofCD4+Tcellsweakensthebody'sabilitytofitoffinfectionsandissuesPaidImmuneResponseAweakenedimmunesystemleavesindividualswithAIDSvulnerabletoawiderangeofeffectsIncreasedRiskofEffectsImmuneSystemDamageOpportunisticEffects01AIDSpatientsareatincreasedriskofdevelopingOpportunisticEffects,whicharecausedbymicroorganismsthatdonotcommonlycausediseaseinhealthindividualsCommonOpportunisticEffects02SomeexamplesincludePneumocystispneumonia,tuberosity,andcryptococcalmeningitisSeverityofEffects03Theseeffectscanbesevereandlifethreading,specificallyifnottreatedpromptlyOpportunisticEffectsIncreasedRiskofCancerAIDSpatientshaveanincreasedriskofdevelopingcancertypesofcancer,suchasKaposi'ssarcomaandnonHodgkin'slymphomaAggressiveTumorsThesecancerstendtobemoreaggressiveanddifficulttotreatinAIDSpatientsduetotheirweakenedimmunesystemsPoorPrognosisThediagnosisforthesecancersisoftenpoor,withahigherriskofmoralitycomparedtothegeneralpopulationMalignantTumorsWeightlossandwastingAIDScancausesignificantweightlossandwasting,leadingtoaweakenedphysicalconditionandincreasingsusceptibilitytootherhealthproblemsNeurologicalComplicationsAIDScanalsoaffectthenervoussystem,causingsymptomssuchasfusion,memoryloss,anddiffusionconcentrationCardiovascularDiseaseAIDSpatientsmaybeatincreasedriskofdevelopingcardiovasculardiseaseduetochronicinflammationandotherfactorsassociatedwiththevirusRenalandHepaticDysfunctionAIDScanalsoleadtorenalandhepaticdysfunctions,causingfurthercomplicationsandincreasingtheriskofmoralityOtherPhysicalHealthProblems03MentalHealthHazardsofAIDSFearanduncertaintyaboutthefutureAIDScancauseintensivefearandanxietyaboutone'shealth,treatmentoptions,anddiagnosesStressandvocabularyaboutsigmaThesocialsigmaassociatedwithAIDScanleadtofeelingsofshare,gut,andworthlessness,whichcanexaggerateanxietydisordersImpactondailyfunctioningAnxietydisorderscaninterferewithdailyactivities,work,school,andrelationships,makingitdifficulttoscopewiththeaddedstressoflivingwithAIDSCompressionandAnxietyDisorders要点三SocialwithdrawalPeoplelivingwithAIDSmaywithdrawfromsocialactivitiesandrelationshipsduetofearofdiscrimination,rejection,ordisclosureoftheirstatus0102StigmaanddiscriminationAIDSrelatedsigmacanleadtofeelingsofisolation,loneliness,andexclusionfromsocietyImpactonrelationshipsThefearoftransmissionandsigmacantrainrelationshipswithfamily,friends,andpartners,leadingtofurtherisolation03SocialIsolationandStigmatizationSubstanceAbuseandSuicideRiskItiscriticaltoprovidesupportandinterventionforpeoplelivingwithAIDSwhoarestrugglingwithsubstanceuseorsuicalthoughtsNeedforsupportandinterventionSomepeoplelivingwithAIDSmayturntodrugsoralcoholtoscopewiththeemotionalandpsychologicaltollofthediseaseCopingthroughsubstanceuseThecombinationofphysicalillness,emotionalstress,andsocialisolationcanleadtoanincreasedriskofsuicideamongpeoplelivingwithAIDSIncreasedsuicideriskDepressionAIDScanleadtofeelingsofhopelessness,sadness,andloss,whichcancontributetothedevelopmentofdepressionPosttraumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)PeoplelivingwithAIDSmayexperiencePTSDasaresultoftraumarelatedtotheirdiagnosis,treatment,orsocialexperiencesCognitiveimplementationAIDScanaffectcognitivefunctions,leadingtoproblemswithmemory,concentration,anddecisionmakingNeedforpsychologicalcareItisimportanttoaddressthementalhealthneedsofpeoplelivingwithAIDSholistically,alongwiththeirphysicalhealthneedsOtherMentalHealthIssues04SocialandEconomicImpactofAIDSReducedworkparticipationAIDScanleadtolongtermIllnessandDeath,removingindividualsfromthelaborforceandreducingoverallproductivityIncreasedabsenteeismEvenwhenindividualswithAIDSareabletowork,theymayexperiencefrequentabsencesduetoillness,furtherreducingproductivityHighcostofreplacementWhenemployeeswithAIDSareunabletowork,companiesmayincursignificantcoststorecruit,train,andretainreplacementworkers010203LossofLaborForceProductivity010203IncrementaldemandformedicalservicesIndividualswithAIDSrequirefrequentmedicalcare,includinghospitalizations,treatments,andongingmonitoring,whichcantrainhealthcareresourcesRisinghealthcarecostsThecostoftreatingAIDScanbesignificant,bothforindividualsandforhealthcaresystems,leadingtoincreasedfinancialburdensLimitedaccesstocareInsomeregions,accesstoqualityhealthcareforindividualswithAIDSmaybelimited,furthercoveringtheborderonthehealthcaresystemIncrementedBurdenonHealthCareSystemsLossofparentalcareChildrenmayloseoneorbothparentstoAIDS,leavingthemorphanedandvulnerabletopower,single,andexplorationHousingabilityThelossofafamilymembertoAIDScanleadtohousingability,includingfinancialdifficulties,emotionaltrauma,andsocialisolationIncreasedriskofpowerHouseholdsaffectedbyAIDSmayfaceincreasedriskofpowerduetolossofincomeandhighmedicalexpensesOrphanedChildrenandVulnerableHouseholdsStigmaanddiscriminationAIDScancarryasignificantsocialstigma,leadingtodiscriminationagainstindividualswiththediseaseandtheirfamiliesReducededucationalopportunitiesChildrenaffectedbyAIDSmayhavelimitedaccesstoeducationduetoIllness,power,orsocialstigmaAffectedcommunitiesThesocialandeconomicsequencesofAIDScanripplethroughcommunities,affectingbusinesses,socialservices,andoverallcommunitywellbeingOtherSocialandEconomicConsequences05PreventionandControlMeasuresforAIDSEncourcingtheuseofconesandotherbarriermethodsduringsequentialintercoursesReducingthenumberofsequentialpartnersandavoidingconcurrentpartnershipsPromotingresistanceordelayofsexualactivityamongyoungpeopleEncodingregularscreeningforsequentiallytransmittedinfections(STIs)andtreatmentasnecessaryPromotingSafeSexPracticesIncreasingtheavailabilityofvolatilecirculationandtesting(VCT)servicesProvidingantiviraltherapy(ART)toeligibleindividualstosuppressHIVreplicationandimproveimmunefunctionEnsuringaccesstoessentialmedicinesandcommoditiesforthetreatmentofopportunisticinfe