浙江省宁波市余姚中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题 含解析

余姚中学2024学年第一学期期中考试高一英语学科试卷第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewoman’ssuggestionfortheman?A.Findsomeonetoreplacehim.B.Takeabreaknow.C.WaitforBen.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’mgoingtotakemylunchbreakrightnow.W:You’dbetternot.Benjustleftforhisbreak,andsomeoneneedstostayhereuntilhegetsback.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shewillpassthemansomesugar.B.Themanshouldn’thavemoresugar.C.Shewillmakesomecoffeefortheman.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Canyoupassmethesugar,please?W:Don’tyouthinkyou’vehadenoughsugarinyourcoffeethismorning?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenwillthespeakershaveicecream?A.Afterplayingsomegames.B.BeforeHaroldopenshispresents.C.AfterHaroldopenshispresents.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HappyBirthday,Harold!Comehereandblowoutthecandles,andthenwecanhavecakeandicecream.M:ButIwanttoopenmypresentsfirst.W:No,honey.We’regoingtodothisnow,OK?Wecanopenpresentsafterweplaysomegamesalittlelater.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhyisTracysohappy?A.Shehasreceivedherfavoritejournal.B.Shehaswonaprizeforherresearch.C.Shehasgotherarticlepublished.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Tracy,youlookveryhappy.Didyouwinaprize?W:Morethanthat!I’vejustreceivedthenewissueofthejournal,andyouknow,myarticleisinit.M:Oh,great.Itmustbethearticleonclassroomresearch,Iguess.Congratulations!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aninterestingfilm.B.Somehistorybooks.C.Theiractivitieslastnight.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Whatdidyoudolastnight?W:Iwenttothelibrarytoborrowsomebooksonhistory.Whataboutyou?M:Istayedathomeandwatchedfilmsfortheentirenight.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.Thelibrary. B.Themovietheater. C.Theman’shouse.7.Whatisthemanlike?A.Indifferent. B.Warm-hearted. C.Humorous.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Areyoulookingforsomething?W:I’mtryingtofindthelibrary.M:Icanhelpyoufinditifyouwant.W:Iwouldlikethat.M:Doyouknowwherethemovietheateris?W:Yeah,Iknowwherethatis.M:You’llfindthelibraryrightaroundthecorner.W:Areyouserious?M:Yes,youcan’tmissit.W:Iknowexactlywhereitisnow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.What’sthemandoing?A.Applyingforajob. B.Askingforhelp. C.Showingtheway.9.Whatleveldoesthemanmostlyteach?A.Alllevels. B.Beginners. C.Advanced.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Goodafternoon.Areyouthedirectoroftheskischool?W:Yes,that’sright.M:Hi,I’mCraigJohnson.W:Hi,Craig.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:I’dliketoapplyfortheskiinstructorjob.W:Okay,good.Pleasetakeaseat.M:ThanksW:Sotellme,Craig,whatlevelsdoyouteach?M:Alllevels,butmostlybeginners.W:Okay.Andhowlonghaveyoubeenteachingskiing?M:Thiswillbemysecondwinterteaching.W:Hmm…Well,Craig,theworkdaystartsatfiveinthemorning.There’salotofworktodobeforeclassesstart.Isthataproblemforyou?M:No,that’sfine.W:Doyoulivenearhere?M:Yes,I’mjustthreekilometersaway.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inanetbar. B.Atthewoman’soffice. C.Attheman’sapartment.11.Howmuchdidthewomanpayforherharddrive?A.$200. B.$300. C.$350.12Whatdothespeakersagreewith?A.Harddrivesaremoreexpensive.B.Technologykeepsimproving.C.Peopledependtoomuchoncomputers.【答案】10.C11.A12.B【解析】【原文】W:Wow,yourplaceismessy.Whydon’tyoucleanupabit?M:Yeah,Iwill.I’vejustbeenspendingallmytimeattheofficelately.Anyway,letmeshowyouthatvideoIeditedonThursday.It’sonmylaptop.W:Hey,what’sthis?M:That’smynewharddrive.IjustordereditonWednesdayanditwasdeliveredhereonFriday.It’sgotabouttentimesasmuchstorageasmycomputer.W:Wow,whydoyouneedsomuch?M:IdoalotofshootingwithmyHDvideocamera.Allthattakesupalotofdiskspace.Anyway,thisharddrivewasonly300dollars.W:Really?That’sprettycheap.Justthreeyearsago,Iboughtaprettysmallharddrive,anditcost200dollars.M:Well,that’stechnologyforyou.IrememberthefirstharddriveIeverbought.Ithinkitwasaboutsevenyearsago.Itcost350dollarsatthetimeanditdidn’thaveverymuchstorageatall.Anditwasreallyhugeandheavy.W:It’samazing.Allthesethingswebuytodayseemsooldafterjustafewyears.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.WhatdoesNathanhavetowritedownfirst?A.Hisfamilyhistory.B.Hiseducationalbackground.C.Hispersonalinformation.14.WhydoesNathansayheisintrouble?A.Hegotfiredfromhislastjob.B.Hehasneverhadarealjobbefore.C.Hehasneverfilledoutanapplicationbefore.15.WhomightMr.Nelsonbe?A.Ateacher. B.Nathan’sneighbor. C.Jenny’sfather.16.WhatcanwelearnaboutNathan?A.Hewenttocollegein2010.B.Heusedtowalkhisneighbor’sdog.C.Heisstillahighschoolstudent.【答案】13.C14.B15.A16.C【解析】【原文】M:Canyouhelpmefilloutthisform,Jenny?W:Sure.What’sitfor,Nathan?M:I’mapplyingforajobattheDVDstoredownthestreet.ThisisthefirsttimethatI’vehadtofilloutaformlikethis.W:Well,thefirstthingtowritedownisyourpersonalinformationatthetop.M:OK,that’sprettyeasy.Whataboutthissectionhere?W:Youshouldwritedownyourhighschool’sinformationfirst,sincethatisthemostrecent.Andremembertoputdown“2010—Present”sinceyou’restillgoingthere.M:Whataboutmymiddleschoolandelementaryschool?W:Youcouldputdownyourmiddleschool,butIdon’tthinkyouneedtogoallthewaybacktofifthgradeforthisjobapplication!M:Ha-ha,OK!Uh-oh…“PreviousJobExperience”.I’mintroublenow.W:Don’tworry.Rememberwhenyouusedtowatchtheneighbor’skidsontheweekends?Youcanputthatdown.M:Oh,really?Cool!Now,thelastsection…CanIputyoudownasapersonalreference?W:I’dbehappytodothat,butIthinktheywillwantsomeoneolderthanyou,likeateacheroraparent…Whydon’tyouaskMr.Nelson?Youwerehisfavoritestudent.M:Goodidea.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhatdoesthedragontraditionallysymbolizeinChina?A.Evil. B.Intelligence. C.Fire.18.Wheredidthelegendofthedragonoriginate?A.TheMiddleEast. B.SoutheastAsia. C.WesternEurope.19.Whydidpeopleusetobelieveindragons?A.BecauseoftheBible.B.Becausetheyreallyexisted.C.Becauseofthepresenceofdinosaurbones.20.WhatisafeatureoftheRussiandragon?A.Ithasnolegs. B.Ithastwowings. C.Ithasthreeheads.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.C【解析】【原文】DidyouknowthatdragonshavebeenpopularlegendsinbothEuropeandAsiaforover3000years?ThereisamentionofadragonintheBible,butitisassociatedwithevilandconsideredtobethedevil.Ontheotherhand,inChina,thedragonisstillasymbolofintelligenceandpower.ButtheimageofthedragonintheEastandWestwasinfluencedbyhundredsofyearsofcontactbetweenAsiaandEurope,anddragonscametohavesomesimilarities.ItisbelievedthatdragonswerefirstimaginedintheancientMiddleEast.Infact,thereusedtobeatimewhenpeopleevenbelievedthattheyreallyexisted.Peopleusedtothinkthatdinosaurbonesweredragonbones.Itisnotclearwhenpeoplebegantothinkthatdragonscouldbreathefire,butbothEuropeanandAsiadragonshavebeenpaintedashavingthatcapability.TheChinesedragondoesnothavelegsorwingsliketheEuropeandragon.TheRussiandragonisoftenshownashavingthreeheads.Dragonsarestillquitepopularandcanbeseeninmanymoviesandtelevisionprograms.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共19小题;每小题2.5分，满分47.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AHiddenLondon:theExhibitionVisitan“abandoned”TubestationunderworldanddiscoverwhatsecretsarehiddenbeneathourbusystreetsinournewHiddenLondonexhibitionatLondonTransportMuseum!HiddenLondon:theExhibitiontakesyouonajourneyofsomeofLondon’smostsecretspacesintheworld’soldestundergroundsystem.These“forgotten”partsoftheTubenetworkhaveincrediblestoriestotellaboutBritain’swartimepast.Youcanenjoythelargestnumberofrarephotosandobjectsfromdisusedstationsthathavebeenbroughttogetherinonelocation.DiscoverstoriesabouthowChurchilltookshelterattheheightoftheBlitzdeepundergroundatDownStreetstation.SeehowshelterersliveddownatClaphamSouthstation,wheretheysleptandhowtheykeptentertained.YoucanalsoexploreotherlocationsthatwehaverecreatedinourGlobalGallery,includingthehistoricabandonedtickethallatAldwychstationwithanoriginal1930sticketoffice.Theexhibitionuncoverswhythese“lost”partsoftheundergroundnetworkexist.Changesinpopulation,economicprioritiesandpoliticalpressureshaveallledtospacesbeingabandoned.Buttheyrarelystaythatway.WhilesomesectionsoftheTubesystemlie“forgotten”,manyhavebeenrepurposedfornewactivitiesandareusedforspecialHiddenLondontours,growingsaladleaves,andforfilminglocations,includingCharingCross,whichfeaturedinSkyfall(2012).AdmissionCharges:ChildTicket:FREEAdultTicket:£16.50perticketReducedTicket:£15.50perticketReducedpriceappliestoseniorcitizens(60+)andvisitorswithdisabilities.OpeningTimes:Everyday:10:00-18:00Lastentry:17:00Address:39WellingtonStreet,CoventGarden,London21.Whatcanvisitorsdoattheexhibition?A.Admireacollectionofphotos. B.Buyticketsinadesertedhall.C.Growvegetablesunderground. D.Liveashelteredlifeinwartime.22.Whichstationwasusedasafilmset?A.Aldwych. B.DownStreet. C.CharingCross. D.ClaphamSouth.23.Howmuchshouldakidwithgrandparentsbothaged57payfortheadmission?A.£31 B.£33 C.£46.5 D.£49.5【答案】21.A22.C23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是HiddenLondon展览的相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Youcanenjoythelargestnumberofrarephotosandobjectsfromdisusedstationsthathavebeenbroughttogetherinonelocation.(你可以在一个地方欣赏到大量来自废弃车站的珍贵照片和物品)”可知，参观者在展览会上可以欣赏到大量的照片。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段的“WhilesomesectionsoftheTubesystemlie“forgotten”,manyhavebeenrepurposedfornewactivitiesandareusedforspecialHiddenLondontours,growingsaladleaves,andforfilminglocations,includingCharingCross,whichfeaturedinSkyfall(2012).(虽然地铁系统的一些部分被“遗忘”了，但许多已经被重新用于新的活动，用于特殊的HiddenLondon之旅，种植沙拉叶，以及作为拍摄地点，包括《007：大破天幕杀机》（2012）中的查令十字)”可知，CharingCross被用作电影布景。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据AdmissionCharges:部分的“ChildTicket:FREE(儿童票：免费)”，“AdultTicket:£16.50perticket(成人票：每张16.50英镑)”，“ReducedTicket:£15.50perticket(优惠票：每张15.50英镑)”和“Reducedpriceappliestoseniorcitizens(60+)andvisitorswithdisabilities.(优惠价适用于60岁以上老年人和残疾游客)”可知，一个孩子和都是57岁的祖父母应该付的钱是£16.50*2=£33。故选B。BIwasscaredwhenaloudnoiseinmyapartmentwokemeinthemiddleofthenight.Irushedtoturnonmybedroomlightanddiscovereditwasacat.Here’sthething—Idonothaveacat.Andthiswasnotthefirsttimethisparticularcathaddemandedmyattention.Iimmediatelycalmeddownandrealizedmyerror—Ihadleftawindowopen.Iapproachedtoentertainmyhouse-guestbygivinghersometreatsandascratchunderhercollar(颈圈).Likesomanyothers,Ishiftedfromworkinginanofficetoworkingfromhome.Livingalonecanbeisolatingatthebestoftimes.Itwasaroundtheone-monthmarkofthelockdownwhenIheardameowoutsidemywindow.Sittingoutsideonthegrasswasalong-haired,golden-coloredcat.Iopenedthewindow,andthisbeautifulcatjumpedintomyhome.Hershortvisitbrightenedmyday.Afewdayslater,Iheardafamiliarmeow.Isawanametagonhercollar:Mika.Onthissecondvisit,IalsonoticedMikawascross-eyed,whichonlymadehermorelovely.Overthenextfewweeks,Mikawouldstopbyoccasionally.Sometimes,sheonlystayedforafewminutes;othertimes,shewouldwanderaroundmyapartmentmuchlonger.Eachvisitbrightenedme.Mikaevenhelpedmeconnectwithsomenewneighbors,whoaskedifMikawasmycat.Apparently,Mikavisitedthemaswell.Whilethelockdownhasbeenawful,IsuspectImightnothaveevermetMikaifithadnothappened.Butperhapsshecamebyatthistimebecauseshesensedaneedforconnectiononmypart.Whiledogsaresaidtobeman’sbestfriend,agoodcatcanbeeveryone’sbestfriend.24.Whatdoweknowaboutthecatfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Sheusedtogooutatnight. B.Sheenteredthroughthewindow.C.Sheannoyedtheneighborsbadly. D.Shelikedtheauthor’streatsparticularly.25.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelduringthelockdown?A.Lonely. B.Mad. C.Heart-broken. D.Absent-minded.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph7referto?A.Theopenwindow. B.Thelockdown.C.Aneedforconnection. D.Astaywithnewneighbors.27.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressthroughthetext?A.Helivesanunusuallife. B.Helongsforaharmonioussociety.C.Keepingcatsisrewarding. D.Befriendingnicecatsisworthwhile.【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在疫情期间与一只名叫Mika的猫咪意外相遇，并因此获得了慰藉和快乐的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Irushedtoturnonmybedroomlightanddiscovereditwasacat.(我急忙打开卧室的灯，发现是一只猫)”以及第三段“Iimmediatelycalmeddownandrealizedmyerror—Ihadleftawindowopen.(我立刻冷静下来，意识到我的错误——我留了一扇窗户开着)”可知，这只猫是通过开着的窗户进入屋里的。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Livingalonecanbeisolatingatthebestoftimes.Itwasaroundtheone⁃monthmarkofthelockdownwhenIheardameowoutsidemywindow.(独自生活即使在最好的时候也是孤立的。大约是在封锁一个月的时候，我听到了窗外有喵喵叫声)”可推知，在封锁期间，作者感到孤独。故选A。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据第七段“Whilethelockdownhasbeenawful,IsuspectImightnothaveevermetMikaifithadnothappened.(尽管疫情封城很糟糕，但是我觉得如果不封城的话，我可能就不会遇到Mika.)”可知，作者认为疫情封城给他的生活带了很多不便，但却让他遇到了这只名为Mika的猫。故it应当指代疫情封城的政策。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段“Whiledogsaresaidtobeman’sbestfriend,agoodcatcanbeeveryone’sbestfriend.(虽然狗被认为是人类最好的朋友，但一只好的猫咪也可以成为每个人最好的朋友)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在疫情期间与一只名叫Mika的猫咪意外相遇，她与友善的猫咪建立友谊是非常值得的。故选D。CIfyoucouldtravelintime,wherewouldyougo?PerhapsyouwouldwatchaperformanceofaShakespeare’splayinElizabethanEngland?WhatabouthangingoutwithLaoziintheSpringandAutumnPeriod?Ormaybeyou’dvoyagefaraheadofthepresentdaytoseewhatthefutureholds.Thepossibilityoftimetravelisindeedattractive.Storiesexploringthesubjecthavebeenaroundforhundredsofyears.Perhapsthebest-knownexampleissciencefictionnovelTheTimeMachine,writtenbyH.G.Wellsandpublishedin1895.Itwasadaptedintoatleasttwofeaturefilmsofthesamename,aswellastwotelevisionversions,andalargenumberofcomicbookadaptations.Itisgenerallycreditedwiththepopularizationoftheconceptoftimetravelusingavehiclethatallowsanoperatortotravelpurposefullyandselectively.Theterm“timemachine”,coinedbyWells,isnowuniversallyreferredtoavehicletransportingpeopleintothefarfuture.Butcouldtimetravelactuallybepossible?Somescientistssayyes,intheory.Theyproposeusingcracksintimeandspacecalled“wormholes”,whichcouldbeusedasshortcutstootherperiods.Einstein’stheoryofrelativityallowstimetravelinextremeconditions.AndStephenHawkingsaysyoucouldtravelintothefuturewithareallyfastspaceship,goingatnearlythespeedoflight.Thoughbuildingsuchaspaceshipwouldn’tofcoursebesimple.Evenifyoucouldtravelintothepast,thereissomethingcalledthe“grandfatherparadox”.Itaskswhatwouldhappenifatimetravelerweretogobackintimeandhavehisowngrandfatherkilledforsomereason,andthereforepreventhimselffrombeingborn.Ifthetimetravelerwasn’tborn,howwouldhetravelbackintime?Andwouldyoureallyliketovisitthefuture?InH.G.Wells’book,themaincharactertravelsintodistanttimewherehearrivesatabeachandisattackedbygiantcrabs.Hethenvoyages30millionyearsintothefuturewheretheonlylivingthingisablackobjectwithtentacles.Ifthat’swhat’sinstore,maybewearebetterjustlivinginthepresentdayafterall.28.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.TheTimeMachineisoneofthebestsellingsciencefictionnovels.B.Therearefilms,comicbooksanddramasadaptedfromthenovelTheTimeMachine.C.WorksofLiteratureabouttimetravelfirstappearedonehundredyearsago.D.ItwasH.G.Wellswhoinventedtheterm“timemachine”.29.Einstein’sandHawking’stheories________.A.suggestthepossibilityoftimetravelB.havebeenprovedwrongbysometimetravelersC.havesimilaritiesbecausebotharebasedonexperimentsD.havepushedtheinventionofthefirstspaceship30.InParagraph4,“grandfatherparadox”probablyreferstotheideathat________.A.thereunionofthetravelerandhisgrandfatherbringshappinessB.thegrandfather’sdeathmakesthetraveler’sbirthimpossibleC.thetravelergoesbackintimetoseekforhisgrandfatherD.thetravelerispreventedfrommeetinghisgrandfather31.Accordingtothepassagewhatisprobablytheauthor’sattitudetowardstimetravel?A.Indifferent. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。人类一直对时间旅行很感兴趣。从理论上来说，且根据一些科幻书籍以及科学家所说，时间旅行是可以的。但是，从另一个角度而言，时间旅行未必是好事。因此作者认为我们还是生活在现在的好。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theterm“timemachine”,coinedbyWells,isnowuniversallyreferredtoavehicletransportingpeopleintothefarfuture.(“时光机”这个词是威尔斯创造的，现在被普遍用来指一种把人送到遥远未来的交通工具)”可知，D选项“是H.G.Wells发明了“时间机器”这个术语”正确。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Butcouldtimetravelactuallybepossible?(但是时间旅行实际上是可能的吗？)”，接下来举了爱因斯坦和霍金的例子“Einstein’stheoryofrelativityallowstimetravelinextremeconditions.AndStephenHawkingsaysyoucouldtravelintothefuturewithareallyfastspaceship,goingatnearlythespeedoflight.(爱因斯坦的相对论允许在极端条件下进行时间旅行。斯蒂芬·霍金说，你可以乘坐一艘非常快的宇宙飞船，以接近光速的速度进入未来)”可知，霍金和爱因斯坦的理论表明了时间旅行的可能性。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Evenifyoucouldtravelintothepast,thereissomethingcalledthe“grandfatherparadox”.Itaskswhatwouldhappenifatimetravelerweretogobackintimeandhavehisowngrandfatherkilledforsomereason,andthereforepreventhimselffrombeingborn.Ifthetimetravelerwasn’tborn,howwouldhetravelbackintime?(即使你能穿越到过去，也存在所谓的“祖父悖论”。它问的是，如果一个时间旅行者回到过去，他的祖父因为某种原因被杀，从而阻止了自己的出生，会发生什么。如果时间旅行者没有出生，他怎么能回到过去呢？)”可知，“grandfatherparadox”提出的观点就是：祖父死亡导致时间旅行者无法出生。故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifthat’swhat’sinstore,maybewearebetterjustlivinginthepresentdayafterall.(如果这是未来可能发生的事，也许我们最好还是活在当下)”结合第四段提到“祖父悖论”使得时间旅行有可能不能实现；第五段以H.G.威尔斯的书为例，表明即使回到过去也有可能遭遇险境，可推知，作者对时间旅行持怀疑态度，故选C。DNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody'sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalyzecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(节奏)infemalemice.Thebody'scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPER1andcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“retainedanapparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage."Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管)functionbythecircadianclock,"theresearcherswrote.32.Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?A.Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.B.Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactsnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.33.Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.34.Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“retained”inparagraph3?A.treated. B.warned. C.kept. D.watched.35.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Oneclockgeneisimportant B.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.Newstudyanalyzesbloodpressurerhythms D.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight【答案】32.D33.B34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.”（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.”（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.”（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，此句研究结果与前句表示对比，前句表示在低盐和高盐的饮食中，两组小鼠的血压保持明显的昼夜节律，推测划线单词表示“保持”，与kept同义。故选C项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological（circadian）clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.”（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.”（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。EHaveyoueverdonesomethingforsomeoneelse—knowingthatyouractionswouldsolelybenefitTHEMandnotYOU?Maybeyouopenedadoorordonatedbloodorvolunteeredinahospital’sERduringthepandemic.Thisiscalledaprosocialbehavior.Humansengageinthesetypesofbehaviorsallthetime.Butaquestionremainsinscience:Arewetheonlyspecieswhodothis?Asoneofoutclosestrelatives,chimpanzeeshavelongbeenstudiedforsignsofthis.Sofar,researchhasprovidedmixedresultsonthequestion.Somestudiesshowthatchimpscooperativelyhunt,sharefoodandcomforteachother.Butonestudycametoaverydifferentconclusion.Thestudyusedacontrolledlabexperimentwherechimpanzeesinenclosuresweregiventwooptions:pushabuttontogivefoodtothemselvesorpushthebuttontogivefoodtothemselvesANDapartnerchimp.Iftheychosethelatter,itwasseenasaprosocialbehavior.Buttheresultisthatchimpsshowednospecialpreferencesforfeedingthemselvesandafriendoverfeedingjustthemselves.AnotherstudyconductedbyDeTroy,however,discoveredatotallydifferentresult.Comparedtopreviouscontrolledlab-basedexperiments,thesetupforDeTroy’sresearchwasverynaturalistic.“Weinstalledabuttonandafountainintothechimpanzees’outerenclosures.Whenanindividualpushesthebutton,itreleasesjuicefromthefountain.However,sincethebuttonandfountainareapproximatelyfivemetersapart,theindividualpushingcannotdirectlydrinkfromthefountain.Andifanyotherchimpanzeesareatthefountainwhenthebuttonispushed,they,andnotthepusher,willbeabletodrinkthejuice.Inthisexperiment,chimpanzeesshowedawillingnesstoactintheinterestofothers,withindividualchimpanzeespreparedtopushthebuttonwithoutbenefitingthemselves.“Itisreallyfascinatingtoseethatmanyofthechimpanzeeswerewillingtoprosociallyprovidevaluableresourcestothegroupmemberseveniftheycouldn’tbenefitthemselvesfromtheirbehavior.”saidDeTroy.Furtherresearchmayrevealwhatliesbehindtheirprosocialmotivation.Butfornow,it’ssafetoassumethatchimpanzeesarenotsimplyapinghumanbehavior.36.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoprosocialbehaviors?A.Jackparticipatedinvoluntaryworkinthelibraryjusttoearncredits.B.Markturnedtohisclassmateforhelpwhenfeelingstressfulinstudy.C.Timguidedalostchildbackhomeonhiswaytoanimportantjobinterview.D.Roseofteninterruptedtheteachertoaskquestionsactivelyinthemath’sclass.37.Whatisthetaskofthechimpanzeesinthelab-basedstudy?A.Sharingfood. B.Makingachoice.C.Comfortingothers. D.Showingsympathy.38.HowisDeTroy’sstudydifferentfromthepreviousones?A.Itwasbasedoncontrolledlabexperiment.B.Itgavejuicetothechimpanzeesasareward.C.Itofferedthetestedchimpanzeesanaturalsurrounding.D.Itprovidedachanceforchimpanzeestohelptheirpartners.39.WhatcanwelearnfromDeTroy’squotes?A.Chimpanzeescandevelopabilitiestohelpothers.B.Chimpanzeeshaveacquiredmanyhumanbehaviors.C.Chimpanzeesinthewildisclevererthanthoseinthelab.D.Chimpanzeesdisplayedprosocialbehaviorsforcertainrewards.【答案】36.C37.B38.C39.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亲社会行为的概念和两个研究黑猩猩是否有亲社会行为的实验。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Haveyoueverdonesomethingforsomeoneelse—knowingthatyouractionswouldsolelybenefitTHEMandnotYOU?(你是否曾为别人做过什么事——明知你的行为只会让他们受益，而不会让你自己受益？)”和“Thisiscalledaprosocialbehavior.(这被称为亲社会行为)”可知，亲社会行为是指明知你的行为只会让他们受益，而不会让你自己受益的情况下为别人做事的行为，所以选项C“蒂姆在去参加一个重要的工作面试的路上领着一个迷路的孩子回家。”是亲社会行为。故选C。【37题详解】细