侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆英语导游词

侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆英语导游词TheMemorialHalloftheVictimsInNanjingMassacreByJapaneseInvadersLadiesandgentlemen,onthewaytoTheMemorialHalloftheVictimsInNanjingMassacreByJapaneseInvaders,I’dliketotellyousomethingaboutitshistoricalbackground.OnSept18th,1931,Japanesestartedawell-preparedwarofaggressiontoChina,JapanesetroopsoccupiedthreeprovincesofnortheastChinawithinfivemonths.AkeymomentcameonJuly7th,1937.TheJapanesetroopswerecarryingouttrainingexercisesnearWanping,astrategicallyimportanttownoutsideBeijing.TheydeclaredthatoneoftheirsoldierswasmissingandassumedthattheChinesearmymighthavecapturedhimandsodemandedasearchforhiminWanpingtown,buttheChinesesiderefusedandsaidtheywoulddothesearchingthemselves.Takingthisasanexcuse,theJapanesearmyattackedtheChinesearmyandtheChinesearmyfoughtback.Thebattletookplaceatabridgeleadingtothetown.ThisiscalledLugouBridgeorMarcoPoloBridgeIncident,whichmarkedthebeginningofafull-scaleinvasionofChinabytheJapanese.AfterBeijingfell,theyoccupiedShanghaionNovember12th,thenmarchedtowardNanjing,thecapitaloftheRepublicofChina,GeneralTangShengzhiledthenationalrevolutionaryarmytodefendthecitybutendedinfailure.Thisisknownasthe“DefendingBattleofNanjing”.OnDec13,1937,theJapanesearmyoccupiedNanjingandduringthefollowingsixweekstheystartedabloodymassacreinthecity.About300,000innocentciviliansandunarmedChinesesoldierswerebrutallyslaughteredinmassorbyindividualbeheadingsinthekillingraces.Somewereburiedorburnedalive.Morethan20,000womenwererapedandmanyofthemwerethenkilled.ThememorialhallstandsonthesiteofthemassacreatJiangdongGateduringtheNanjingMassacre.Itwasbuiltin1985,andwasexpandedfirstfrom1994to1995,andthenfrom2005to2007.ThenewmemorialhallwascompletedandopenedtothepubliconDecember13,2007,whichwasthe70thanniversaryoftheNanjingMassacre.Thememorialconsistsoffourparts,namelytheassemblyground,theexhibitionhall,thesiteofthemassacreandthePeacePark.Thenewhallisshapedlikethebowofashipthatriseshighabovetheground,representing‘theShipofPeace’.Itsprofilelookslikeabrokensaber.Seenfromabove,itresemblesaswordturnedintoaplowshare.ThenewhallwasdesignedbyarchitectHeJingtangfromSouthChinaUniversityofTechnologywhiletheoldonebyarchitectQiKangfromSoutheastUniversity.Bothdesignsaredistinctiveinstyleandinnovation.Nowyoucanseeagroupofcoppersculptures,theonethatstandsmorethantenmetershighintheeastisnamedARuinedFamily,whichshowsaheartbrokenmotherholdingherdeadchildkilledintheNanjingMassacre.ThissculptureinfrontofusisnamedTheCryoftheSpirits.ThewholesculptureconveysasenseofthepowerofjusticeandtheresistanceoftheChinesenation.HereistheAssemblySquare.CitizensofNanjingassemblehereonDecember13everyyeartomournoverthevictimsandprayforpeace.Attheotherendisthebowof‘theShipofPeace’composedofsteps.ThewallinthedistanceiscalledtheWallofCalamity.Carvedontheblackgranitearethewords‘Victims300,000’in12languagesincludingChinese,English,Japanese,German,Portuguese,Greek,Dutchandothers.TotheeastoftheWallofCalamityisacross-shapedmonumentthatbearstheArabiannumbers1937.12.13-1938.1,indicatingthesixweeksofNanjingMassacre.TherubblestonesunderitindicatethatthememorialhallwasbuiltabovetheMassGraveoftheMassacre.Hereisanothersculptureintheshapeofabellframe,whichsignifies‘the300,000fallenpeople’.Threeblacktriangularprismsandfivebrownishredcirclesformthenumber300,000,andthreeblackhorizontalbeamsinthemiddlegivetheshapeoftheChinesecharacterfor‘people’.HungontheframeistheBellofPeace,whichwasdonatedbytheoverseasChineseinJapan.CarvedonthebellarepicturesandwordsabouttheNanjingMassacre.ItsChinesenameBellofPeacewaswrittenbyQiGong,HonoraryChairmanoftheChineseAssociationofCalligraphers.ThebellissoundedonDecember13everyyear.NowwecometotheExhibitionHallofHistoricalRecords.OnthefirstfloorisAHumanHolocaust:HistoricalFactsoftheNanjingMassacreandonthesecondfloorisTheVictoryin1945.Pleasegoontovisitthehall.Inordertomaintainsolemnityinsidethehall,tourguidesarenotallowedtospeakloudly,sopleasereadtheEnglishintroductionsbyyourselvesThissectionisaboutJohnRabe,aGermanbusinessmanwhohelpedChineseciviliansbysettingupNankingSafetyZone.Thisrespectablegentlemanisknownas“SchinderinChina”.Therowsoffolderskeeptherecordsofthevictims.Nowwecometothestatuecomplex.Thisisthe“FootprintsoftheWitnessesofHistory”.Itis40meterslongand1.6meterswide.Thefootprintscomefrom222survivorsoftheMassacre.Onthebackofthestatuesofthesurvivors,thereisalongpoemonthebronzewallcalled“WildSnow”.WrittenbyChinesemilitarypoetMr.WangJiuxin,thepoemnarratesandaccusesthecrimescommittedbytheJapaneseinvaders.ThisisthebronzestatueoftheAmericanChineseZhangChunruorIrisChangasherEnglishname.Sheisthewriterofthefamousbook“theRapeofNanking,theForgottenHolocaustofWorldWarII”.HereistheinscriptioninChinese“NanjingMassacreMemorial”carvedonthefrontstonewallwithDengXiaoping’shandwriting.Nowyoucansee17stonetabletsstandingonbothsidesofthealleyintheyard.TheyrepresentthevictimmonumentsinotherpartsofNanjing.Threegroupsoflarge-sizedsculpturesareembeddedinthesouthwall.TheyarethereproductionofthewholeprocessbeforeandafterNanjingMassacreinaccordanceofhistoricalphotos.Nextisthe4-meter-highmarblestatue“theCallofaMother”.Hereisthegranitestonewallwiththenamelistofthevictims,alsocalledthe“CryingWall”.Itis43meterslongand3.5metersinheight.Nowwecometothe“DisplayHallofVictims’Remains”,nexttoitisthe“MassGrave”.HerearetheBasso-relievodepictingthescenesoftheMassacre,theMemorialSquareandtheMeditationHall,etc.NowwearriveattheplatforminthePeacePark.InthemiddleofthePeaceParkisa160-meter-longwaterpond,resemblingamirrorofhistory.AndontherightistheWallofVictory.Thewholeembossmentis140meterslong,whichrepresentsthejoyofChinesepeopleforwinningthevictoryintheanti-Japanesewar.Thisisthewhitemarblesculpture“Pe