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2024年高考真题PAGEPAGE12024年3月天津高考英语第一次高考真题单项填空缺少2024年第一次1、2、4、5、7、8、12题;2024年第二次1、2、7题1.TheSmiths_________theonlineshoppingexperienceinChinasincetheymovedbacktoNewZealandtwoyearsago.A.hadbeenmissing B.weremissingC.havebeenmissing D.willbemissing〖答案〗C〖解析〗【详析】考查动词时态。句意:自从两年前搬回新西兰以来,史密斯一家一直很怀念在中国的网购体验。由since引导的时间状语从句可知,主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。结合选项可知,A选项为过去完成进行时;B选项为过去进行时;C选项为现在完成进行时;D选项为将来进行时。故选C。2.Someoneisplanningtomoveoutofourbuilding,andtheirapartmentwillbe_________forrentatthebeginningofMarch.A.available B.normal C.competitive D.expensive〖答案〗A〖解析〗【详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:有人打算搬出我们的大楼,他们的公寓将在三月初出租。A.available可获得的,可租用的;B.normal正常的;C.competitive有竞争力的;D.expensive昂贵的。根据“Someoneisplanningtomoveoutofourbuilding”可推知,有人要搬出去了,所以公寓将在三月初可以出租,应用available,表示“可获得的,可租用的”。故选A项。3.AsasymboloftheglorioushistoryofChinesecivilization,theForbiddenCity_________theculturalmemoryofthecountry.A.invents B.preserves C.acquires D.declares〖答案〗B〖解析〗【详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为中华文明辉煌历史的象征,紫禁城保存着国家的文化记忆。A.invents发明;B.preserves保存;C.acquires获得;D.declares宣布。根据“theculturalmemoryofthecountry”可知,紫禁城作为历史的象征,应该是保存文化记忆。故选B。4.Thefencebetweenthetwotenniscourts_________.Soonchildrenwillhaveenoughspaceforfootballgames.A.areremoved B.istoberemovedC.weretoberemoved D.wasbeingremoved〖答案〗B〖解析〗【详析】考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意:两个网球场之间的栅栏将被拆除。很快孩子们就有足够的空间踢足球了。此处为谓语动词的填入,由第二句中的“will”可知,该句应该用将来时,所以选项中动词不定式可以表示将来,主语Thefence和动词remove为被动关系,所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构,结合主语Thefence为单数名词,所以为动词三单形式。故选B项。5.Wewereworriedthattherewouldbealotofdisagreementatthemeeting,buteverythingwentquite_________.A.repeatedly B.endlessly C.smoothly D.urgently〖答案〗C〖解析〗【详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我们本来担心开会时会有很多分歧,但是一切进展顺利。A.repeatedly重复地;B.endlessly不断地;C.smoothly顺利地;D.urgently紧急地。根据上文“Wewereworriedthattherewouldbealotofdisagreementatthemeeting,buteverythingwentquite”可知,指本来担心开会时会有很多分歧,但是一切进展顺利。故选C。6.Carolinedoesn'thaveanaturaltalentformusicbutshe_________itwithhardwork.A.livesupto B.makesupfor C.reachesoutto D.looksoutfor〖答案〗B〖解析〗【详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:卡洛琳没有音乐天赋,但她通过努力学习弥补了这一缺陷。A.lives

up

to不辜负;B.makes

up

for弥补;C.reaches

out

to联系;D.looks

out

for留意。根据“Carolinedoesn'thaveanaturaltalentformusic”及“hardwork”可知,她通过努力学习弥补了这一缺陷。故选B。7.Theorganizershadtocanceltheoutdoorconcertduetothesuddenthunderstorm,_________manyeagerfanswhohadbeenwaitingforhours.A.disappointing B.todisappointC.havingdisappointed D.disappointed〖答案〗A〖解析〗【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于突然的雷暴天气,组织者不得不取消了户外音乐会,使得等待了几个小时的粉丝们非常失望。此处作状语,表示“自然而然的结果”,户外音乐会的取消让粉丝们失望,故应用现在分词作结果状语,故选A。8.Whenhewentoutofhiswaytohelpme,Itoldhimhow_________Iwasforhisassistance.A.sensitive B.annoyed C.reliable D.grateful〖答案〗D〖解析〗【详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他尽心尽力地帮助我,我因此向他表达诚挚的感谢。A.sensitive敏感的;B.annoyed生气的;C.reliable可靠的;D.grateful感激的。根据前文“hewentoutofhiswaytohelpme”可知,他尽心尽力地帮助我,因此我很感激他,故应用形容词grateful作表语,故选D。9.Fromthefirstexplorerstotoday'stravelers,humanshavealwayshadadesire_________newplaces.A.todiscover B.tobediscoveringCtobediscovered D.tohavediscovered〖答案〗A〖解析〗【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从第一批探险者到今天的旅行者,人类一直抱有发现新领域的渴望。discover意为“发现”,与句子主语humans构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用todiscover作desire的后置定语。故选A。10.SpringFestivalisatimeofgoodcheerinthe_________offamilyandfriends.A.company B.absence C.shape D.attempt〖答案〗A〖解析〗【详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:春节是亲朋好友团聚相伴的欢乐时光。A.company陪伴;B.absence缺席;C.shape形状;D.attempt尝试。根据后文“offamilyandfriends”可知,此处指亲朋好友团聚相伴。故选A。11.Thisonlinecourse_________,butyoucanstillaccessandusetheoriginalversion.A.hasupdated B.hadupdatedC.hasbeenupdated D.hadbeenupdated〖答案〗C〖解析〗【详析】考查时态语态。句意:这个在线课程已经更新,但你仍然可以访问和使用原始版本。根据“youcanstillaccessandusetheoriginalversion”可知,此处暗示课程已经更新,但仍可使用原版本。主语Thisonlinecourse与谓语update为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C项。12.Exerciseisnotonlygoodforourbodies,butitcanalso_________ourmoodandhelpusdealwithanxiety.A.boost B.match C.ruin D.reflect〖答案〗A〖解析〗【详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:运动不仅对我们的身体有好处,而且还可以改善我们的情绪,帮助我们应对焦虑。A.boost促进,提高;B.match匹配;C.ruin毁灭;D.reflect反思。由句意和helpusdealwithanxiety可知,这里指运动可以“促进(改善)”我们的情绪。故选A项。13._________focusingonwinningtheapprovalofothers,trytounderstandandacceptyourself.A.Becauseof B.Insteadof C.Forfearof D.Intermsof〖答案〗B〖解析〗【详析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:不要执着于赢得他人的认可,而是要努力理解和接受自己。A.Becauseof由于;B.Insteadof代替、而不是;C.Forfearof担心;D.Intermsof就……而言。根据“trytounderstandandacceptyourself.”可知,不要执着于赢得他人的认可,而是努力理解和接受自己。故选B项。14.—DoyourememberlittleJulienfromGradeTwo?—Well,_________,butIcan’tquitethinkwhoheis.A.it’suptoyou B.that’sagoodpointC.Ireallyenvyyou D.thatnameringsabell〖答案〗D〖解析〗【详析】考查情景交际。句意:——你记得二年级的小朱力安吗?——呃,这个名字有点耳熟,但是我记不起他是谁了。A.it’suptoyou你来决定;B.that’sagoodpoint说得对;C.Ireallyenvyyou我好羡慕你;D.thatnameringsabell这个名字有点耳熟。根据后文“butIcan’tquitethinkwhoheis”可知,这个名字有点耳熟,但是我记不起他是谁了。故选D。15.Coffeemaycausesleepdisturbance,especiallywhen_________inlargeamountsorafter2pm.A.consumed B.beingconsumed C.consuming D.havingconsumed〖答案〗A〖解析〗【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意:咖啡可能会引起睡眠障碍,尤其是大量饮用后或在下午两点以后饮用。此处为状语从句的省略,且consume意为“吃;喝;饮用”,与句子主语coffee构成逻辑上的动宾关系,省略be动词,故用过去分词形式。故选A。16.Thenewmodelelectriccarshould_________manysafetytestsbeforeitisreleasedtothepublic.A.turnout B.bringabout C.gothrough D.setup〖答案〗C〖解析〗【详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:新款电动汽车在向公众发布之前应该经过许多安全测试。A.turnout结果是;B.bringabout引起;C.gothrough通过;D.setup建立。新型电动汽车在正式上市之前应该通过多次安全测试。故选C项。完形填空Passage1At23,Iappliedformyfirstjobanditwasnotsuccessful.WhenIreceivedthe___17___email,Ifeltdisappointedandangry.Ihadspentdays___18___theinterviewandintheend,Ididn’tevenknowwhatwentwrong.Monthslater,afterajobinterviewatanothercompany,IgotacallFromthemanager.“___19___,wedecidedtoofferthejobtosomeoneelse,”hesaid.“Wouldyouliketohearthefeedback(反馈)?”ThemanagerwentontotellmeIhadn’texpressedmy___20___forapplyingfortheposition.Thefeedbackwas___21___tohear,buthewasright.AsIjustwantedajobinmyhomecity,Ididn’t___22___muchwhetheritfitmyinterests.ThejobatthecompanywassomethingIwascapableofdoing,butIdidn’tfeel___23___aboutit—andthatshowedintheinterview.Fromthenon,Idecidedtocarefullyevaluateeachjobopeningandonly___24___atIwasinterestedin.Inmyapplications,Ialsobegan___25___clearlywhyIwantedthatparticularjob.Soonmyeffort____26____,asIgotanofferIwastrulyexcitedabout.Yearslater,Ifoundmyselfontheothersideofthetable,interviewing____27____forapositioninmylab.Oneofthemgotmyattention.Onpaper,hisapplicationlooked____28____,buttheinterviewwentbadly.Hedidn’tseemtohavedoneanyreading____29____aboutmyresearch,whichmademewonder____30____hewastrulyinterestedinworkingwithme.WhenIcalledtotellhim,Icouldn’tofferhimthe____31____,hewasdisappointed.Ithentoldhimwherehecould____32____infutureinterviews.Asthe____33____wenton,IgotthesensethathewasgratefulforwhatIsaid.Nowadays,whenmyowntraineesapplyforpositionselsewhere,Iencouragethemto____34____feedback.It’sneverpleasantto____35____constructivecriticism,butifwearetoldwherewearelagging(落后),wearemorelikelytoavoidmakingthesame____36____inthefuture.17.A.congratulation B.invitation C.rejection D.complaint18.A.takingup B.preparingfor C.callingoff D.passingdown19.A.Consequently B.Hopefully C.Surprisingly D.Unfortunately20.A.requirement B.motivation C.imagination D.suggestion21.A.tough B.pleasant C.frightening D.reasonable22.A.care B.regret C.doubt D.know23.A.nervous B.enthusiastic C.relaxed D.embarrassed24.A.introduce B.abandon C.pursue D.display25A.examining B.stating C.judging D.instructing26.A.cameabout B.fadedaway C.settleddown D.paidoff27.A.officials B.candidates C.visitors D.employers28.A.great B.easy C.confusing D.complicated29.A.inadvance B.onaverage C.bycontrast D.forfree30.A.that B.when C.where D.whether31.A.salary B.degree C.award D.position32.A.continue B.serve C.improve D.participate33.A.conversation B.adventure C.negotiation D.journey34.A.setaside B.askfor C.putoff D.contributeto35.A.giveaway B.insiston C.listento D.fightfor36.A.proposals B.decisions C.comments D.mistakes〖答案〗17.C18.B19.D20.B21.A22.A23.B24.C25.B26.D27.B28.A29.A30.D31.D32.C33.A34.B35.C36.D〖解析〗【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者两次面试失败后,通过获得反馈并调整求职策略,最终成功找到工作的经历。第一次失败后,他因缺乏反馈而感到失望和愤怒;第二次失败时,他得到了关于表达动机不清晰的反馈,这促使他开始仔细选择职位。最终,他只申请感兴趣的工作,并成功找到工作。后来作为面试官,作者会为求职者提供反馈,帮助他们改进。【17题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我收到拒绝邮件时,我感到失望和愤怒。A.congratulation祝贺;B.invitation邀请;C.rejection拒绝;D.complaint投诉。根据后文“Ifeltdisappointedandangry.”可知,作者会感到失望和愤怒说明被拒绝了。故选C。【18题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我花了好几天准备面试,到最后,我甚至不知道哪里出了问题。A.takingup从事;B.preparingfor准备;C.callingoff取消;D.passingdown传递。根据上文“Ihadspentdays”以及宾语“theinterview”指花时间准备面试。故选B。【19题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:“不幸的是,我们决定把这份工作给别人,”他说。A.Consequently结果;B.Hopefully有希望地;C.Surprisingly惊人地;D.Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“wedecidedtoofferthejobtosomeoneelse”可知,工作给了别人,对作者来说是不幸地。故选D。【20题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:经理接着告诉我,我没有表达我申请这个职位的动机。A.requirement要求;B.motivation动机;C.imagination想象;D.suggestion建议。根据后文“Ijustwantedajobinmyhomecity”可知,作者的动机只是想要一份工作,这是经理没有听到作者申请时所表达出的。故选B。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这些反馈让人难以接受,但他是对的。A.tough艰难的;B.pleasant令人愉快的;C.frightening可怕的;D.reasonable合理的。根据后文“tohear,buthewasright”中but表示转折,说明经理的话让作者难受,但却是事实。故选A。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:因为我只想在家乡找一份工作,所以我并不太在意这份工作是否符合我的兴趣。A.care关心,在意;B.regret后悔;C.doubt怀疑;D.know知道。根据上文“AsIjustwantedajobinmyhomecity”以及后文“muchwhetheritfitmyinterests”可知,作者只是想要一份工作,并不太在意这份工作是否符合自己的兴趣。故选A。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这家公司的工作是我有能力做的,但我对它没有热情——这在面试中表现出来了。A.nervous紧张的;B.enthusiastic热情的;C.relaxed放松的;D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文作者面试被拒,说明作者对这份工作并没有热情,因此被经理拒绝了。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:从一开始,我就决定仔细评估每一个工作机会,只追求我感兴趣的。A.introduce介绍;B.abandon抛弃;C.pursue追求;D.display展示。根据上文“Idecidedtocarefullyevaluateeachjobopeningandonly”可知,作者评估工作机会,是为了追求自己感兴趣的工作。故选C。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在我的申请中,我也开始清楚地说明我为什么想要这份工作。A.examining检查;B.stating陈述;C.judging判断;D.instructing指导。根据后文“clearlywhyIwantedthatparticularjob”指作者在申请中陈述自己申请的理由。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:很快,我的努力得到了回报,我得到了一份令我真正兴奋的工作。A.cameabout发生;B.fadedaway消失;C.settleddown定居;D.paidoff取得回报。根据后文“asIgotanofferIwastrulyexcitedabout”可知,作者得到了想要的工作,努力得到了回报。故选D。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:多年以后,我发现自己站在桌子的另一边,为我实验室的一个职位面试候选人。A.officials官员;B.candidates候选人;C.visitors游客;D.employers雇主。根据上文“Ifoundmyselfontheothersideofthetable”可知,作者站在了桌子的另一边,即成为了面试候选人的面试官。故选B。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在纸上,他的申请书看起来不错,但面试进行得很糟糕。A.great不错的;B.easy容易的;C.confusing令人困惑的;D.complicated复杂的。根据后文“buttheinterviewwentbadly”可知,but表示转折,申请书看起来不错,但面试进行得很糟糕。故选A。【29题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:他似乎没有提前阅读我的研究,这让我怀疑他是否真的有兴趣和我一起工作。A.inadvance提前;B.onaverage平均的;C.bycontrast相比之下;D.forfree免费地。根据后文“aboutmyresearch,whichmademewonderwhetherhewastrulyinterestedinworkingwithme.”可知,作者怀疑他是否有兴趣和自己一起工作,所以推测他没有提前阅读作者的研究。故选A。【30题详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意:他似乎没有提前阅读我的研究,这让我怀疑他是否真的有兴趣和我一起工作。A.that那;B.when当……时候;C.where在哪里;D.whether是否。此处引导宾语从句,表示“是否”应用whether。故选D。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我打电话告诉他我不能给他这个职位时,他很失望。A.salary薪水;B.degree度数;C.award奖品;D.position职位,位置。根据上文“forapositioninmylab”可知,此处指给对方这个职位。故选D。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后我告诉他在以后的面试中他可以改进的地方。A.continue继续;B.serve服务;C.improve改善;D.participate参加。根据后文“constructivecriticism”可推测得知,作者告诉了对方面试中可以改进的地方。故选C。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:随着谈话的进行,我感觉到他对我所说的话很感激。A.conversation谈话;B.adventure冒险;C.negotiation谈判;D.journey旅程。根据上文“Ithentoldhim”指作者和对方进行了谈话。故选A。【34题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:如今,当我自己的学员申请其他公司的职位时,我鼓励他们寻求反馈。A.setaside留出;B.askfor寻求;C.putoff推迟;D.contributeto有助于。根据后文“feedback”可知,指面试者向面试官寻求反馈。故选B。【35题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:听建设性的批评从来都不是一件愉快的事,但如果我们被告知我们落后的地方,我们更有可能避免在未来犯同样的错误。A.giveaway赠送;B.insiston坚持;C.listento听;D.fightfor为……而战。根据后文“constructivecriticism”以及后文“wearetoldwherewearelagging”指听建设性的批评,故选C。【36题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:听建设性的批评从来都不是一件愉快的事,但如果我们被告知我们落后的地方,我们更有可能避免在未来犯同样的错误。A.proposals提议;B.decisions决定;C.comments评论;D.mistakes错误。根据上文“wearemorelikelytoavoidmakingthesame”可知,听从建议是为了避免犯同样的错误。故选D。Passage2Ihadstruggledwithmathsincefourthgrade,butworkedveryhardto___37___thesmartstudentsaroundme.Ineleventhgrade,muchtomyclassmates___38___,IsignedupforprecalculusBC,thehardestmathclass.ThatwaswhenImetMr.DenaandtoldhimIhad___39___inmath,yetIwouldtrymyhardest.HewasconvincedIcouldsucceed___40___thedoubtsfrommyclassmates.Mr.Denakeptanunforgettable___41___bySirIsaacNewtononhischalkboard:“IfIhavebeenabletoseefurther,itisonlybecauseIstandontheshouldersofgiants.”Hereflectedonthatthroughouttheyearandwas___42___toteachusmorethanmath.Mr.Denaoccasionallygavepartnertests,believingthatwecouldsolvehardproblemstogether.Hedrewnamesoutofahatto___43___partners.Studentswere___44___outloudthattheywouldn'tbepairedwithme.Asthe“lucky”namewas___45___,theclassburstintolaughter.Mypartnerjokedaboutbeing____46____withme.However,weworkedwelltogetherandsurprisedeveryonewithour____47____onthistest.IlearnedsomuchfrommyclassmatesandIrealizedthiswasreally____48____wehadpartnertests.ThefinalexamwasMr.Dena'sfinal____49____tous,butIfailedit.ItoldhimIdidn'tunderstandhowIcoulddoso____50____onatestwhenIhadstudiedsohard.Heexplainedit'snotaboutthegrades;it'sabouttrueunderstanding.Ifstudyingdidn't____51____onatest,itwouldsomeday.Iknewthenthat____52____passingorfailingtests,studyingwasabouthardworkandeffort.AndI____53____myselfharderthanIeverhad.TobechallengedinmathreallychangedthewayI____54____otherchallengesinlife.Iwasn'tgoingtoletagradestopmefromlearningsomeofthebestlessonsofmylife.Mr.DenaisoneofthegiantsthatNewton____55____.Hehashelpedmeseenotonlymore____56____ideasthanIthoughtpossible,butwhoIcanbe.37A.keepupwith B.giveinto C.stayawayfrom D.watchoutfor38.A.sorrow B.delight C.surprise D.relief39.A.talent B.methods C.innovation D.weaknesses40.A.inspiteof B.incaseof C.inviewof D.inconsequenceof41.A.diary B.quote C.essay D.letter42.A.embarrassed B.determined C.astonished D.puzzled43.A.assign B.honor C.persuade D.monitor44.A.reading B.singing C.praying D.applauding45.A.registered B.changed C.abandoned D.picked46.A.concerned B.stuck C.impressed D.content47.A.negotiation B.mistake C.performance D.standard48.A.when B.why C.where D.how49.A.decision B.challenge C.instruction D.victory50.A.accurately B.carefully C.effortlessly D.poorly51.A.giveout B.breakdown C.turnup D.payoff52.A.beyond B.within C.upon D.across53.A.praised B.defended C.pushed D.criticized54.A.viewed B.created C.ignored D.presented55.A.admires B.establishes C.measures D.describes56.A.social B.mathematical C.psychological D.moral〖答案〗37A38.C39.D40.A41.B42.B43.A44.C45.D46.B47.C48.B49.B50.D51.D52.A53.C54.A55.D56.B〖解析〗【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从四年级开始学数学就很吃力,同学们都不愿意和作者进行小组活动,但作者却很努力,微积分课程的老师Mr.Dena让作者理解到了学习不是关乎于考试,而是努力和付出,付出终会有回报的。【37题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:从四年级开始,我的数学就很困难,但是我努力赶上我周围那些最聪明的学生。A.keepupwith赶上;B.giveinto向……屈服;C.stayawayfrom远离;D.watchoutfor注意,留意。根据空前的“butworkedveryhardto”转折but可知,尽管我的数学学起来很费力,但我还是尽力追上、赶上周围的同学,故选A。【38题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:令我的同学惊讶的是,我报名了微积分BC这一课程,最难的数学课。A.sorrow伤心;B.delight高兴;C.surprise惊讶;D.relief轻松。根据前文“Ihadstruggledwithmathsincefourthgrade”可知,我本身学数学就有一定的困难,但我却报名了最难的数学课,这让我的同学很惊讶,故选C。【39题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这就是当我遇到Mr.Dena时候,我告诉他,我在数学上有一定的弱点,但我会尽最大的努力。A.talent天赋;B.methods方法;C.innovation创新;D.weaknesses弱点,劣势。根据前文“Ihadstruggledwithmathsincefourthgrade”可知,我本身学数学就有一定的困难,因此我告诉Mr.Dena,我学数学有一定的劣势,故选D。【40题详析】考查短语词义辨析。句意:他让我相信,即使同学怀疑我,但我还是能成功。A.inspiteof尽管;B.incaseof以防……;C.inviewof鉴于;D.inconsequenceof因为,由于……的结果。根据空后“thedoubtsfrommyclassmates.”可知,即使我学数学有困难,即使同学对我有怀疑,但他让我相信,我还是能成功,故选A。【41题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:Mr.Dena在黑板上留下了SirIsaacNewton的一句难忘的话:“如果我能看得更远,那是因为我站在巨人肩膀上。”A.diary日记;B.quote引文,引语;C.essay论文;D.letter信。根据后文“SirIsaacNewtononhischalkboard:“IfIhavebeenabletoseefurther,itisonlybecauseIstandontheshouldersofgiants.””可知,后文提到Mr.Dena引用了的SirIsaacNewton一句话,写在黑板上,故选B。【42题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他一整年都在思考这一点,并决定要教我们除了数学以外更多的东西。A.embarrassed尴尬的;B.determined有决心的;C.astonished惊讶的;D.puzzled困惑的。根据空前“Hereflectedonthatthroughouttheyear”可知,他全年都在思考“如果我能看得更远,那只是因为我站在巨人肩膀上”这一点,因此下定决心要教我们除了数学以外更多的东西,故选B。【43题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档。A.assign分配;B.honor尊敬;C.persuade说服;D.monitor监视。根据前文“Mr.Denaoccasionallygavepartnertests”可知,他会给我们进行小组测试,因此从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档,故选A。【44题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:同学都大声祈祷不要跟我分在一组。A.reading阅读;B.singing唱歌;C.praying祈祷;D.applauding鼓掌。根据前文“Ihadstruggledwithmathsincefourthgrade”可知,我学数学有一定的困难,因此在分组的时候,同学都大声祈祷不要跟我分在一组,故选C。【45题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当“幸运的”名字被挑选出来时,同学们都大笑起来。A.registered注册;B.changed改变;C.abandoned抛弃;D.picked挑选。根据前文“Hedrewnamesoutofahat”可知,Mr.Dena从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档,因此当“幸运儿”的名字被选出来的时候,故选D。【46题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我的搭档开玩笑说被我缠住了。A.concerned关心的;B.stuck被困的,被缠住的;C.impressed印象深刻的;D.content满意的。根据前文“Studentswere___8___outloudthattheywouldn'tbepairedwithme.”可知,同学们都不想和我一组,因此我的搭档开玩笑说被我缠住了,我会拖累他,故选B。【47题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,我们合作得很好,并用我们在这次考试的成绩震惊了每个人。A.negotiation谈判;B.mistake错误;C.performance表现,成绩;D.standard标准。根据空后“onthistest”可知,我们合作得很好,用考试的成绩震惊了每个人,故选C。【48题详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意:我从同学那里学到了很多,并且我意识到,这也就是为什么我们有小组测试。A.when当……时候;B.why为什么;C.where哪里;D.how怎样。根据空后“wehadpartnertests”可知,我们进行小组测试的原因是因为我们能从搭档那里学到很多东西,故选B。【49题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:期末考试就是Mr.Dena对我们最后的考验,但我没能通过考试。A.decision决定;B.challenge挑战,考验;C.instruction指导;D.victory胜利。根据前文“Thefinalexam”可知,期末考试是Mr.Dena对我们最后的考验,故选B。【50题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我告诉他,我学习如此努力了,怎么还能在考得这么差。A.accurately准确地;B.carefully小心地;C.effortlessly不费力地;D.poorly差地。根据空后“whenIhadstudiedsohard”可知,我感到很疑惑,为什么我这么努力,考试成绩却这么差,故选D。【51题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:如果学习没有在考试上得到回报,那终有一天会有回报的。A.giveout泄露,分发;B.breakdown垮掉;C.turnup出现;D.payoff取得回报。根据后文“Heexplainedit'snotaboutthegrades;it'sabouttrueunderstanding.”可知,Mr.Dena解释道,学习是理解,而不是分数,因此如果努力没有在测试上取得回报,那终有一天会有回报的,故选D。【52题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意:就在那时,我知道了,学习是超出通过或者没通过考试的范围,是关乎于努力和汗水的。A.beyond超出……范围;B.within在……范围以内;C.upon在……上;D.across跨越。根据后文“studyingwasabouthardworkandeffort.”可知,学习是关乎于努力和付出的,超出了通过考试或者没通过考试的范围,故选A。【53题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我督促自己比之前更加努力了。A.praised表扬;B.defended辩护;C.pushed督促,催促;D.criticized批评。根据前文“Iknewthenthat___16___passingorfailingtests,studyingwasabouthardworkandeffort.”可知,我理解到学习不是关于考试是否通过,而且关乎于努力和付出的,因此我督促自己比之前更加努力了,故选C。【54题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:挑战数学真的改变了我看到生活中的挑战的方式。A.viewed看待;B.created创造;C.ignored忽视;D.presented呈现。根据空前“Tobechallengedinmathreallychangedtheway”可知,挑战数学改变了我看到生活中的挑战的方式,故选A。【55题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:Mr.Dena就是Newton描述的巨人之一。A.admires钦佩;B.establishes建立;C.measures测量;D.describes描述。根据前文“SirIsaacNewtononhischalkboard:“IfIhavebeenabletoseefurther,itisonlybecauseIstandontheshouldersofgiants.””可知,Newton说过,“如果我能看得更远,那只是因为我站在巨人肩膀上”,而作者就将Mr.Dena视为Newton描述的巨人之一,让作者看得更远,故选D。【56题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他不仅让我看到了比我想象的更多的数学改变,还让我看到了我能成为什么。A.social社会的;B.mathematical有关数学的;C.psychological心理的;D.moral道德上的。根据前文“IsignedupforprecalculusBC,thehardestmathclass.ThatwaswhenImetMr.Dena”可知,Mr.Dena是我的数学老师,因此让我看到了比我想象的更多的数学概念,故选B。阅读理解Passage1Humanshaveevolved(进化)tospendlongperiodsdoingphysicalexercise.Butwhydoesn’teveryoneenjoyexercising?Thecomplexityofthehumanbrainistoblame.Evolvinganabilitydoesn’tautomaticallymeanwe’llwanttouseit.Whilephysicalexerciseisn’tthatbad,it’sstilltypicallyunpleasant.Ithastobe:you’repushingyourbodytoitsphysicallimits,whichleadstosignificantdiscomfort.Anotherissueisthatthehumanbrainishighlysensitivetowastedeffort.Studieshaveshownthatitcalculatestheeffortrequiredforactionsandtendstostopusfromsquanderingvitalresourcesonfruitlessefforts,likewalkingover30kmforahandfulofberries.Thethingis,regularexercisetoget“inshape”requiresconstantandconsiderableeffort—allforgradualprogressanduncertainrewards.So,yourbrain’stendencytoask,“Isitworthit?”willbehardtoquieten.Thisparticularfeaturealsomeanswetypicallypreferthingswhichofferminimumeffortformaximumreward.Thankfully,thehumanbrainisacomplexorgan.Itisn’truledbyitsmoreprimitivedrives.Whilemanyspecies’thoughtprocessesarelimitedto“Food,eatit!”,“Danger,run!”,“Pain,avoid!”,we’veevolvedbeyondthat.Ourbrainscanformmultiplelong-termgoalsandambitions.Wecanimagineadesirablefuturescenario(情况),figureouthowwe’dachieveit,anddojustthat.Oratleastworktowardit.Thisdirectlyimpactshowourbrainprocessesmotivationandwillpower.Itmakesuscapableofdelayedgratification(满足):wecanrecognizethatrejectingarewardnowcanleadtoagreaterrewardlater,andactaccordingly.Sohowdoesthebrainprocessmotivation?Theself-discrepancy(自我差异)theorysuggestswehaveseveral“selves”activeinourmindsatanygiventime:our“actual”self,our“ideal”self,andour“ought”self.Your“actual”selfishowyouarerightnow.Your“ideal”selfiswhatyouwanttobe.Andyour“ought”selfistheselfthatdoeswhatyououghttobedoingtobecomeyour“ideal”self.So,ifyour“ideal”selfisaprofessionalfootballer,andyour“actual”selfisn’t,your“ought”selfistheonethatspendsalotoftimetraining,exercising,andgettingbetteratfootball.Asfarasyourbrainisconcerned,thereareprocessesthatdiscourageexercise,andprocessesthatencourageit.Ideally,you’llendupputtingmoreweightonthelatterthantheformer.57.Whatcanbelearntfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Somepeoplearebornphysicallyweakerthanothers.B.Somepeopledislikedrivingthemselvestoohardphysically.C.Mostpeoplehavethehabitofdoingphysicalexercise.D.Mostpeopledophysicalexerciseforcomfortandpleasure.58.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“squandering”inParagraph3?A.Conserving. B.Mixing. C.Misusing. D.Sharing.59.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph4?A.Toraiseaquestion. B.Toprovideadefinition.C.Tomakeacomparison. D.Tofurtherexplainapoint.60.Accordingtotheauthor,howarehumansdifferentfrommanyotherspecies?A.Humansareabletopictureafavorablefuture.B.Humansbenefitmorefrompainfulexperiences.C.Humanscaremoreaboutimmediaterewards.D.Humansareskilledatavoidingdangers.61.Accordingtotheself-discrepancytheory,whopresentsthemostactive“ought”self?A.Afootballerdreamingofbecomingamoviestar.B.AstudenteatingpotatochipswhilewatchingTV.C.Aprofessionaldancerperformingatatheatre.D.AswimmertrainingtowinanOlympicmedal.〖答案〗57.B58.C59.D60.A61.D〖解析〗【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了并非人人都喜欢体育锻炼的原因,指出这是因为人脑对无谓的努力很抵触且锻炼本身的回报不确定,不过大脑能形成长期目标、处理动机,我们能学会延时满足,为目标不懈努力。【57题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butwhydoesn’teveryoneenjoyexercising?(但是为什么不是每个人都喜欢锻炼呢?)”和第二段中“Whilephysicalexerciseisn’tthatbad,it’sstilltypicallyunpleasant.Ithastobe:you’repushingyourbodytoitsphysicallimits,whichleadstosignificantdiscomfort.(虽然体育锻炼并没有那么糟糕,但它通常还是令人不愉快的。这是必然的:你正在把你的身体推向它的身体极限,这导致了明显的不适)”可知,有些人不喜欢锻炼是身体被迫达到体能极限时会感到明显不适。由此可知,有些人不喜欢对自己的身体施加太大的压力。故选B项。【58题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Anotherissueisthatthehumanbrainishighlysensitivetowastedeffort.Studieshaveshownthatitcalculatestheeffortrequiredforactions(另一个问题是,人类的大脑对浪费精力非常敏感。研究表明,它可以计算出行动所需的努力)”可知,人脑对无谓的努力很抵触。由此可知,此处指“它会阻止我们将重要资源浪费在无效的努力上”,画线词意思应该是“浪费,滥用”,与Misusing意思相近。故选C项。【59题详析】推理判断题。第三段中的“Anotherissueisthatthehumanbrainishighlysensitivetowastedeffort.(另一个问题是,人类的大脑对浪费精力非常敏感)”指出人脑对无谓的努力很抵触,第四段“Thethingis,regularexercisetoget“inshape”requiresconstantandconsiderableeffort—allforgradualprogressanduncertainrewards.So,yourbrain’stendencytoask,“Isitworthit?”willbehardtoquieten.Thisparticularfeaturealsomeanswetypicallypreferthingswhichofferminimumeffortformaximumreward(问题是,有规律的锻炼来保持“身材”需要持续和相当大的努力——所有这些都是渐进的,回报是不确定的。所以,你的大脑问“这值得吗?”问题的倾向将很难平息。这个特殊的特征也意味着我们通常更喜欢那些付出最少努力却获得最大回报的东西)”用规律锻炼以保持身材的例子具体说明人脑的这种工作机制。由此可知,作者写第四段的目的是进一步解释上文的观点。故选D项。【60题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Whilemanyspecies’thoughtprocessesarelimitedto“Food,eatit!”,“Danger,run!”,“Pain,avoid!”,we’veevolvedbeyondthat.Ourbrainscanformmultiplelong-termgoalsandambitions.Wecanimagineadesirablefuturescenario(情况),figureouthowwe’dachieveit,anddojustthat.(虽然许多物种的思维过程仅限于“食物,吃它!”、“危险,快跑!”、“痛苦,躲避!”,我们已经超越了这一点。我们的大脑可以形成多个长期目标和抱负。我们可以想象一个理想的未来场景,弄清楚我们如何实现它,然后去做)”可知,人类与许多其他物种的不同之处在于,人类能够想象一个美好的未来。故选A项。【61题详析】推理判断题。根据第六段中“Andyour“ought”selfistheselfthatdoeswhatyououghttobedoingtobecomeyour“ideal”self.So,ifyour“ideal”selfisaprofessionalfootballer,andyour“actual”selfisn’t,your“ought”selfistheonethatspendsalotoftimetraining,exercising,andgettingbetteratfootball.(你的“应该”自我就是做你应该做的事情来成为你的“理想”自我的那个自我。所以,如果你的“理想”自我是一名职业足球运动员,而你的“实际”自我不是,那么你的“应该”自我就是花大量时间训练、锻炼,并在足球方面做得更好的那个人)”可知,“自我差异”理论认为“应该”自我会使人为奋斗目标持续努力。由此可知,为赢得奥运奖牌而训练的游泳运动员表现出最活跃的“应该”自我。故选D项。Passage2Staringatthebookcasesinmystudy,packedwithsomanygreatbooksthathadremainedunread,Iheardaloudvoiceinmyhead—“Shameonyou!Howcanyouleavethesemasterpiecesunread?”ThefirstbookIpickedupwasMontaigne'sEssays.TomysurpriseIdiscoveredinthemargins(页边空白)whatclearlywasmyownfadedhand-writing.SoIwasactuallyreadingitagain,butwhatIwasrereadingseemedentirelynew.Ialsofoundsentencesunderlined.OnlythistimeIwondered:WhydidIunderlinethissentence?It'sthenextonethatisimportant!Clearly,mywayofreadingthetexthadshifted,andImyselfhadchangedovertheyears.Thisraisedthelargerquestionofrereading.Itcomesinmanyforms.There’svoluntaryrereading,theresultofawillfuldecisiontorevisitabookonehasadmired,orabookthathasleftonewithsomeunansweredquestions.Thiskindofplannedrevisitcouldalsobeforconfirmingcertaindetailsinthetext,orforcheckingonthemovesofagivencharacter.Adevo

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