2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit5Whatanadventure教学知识细解码教案外研版必修第三册

PAGE10-Unit5Whatanadventure1．initialadj.起先的，最初的→initiallyadv.最初，首先；开头→initiativen．首创精神；倡议2．confirmv．证明，证明→confirmationn．确认；证明；证明3．crowdn．人群→crowdedadj.拥挤的；塞满的4．attemptn．努力，尝试vt.企图，试图；尝试→attemptedadj.企图的；未遂的5．failv．失败→failuren．失败6．psychologyn．心理学→psychologistn．心理学家1．upto达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；能胜任；正在干……，从事着(尤指坏事)①Icantakeuptofourpeopleinmycar. 多达②Idon'tfeeluptothetask. 胜任③Uptoyesterday，Ithoughthewassingle. 直到④It'suptoyoutodecidewhethertogoortostay. 由……确定2．figureout想出，理解；弄明白，看透；计算出①Ican'tfigureoutwhathewashintingat. 看透②Pleasefigureoutthetotalcost. 计算出③Couldyouhelpmefigureoutthisproblem? 解决④Ididn'tfigureouthowtodoit. 想出⑤Isimplycouldn'tfigureouthisintention. 弄明白WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)thusadv.因此，从而(教材P49)ChristopherColumbus(1451－1506)wasanItalianexplorerwhocompletedjourneysbetweenSpainandtheAmericas，thusmarkingthebeginningofEuropeanexplorationoftheAmericas.克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的旅程，从而标记着欧洲探究美洲的起先。[例1]Theuniversitieshaveexpanded，thusallowingmanymorepeoplethechanceofhighereducation.高校扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教化。[例2]Wedonotownthebuilding.Thus，itwouldbeimpossibleforustomakeanymajorchangestoit.我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大改动。[造句]老年人经常想方设法省钱吃饭，结果损害了他们的健康。Oldpeopleoftentrytosavemoneytoeat，thusendangeringtheirhealth.[学问拓展]thereforeadv. 因此；所以soconj. 因此；所以asaresult 结果；因此[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theyneverchangeandthus/thereforeIcantrustthem.②Helosthishealth，andthereforehisdifficultiesincreased.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)confirmv．证明，证明(教材P50)ThefirstpeopleconfirmedtohavereachedthetopwereEdmundHillaryandTenzingNorgayin1953.第一批被证明登上顶峰的人是1953年的埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺盖。[例1]Rumoursofjoblosseswerelaterconfirmed.裁员的传言后来得到了证明。[例2]Hisguiltyexpressionconfirmedmydoubt.他内疚的表情证明了我的猜疑。[造句]你能证明一下接下来发生了什么事吗？Canyouconfirmwhathappenednext?[学问拓展]confirmationn． 证明，证明；确认函confirmedadj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的，坚决的confirmtohavedonesth. 确认已完成某事[即学即练]单句语法填空①Iamconfirmed(confirm)inmyopinionsbywhatyoutoldme.②I'mstillwaitingforconfirmation(confirm)ofthetestresults.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)(be)similarto与……相像(教材P51)In2011，wordssimilartothoseofMallorywerespokenbyAmericanmountainclimberAlanArnette，whoclimbedQomolangmainthatyearandwasgoingtoclimbotherhighmountainsaroundtheworld.2011年，美国登山运动员艾伦·阿内特(AlanArnette)说了类似于马洛里的一些话。当年，阿内特登上了珠穆朗玛峰，并准备登上世界各地的其他高山。[例1]Myopinionsaresimilartohis.我的看法跟他的相像。[例2]Shehasadictionarysimilartomine.她有一本和我的类似的词典。[造句]玛丽的帽子和简的差不多。Mary'shatissimilartoJane's.[学问拓展]besimilarin 在……方面相像，和……差不多similarlyadv. 相像地；类似地similarityn. 相像；类似[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thetwocarsareverysimilarinsizeanddesign.②Myteachingstyleissimilartothatofmostotherteachers.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)ofocus使……成为焦点(教材P51)Itbringsintofocuswhat'simportanttoyou.它会让你关注对你来说重要的事情。[例1]Thiswillbroadenyourhorizonsandbringnewideasandopportunitiesintofocus.这会开阔你的视野，为你关注的事物带来新的想法与机会。[例2]Wetouchedontoomanytopics，sothegroupleaderbroughtallofthemintofocusbysummarizing.我们谈及了很多话题，因此组长通过总结把全部探讨的问题谈清晰了。[造句]新经理组织实力太强了，很快就把主要问题搞清晰并且解决好。Thenewmanagerwassowell­organizedthathebroughttheproblemsintofocusandsolvethemsoon.[学问拓展]focusn． 焦点；集中点；焦距；中心v.(使)集中；聚集focussth.on 集中某物于/把某物对准……focusone'sattention/mind/energyon 集中留意力/心思/精力于[即学即练]单句语法填空①Havingfocused(focus)hisattentiononurgentproblems，hehardlyhastimetoplaygameswithyou.②Withthedevelopmentofsociety，thefocusofpublicattentionhaschanged(change)，too.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)figureout弄明白(教材P51)Itforcesyoutolookdeepinsideyourselfandfigureoutifyoureallyhavethephysical，aswellasmental，toughnesstopushwhenyouwanttostop.它迫使你谛视自己的内心深处，弄清晰自己是否真的有足够的体力和脑力，当你想停下来的时候去推动它。[例1]Ican'tfigureoutwhatheistalkingabout.我真搞不懂他在讲什么。[例2]Noonecouldfigureoutwherethegascamefrominhismagic.没人能搞懂他魔术中的气体来自哪里。[造句]小男孩好像弄明白了老师正在讲解的题目。Thelittleboyseemstohavefiguredoutwhattheteacherisexplaining.[学问拓展]figuren． 数字；图形；人物；身材；体形；人影 v．计算；想；估计；认为keepone'sfigure 保持(美丽的)身材figureon 期盼，希望，依靠figurethat 认为，认定[即学即练]单句语法填空①Therearemanystonefigures(figure)alongthetwosidesoftheroad.②Youcanfigureonhimshowing(show)upinthepartyontime.[小片段填空]Asanimportantfigureofthecompany，Suetriedtofigureouthowtoannouncethatthecompanyhadearnedlessthan6figuresthatyear.Andmostimportantlyshefiguredthatfewpeoplewaslikelytobelieveher.作为公司的重要人物，苏设法想出如何公布公司去年收益不到六位数的消息。最重要的是，她认为很少有人会信任她。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)attemptvt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试(教材P51)WiththemajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangmaresultingeitherintotalsuccessorfailure，istherealsoascientificreasonbehindthisrisk­taking?大多数登珠峰的尝试要么完全胜利，要么彻底失败，那么在这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学依据呢？[例1]Inanattempttoattractmorecustomers，theytookavarietyofmeasures.为了吸引更多顾客，他们实行了各种措施。[例2]Thetwofriendsmadeanunsuccessfulattemptatacompromise.这两个挚友试图和解但未胜利。[造句]为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。Twofactorieswereclosedinanattempttocutcosts.[学问拓展]attemptatdoingsth./todosth. 尝试或努力做某事makeanattemptatdoing/todosth. 尝试或努力做某事atone's/thefirstattempt 第一次尝试[即学即练]单句语法填空①There'snopointinattemptingtopresent(present)yourideatohim—he'llneverlisten.②Hemadeanattempttopass(pass)the2024CollegeEntranceExamination，buthedidn'tsucceedintheend.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)(教材P51)Hereferstothepersonalitiesofthesepeopleas“TypeT”，withthe“T”standingfor“thrill”．他把这些人的性格称为T型，T代表“惊险刺激”。(1)referto...as把……称之为[例1]Ialwaysrefertohimasabookworm.我总是称他为书呆子。[例2]Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusuallyreferredtoas“whitecollarworkers”．那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。[造句]她总是称汤姆为“那个好人”。ShealwaysreferstoTomas“thatniceman”．[学问拓展]refertosb. 指的是某人；提及某人refertosth. 参考；查阅；提及[即学即练]单句语法填空①Studentsareaskedtocompletetheexercisewithoutreferring(refer)toanymaterials.②Ifyoudon'tknowwhatthiswordmeans，refer(refer)tothedictionary.[小片段填空]Inhisspeech，hedidn'trefertothepollutionofthecompanyatall.Althoughhissecretarypreparedenoughrelatedinformationaboutitforhim，hedidn'trefertoany.Hewasreferredtoasanirresponsibleleaderbyhiscolleagues.在他的演讲中，他一点儿也没有提及公司的污染问题。尽管秘书为他准备了这方面足够多的材料，但是他一点也没有参照。他被同事称为一个不负责任的领导。(2)standfor代表；主见[例1]It'swellknownthattheolivebranchstandsforpeace.众所周知，橄榄枝代表和平。[例2]WeChinesestandforpeaceandwishtosettlealldisputesbypeacefulmeans.我们中国人民是主见和平的，希望用和平方式解决争端。[造句]PRC代表中华人民共和国。PRCstandsforPeople'sRepublicofChina.[学问拓展]standby 站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持standout 显著；突出standup 站立；站起来can'tstandsth./doingsth. 不能忍受(做)某事[即学即练]单句语法填空①Howcanyoustandbyanddonothingwhensheneedshelp?②Ican'tstandseeing(see)childrensmokinganywhereatanytime.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)Itis＋过去分词＋从句(教材P51)ItisstillnotknownifhesucceededinreachingthetopofQomolangmabeforeittookhislife.目前还不清晰他是否在丢掉性命之前胜利登上珠峰峰顶。句式分析：该句中it是形式主语，后面的if引导的从句是真正的主语。而且此处的it不行用其他词如this，that等来代替。在英语中，只有it可作形式主语。[例1]Itisnotknownifheisfitforthejob.还不清晰他是否适合这份工作。[例2]Itiswidelyknownthatsevenpeoplewerekilledintheaccident.人们都知道这场事故中有七人丧生。[造句]大家都知道中国姓放在名字前面。ItisknownthatfamilynamescomebeforethefirstnameinChina.[学问拓展](1)句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that”中常用的过去分词有：said，reported，considered，believed，hoped，suggested，estimated，admitted等。(2)下列三种句型可以相互转换It＋be＋过去分词＋that→Peoplesay/think...＋that...→Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式[翻译]①Itisgenerallyagreedthatheisoneofthemostfamouswritersinourcountry.(大家普遍认为)②Itwasreportedthathehadwonthegameathisfirstinternationalcompetition.(据报道)[即学即练]单句语法填空①It'softensaidthatweareliving(live)inanageofinformationexplosion.②Wearesaidtobeliving(live)inanageofinformationexplosion.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)either...or...要么……要么……(教材P51)WiththemajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangmaresultingeitherintotalsuccessorfailure，istherealsoascientificreasonbehindthisrisk­taking?大多数登珠峰的尝试要么完全胜利，要么彻底失败，在这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学依据呢？句式分析：本句中either...or...是连接词，意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。在这里连接两个宾语。[例1]I'mgoingtomajoreithermathsorbiologyinuniversity，asbotharemyfavoritesubjects.在高校里我准备要么学数学，要么学生物，因为这两个都是我最喜爱的科目。[例2]Youeithergoorstay.Don'tjustwanderheredoingnothing.你要么走，要么留。不要在这儿走来走去无所事事。[造句]我们要么选张伟做我们远足的队长，要么选刘迪。WewillelectZhangWeiorLiuDiasourcaptainofgoingouting.[学问拓展]either...or...主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于连接两特性质相同的词或短语；连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一样。除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。其否定式可以是noteither...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。[翻译]①Heneitherknowsnorcareswhathappened.(既不知道也不关切)②NeithertheteachernorthestudentsaregoingtoHuangshan.(老师和学生都不)[即学即练]单句语法填空①EitheryouorIam(be)wrong.Itisimpossiblethatwearebothright.②Onewillgetill，eitherbecausehedoesn'ttakeenoughexercise，orbecausehedoesn'thaveahealthydiet.1．(教材P50)Forthesepeople，climbingQomolangmaisanexperiencelikenoother，makingsomefeelweakandothers，powerful.[分析]此句是一个主系表结构的简洁句。ClimbingQomolangma是动名词短语作句子的主语。likenoother是介词短语意思是“别出心裁”。makingsomefeelweakandothers，powerful是动名词短语作定语修饰表语anexperience，结构为：makesb.dosth.，and后面为省略结构，原句应当为makingothersfeelpowerful。[译文]对于这些人来说，登珠峰是一种别出心裁的体验，能让一些人感到虚弱，让另一些人感到强大。2．(教材P51)PsychologistFrankFarleyhasspentyearsstudyingpeoplewhojumpoutofplanesanddrivefastcars，aswellasthosewhoclimbQomolangma.[分析]此句是一个主从复合句。主句是主谓宾结构的句子。其中spendtimedoingsth.后面的宾语people后面有两个who引导的定语从句；aswellas连接两个定语从句。[译文]心理学家弗兰克·法利用多年的时间探讨那些高空跳伞以及开快车的人，以及那些登珠峰的人。教材高考1.WiththemajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangmaresultingeitherintotalsuccessorfailure，istherealsoascientificreasonbehindthisrisk­taking？(2024·江苏卷)Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpshapeyouryearahead.2.Hereferstothepersonalitiesofthesepeopleas“TypeT”，withthe“T”standingfor“thrill”．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)WangShu，a49­year­oldChinesearchitect，wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thegirlwonthegameatherfirst(one)attemptinthenationalcompetition.2．IcouldhearthemtalkingbutIcouldn'tfigureoutwhattheyweresaying.3．IlikeEnglishandthusIchoseEnglishasmymajorinthecollege.4．I'mgoingtobuyeitheracameraoraCDplayerwiththemoney.5．Wouldyouliketoknowwhatthestarsonthenationalflagstandfor?6．Thosereferred(refer)toasheroesarethecommonpeoplearoundus.7．Theresultoftheexamconfirmed(confirm)ourjudgementbefore.8．Wecanonlyattractsomeonesimilartoourselves(us)incharacterandpersonality.9．Theexplosionbroughttheschoolbussafetyintofocusoftheschool'sdailywork.10．Itisgenerallybelievedthatweshouldmakeitclearifwehavethepotentialtodobetterwhatwearedoing.Ⅱ.短语填空openup；ofocus；resultin；beconnectedto；referto...as；standfor；figureout；focuson；takerisk；benefitfrom1．Ourflagstandsforourcountry.2．Peoplewholiketakingrisksareadventurousanddaringtodoalmosteverything.3．ThelatestnewsbringsSunYangintofocusbuthemakesnocomment.4．Youreallyhavetofigureoutwhatyouaregoodatandtrytoachieveit.5．Manycountrieshavebenefitedfromthe