考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习一

考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习一Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[A]OnthefirstMondayafterthesecondWednesdayinDecember,theelectorswhohavebeenchoseninNovemberassembleintheirrespectivestatecapitalstosignaltheirpreference.Thefuturepresidentandvice-presidentmustreceiveatleast270electoralvotes,amajorityofthetotalof538,towin.Membersoftheelectoralcollegehavethemoral,butnotthelegal,obligationtovoteforthecandidatewhowonthepopularvoteintheirstate.Thismoralimperative,plusthefactthatelectorsaremembersofthesamepoliticalpartyasthepresidentialcandidatewinningthepopularvote,ensuresthattheoutcomeintheelectoralcollegeisavalidreflectionofthepopularvoteinNovember.[B]Itisevenpossibleforsomeonetowinthepopularvote,yetlostthepresidencytoanothercandidate.How?Ithastodowiththeelectoralcollege.[C]TheelectoralcollegewascreatedinresponsetoaproblemencounteredduringtheConstitutionalConventionof1787,wheredelegatesweretryingtodeterminethebestwaytochoosethepresident.TheframersoftheConstitutionintendedthattheelectors,abodyofmenchosenfortheirwisdom,shouldcometogetherandchooseonbehalfofthepeople.Infact,theswiftriseofpoliticalpartiesguaranteedthattheelectoralofthepeople.Infact,theswiftriseofpoliticalguaranteedthattheelectoralsystemneverworkedastheframershadintended;instead,nationalparties,i.e.nationwidealliancesoflocalinterests,quicklycametodominatetheelectioncampaigns.Theelectorsbecamemerefigureheadsrepresentingthestatebranchesofthepartieswhogotthemchosen,andtheirvoteswerepredeterminedandpredictable.[D]Howaretheelectorschosen?Althoughthereissomevariationamongstatesinhowelectorsareappointed,generallytheyarechosenbythepopularvote,alwaysonthefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayinNovember.Eachpoliticalpartyinastatechoosesastateoflocalworthiestobemembersoftheelectoralcollegeiftheparty’spresidentialcandidatewinsatleastapluralityofthepopularvoteinthestate.[E]Howisthenumberofelectorsdecided?EverystatehasoneelectorforeachsenatorandrepresentativeitsendstoCongress.Stateswithgreaterpopulationsthereforehavemoreelectorsintheelectoralcollege.Allstateshaveatleast3electors,butCalifornia,themostpopulousstate,has54.TheDistrictofColumbia,thoughnotastate,isalsoallowedtosendthreeelectors.[F]Howcanonewinthepopularvoteyetlosethepresidency?Let’ssimplifyforthesakeofargument:imaginethatinsteadof50statesAmericahadonlytwo.CaliforniaandMontana.NowsupposethatcandidateAwinsinCaliforniaby9,000,500votesto9,000,400;the100-votemarginstillgiveshim54electors.ButthencandidateAlosesinMontanaby201,000to205,000,candidateBgetsMontana’selectoralvotes.ThetotalnumberofvotesforAis9,210,500andforB,9,205,400;yetA,with54electoralvotesoutof57,winstheelection![G]America’selectiondayis7November.Onthedaycitizenswhowishtowillcasttheirballotsforthepresidentialcandidatetheyprefer.Theresultofthisprocessiscalledthepopularvote,andthesedaysthewinnerofthepopularvoteisusuallyknownshortlyafterthepollsclose.However,notoneofthevotescastonElectionDayactuallygoesdirectlytoaparticularcandidate.Order:G→41.→42.→43.→44.→45.［试题分析］这篇文章共分7段，[G]段和[F]段已分别被定为篇首段与篇尾段。[G]段介绍了美国的大选日，并说每个投票的人都可以把票投给所喜欢的人，这叫普选。又说在普选中实际上没有一张票是直接投向具体的候选人的。[F]段解释了为什么会出现假选人在普选中获胜却得不到总统职位的原因，并举了例子加以说明。从首尾两段可以看出这是一篇介绍美国总统选举的文章，其中解释了一些美国特有的选取举办法。[G]段末尾说，在普选中，实际上没有一张票是直接投向具体候选人的。这必然后引起人们的好奇。[B]段则继续讲了一个更惊人的情况：某候选人在普选中获胜，但总统宝座却让别人得去了。显然[B]段是[G]段的继续，所以[B]段排在[G]段后，是41题的答案。[B]段说，How?Ithastodowiththeelectoralcollege.[C]段开头说，Theelectoralcollegewascreated…首尾呼应，表示[C]段应接在[B]段后，是42题的答案。[C]段介绍了electoralcollege（选举团）的情况。成立选举团的初衷是：选出一些智囊人士，集中在一起组成选举团代表民意进行总统选举。实际上选举团从未像宪法制定者们希望的那样运作，他们被一些党派操纵，他们成了各州党派的代言人，他们的选票是预先定好了的。[E]段进一步讲了选举团的人员构成情总，所以是[C]段的继续，应排在[C]段后，是43题的答案。[D]段进一步进了选举团成员是怎么选出来的。他们是由在某州的普选中得票多的总统候选人所在的政党，在该州内挑选出的当地的杰出人换。显然[D]段应排在[E]段后，是44题的答案。[A]段讲选举进行的具体情况，及选举中获胜当总统的条件。[F]段以实便解释了为什么某候选人在普选中获胜却得不到总统职位的原因，也回答了[B]段提出的问题，足以说明[A]段在[F]段前，是45题的答案。［答案］41.[B]42.[C]43.[E]44.[D]45.[A]考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习二Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[A]Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount;theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveoffhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.[B]Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer’s.[C]Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.[D]Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof‘drop-outs’;youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?[E]Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.[F]Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:“Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIamateenagemillionaire.”[G]Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyearseducationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude.Order:G→41.→42.→43.→44.→45.→F［试题分析］这篇文章共有7段落，其中[G]和[F]段已分别确定为篇首段和篇尾段。[G]段说，对研究领域所取得的成果我们都可能发出赞叹，但是测试人的知识和能力的考试仍然像以往那样原始。令人不可理解的是经过了这么多年教育家们还没有找到更有效、更可靠的方法，仍然依赖考试。尽管有人声考试是为了测试你所学到的东西，但实际上人们都知道考试的结果适得其反。从[G]段可以看出作者对考试是否定态度的。[F]段说，要想测试一个人真正的能力肯定有更为简单、更为有效的方法。作者甚至认为考试机构举办考试只不过是为了赚钱罢了。根据首尾两段，可以看出本篇文章是谈论考试，并且作者是不喜欢这种测试形式的，了解了这两点对重新安排段落的次序很在帮助。[A]段说，考试的最大作用就是制造焦虑，因此考试维系着许多重大事伯，有可能一个人的未来就由几次考试来决定。不管你当时心情不好，或你的母亲刚刚去世，考试还是照旧进行。当一个人处于极度恐慌是经历了一个不眠之夜后，他是不可能发挥出最佳水平的。这一段紧接[G]段，诉说考试的弊端，街接紧密，所以[A]段是41题的答案。[A]段指出了考试的弊端，下面一段有可能会继续陈述考试的坏处或缺点，从余下的4段中找到[D]段。其中说到，孩子们从踏进校门的那一刻起就陷入残酷的竞争。在这种竞争中，成功和失败界限分明。对那些还没有开始自己的事业就被社会定为失败的人而辍学，你会感到惊讶吗？面对居高不下的学生自杀率你会吃惊吗？[D]段接着数落考试的弊病，所以42题的答案应当是[D]。[E]段说，一种好的教育应该培养人们的独立思考能力，而考试制度却不是培养学生去独立思考，大纲规定了学生要学的东西，并鼓励学生去死记硬背。考试限制了学生的阅读量，考试鼓励填鸭式教学。[C]段说，他们降低了教育水准，因为他们剥夺了教师们的自由。因为学生的考试成绩也是评判老师教学效果的标准，所以教师不是教授课程，而是把教学简化成训练学生的考试技巧。结果最成功的应试者不是知识最丰富的人，而是被迫掌握考试技巧最为熟练的人。[E]段与[C]段以讲教学为主，着墨在教师身上。很明显[C]段应排在[E]段之后，所以[E]段是43题的答案，[C]段是44题的答案。[B]段讲，结果至关重要的考试只不过是某个匿名主考官的主观评价。主考官们也是人，他们会累、会饿，也会出错，但是他们必须在规定的时间内判定写得乱糟糟的试卷。前面讲了考试、学生、教师，这段讲考试的主考官，最后一段又讲，相信有一种更简单、更有效的测试方法，所以很显然[B]段应该在[F]段之前，所以[B]段应该是45题的答案。［答案］41.[A]42.[D]43.[E]44.[C]45.[B]考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习三Directions：

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41—45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA—Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)[A]“Ijustdon’tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We’reinabudgetcrunchandIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.Infact,we’llprobablyhavetolaysomepeopleoffinthenearfuture.It’shardformetomakethejobinterestingandchallengingbecauseitisn’t—it’sboring,routinepaperwork,andthereisn’tmuchyoucandoaboutit.”[B]“Finally,Ican’tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit’snottrue.Iftheirperformanceisadequate,mostaremorelikelytogetpromotedjustbystayingontheforceacertainnumberofyearsthanforsomespecificoutstandingact.Second,theyweretrainedtodothejobtheydooutinthestreets,nottofilloutforms.Allthroughtheircareeritisthearrestsandinterventionsthatgetnoticed.”[C]“I’vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforceasyoung,inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthestreet,eitherincarsoronabeat.Theyseemtolikethecontacttheyhavewiththepublic,theactioninvolvedincrimeprevention,andtheapprehensionofcriminals.Theyalsolikehelpingpeopleoutatfires,accidents,andotheremergencies.”[D]“Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslikeusingconvictionrecordsasaperformancecriterion.However,weknowthat’snotfair—toomanyotherthingsareinvolved.Badpaperworkincreasesthechancethatyouloseincourt,butgoodpaperworkdoesn’tnecessarilymeanyou’llwin.Wetriedsettingupteamcompetitionsbasedontheexcellenceofthereports,buttheguyscaughtontothatprettyquickly.Noonewasgettinganytypeofrewardforwinningthecompetition,andtheyfiguredwhyshouldtheylaborwhentherewasnopayoff.”[E]“Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhatetodothepaperwork,andbecausetheydislikeit,thejobisfrequentlyputoffordoneinadequately.Thislackofattentionhurtsuslateronwhenwegettocourt.Weneedclear,factualreports.Theymustbehighlydetailedandunambiguous.Assoonasonepartofareportisshowntobeinadequateorincorrect,therestofthereportissuspect.Poorreportingprobablycausesustolosemorecasesthananyotherfactor.”[F]“SoIjustdon’tknowwhattodo.I’vebeengropinginthedarkinanumberofyears.AndIhopethatthisseminarwillshedsomelightonthisproblemofmineandhelpmeoutinmyfuturework.”[G]“Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsforadministrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation--howwecangetpublicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.Thedifficultyofapolicecaptainbecamethecentralfocusofthediscussion.”Order:

G→41.

→42.

→43.

→44.

→45.

→F［答案］：41-45CEABD步骤一、理解给定的段落确定文章的文体与结构。理解给定的段落内容(段落中间有转折词，看转折词所在句；无转折词看段首句、第二句，有时包含段尾句)，重点关注动作内容。第G段：Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsforadministrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation--howwecangetpublicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.利用名词主体论动作决定论提炼信息为：wasputtingonanumberofseminars“举行一系列的论坛”；thetopictobediscussedwasmotivation“供讨论的主题是主动性”.表明该段叙述“议题”，确定本文是议论文。步骤二、理解供排序的段落确定段落的内容方向。理解供排序段落内容(段落中间有转折词，看转折词所在句；无转折词看段首句、第二句，有时包含段尾句)，重点关注动作内容。第A段：“Ijustdon’tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We’reinabudgetcrunchandIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.利用名词主体论动作决定论提炼信息为：motivatethemtodoabetterjob“鼓励他们作好工作”；budgetcrunch“预算危机”；nofinancialrewards“经济奖励”.表明该段叙述“(自己的)对策”第B段：“Finally,Ican’tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit’snottrue.利用名词主体论提炼信息为：promotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.“升职与文字工作的好坏有关”。表明该段叙述“(自己的)对策”第C段：“I’vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforceasyoung,inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthestreet,eitherincarsoronabeat.利用名词主体论提炼信息为：realproblem“实质问题”sendthemoutonthestreet“派他们到街上”。表明该段叙述“问题(派出去)”第D段：“Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslikeusingconvictionrecordsasaperformancecriterion.利用名词主体论提炼信息为：Somepeople“一些人”；suggested“建议”；performancecriterion“评价表现的标准”。表明该段叙述“(他人的)对策”第E段：“Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhatetodothepaperwork,andbecausetheydislikeit,thejobisfrequentlyputoffordoneinadequately.利用名词主体论提炼信息为：problem“问题”；getbacktothestation“回到警察局”。表明该段叙述“问题(回局里)”步骤三、按照文章结构及段落内容准确排序。利用文章结构，结合以各个段落的内容，准确将段落排序。因此：正确的顺序为C—E---A---B---D解题理论分析：名词主体论---结构决定论名词主体论：段落的主要内容和大意体现在段落的主题句中，而且，句子的内容体现在句子的主语、宾语主体上。因此，为了提高解题效率，考生可以通过句子的主语和宾语的名词把握句子、段落或篇章的含义。即，名词主体论。结构决定论：段落排序题的文章结构特点与阅读理解大体一致，一般来说，有六种相对固定的结构形式。因此，在利用名词主题论理解每个段落内容之后，可以利用文章结构，将段落准确排序。常见的文章结构顺序包含：一.议论文1.议题---问题---原因---对策2.议题---问题---对策---结论(未来)3.议题---问题---对策---结论(过去)4.反面话题---驳斥观点---原因---观点—展望未来二.说明文1.积极事物---优点---缺点---展望未来2.消极事物---缺点---优点---回顾过去三.叙事文按照时间先后顺序排序。包含时间，时态和动作。解题步骤分析：步骤一、理解给定的段落确定文章的文体与结构。理解给定的段落内容(段落中间有转折词，看转折词所在句；无转折词看段首句、第二句，有时包含段尾句)，重点关注动作内容。步骤二、理解供排序的段落确定段落的内容方向。理解供排序段落内容(段落中间有转折词，看转折词所在句；无转折词看段首句、第二句，有时包含段尾句)，重点关注动作内容。步骤三、按照文章结构及段落内容准确排序。利用文章结构，结合以各个段落的内容，准确将段落排序。英语段落排序题解题技巧第一节大纲分析及样题解读阅读理解新题型——排序题大纲：大纲所列的第二种备选题型实际上是一种纯纯粹粹的排序题。在一篇长度约500～600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落（7～8个）重新排序，其中2～3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。这样的题型要求考生在阅读各个段落的同时一定要把握住各个段落的中心思想，并将各段大意进行整合，理清它们之间的逻辑关系。第二节排序题实用答题技巧一、文章结构的总体特点一篇完整的文章首先要提出主题，即一个包含所写的主旨要义，也叫中心思想。一般来说，一篇文章至少分三个层次：主题、中心思想和次中心思想。考生应从宏观把握不同文体（记叙文、描写文、说明文和议论文）的基本特征。a、记叙文行文思路事件的叙述连贯并符合逻辑，通常按照时间顺序展开。事件之间通常使用一些过渡性词语来连接。文中细节逐渐引向事件发生、发展的高潮部分。b、描写文：描写文强调的是