翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟31

翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟31ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.

Whereanypeoplehavemadeatemp（江南博哥）oraryapproachtosuchacharacter,ithasbeenbecausethedreadofheterodox______wasforatimesuspended.A.speculationB.spectrumC.petrologyD.speculum正确答案：A

2.

Theself-importantcantofmusicologistonrecordjacketsoftensuggeststhattrueappreciationofthemusicisan______processclosedtotheuninitiatedlistener,howeverenthusiastic.A.unreliableB.arcaneC.elementaryD.intuitive正确答案：B

3.

Youmightincludeacoupleofheadygrowthstocks______withyourmorepedestrianinvestments.A.apartB.besideC.aswellasD.sidebyside正确答案：D

4.

Whentheplanewasflyinguptothenormalheight,______andimmediatelythepilothadtoflyitbacktotheairport.A.somewherewasontheblinksB.somewherehadastrangenoiseC.somethingbecameabnormalD.somethingwasonedge正确答案：A[解析]tobeontheblinks这一习语本身来自飞机出现的“故障”，因此和flyback的结果吻合。

5.

WhenitcomestoChinese,Janealreadyknewsomeofthecharacters,butJohnhadtostartfrom______.A.screwB.scrapC.scratchD.scrape正确答案：C

6.

Thehumanintelligencethatcreatedindustrialcivilizationnowhastheassignmentofmakingthecivilization______man'sbasicneeds.A.compatiblewithB.reducibletoC.assignabletoD.warrantablefor正确答案：A

7.

Mostpeoplefrownonsufferings,thougha______enjoyssuffering.A.masochistB.philatelistC.misanthropistD.agnostics正确答案：A[解析]masochist指“受虐狂”。

8.

Withmostonlinerecruitmentservices,jobseekersmustchoosetheirwordscarefully;______thesearchenginewillnevermakethecorrectmatch.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.providedD.however正确答案：B

9.

Fashionispartlyasearchfornewlanguagetodiscredittheold,awayinwhicheachgenerationcan______itsimmediatepredecessoranddistinguishitself.A.honorB.condoneC.emulateD.repudiate正确答案：D

10.

Thechildrenmadesomuch______thatMrs.Greenhadtospendthreedayscleaningupafterwards.A.messB.troubleC.damageD.nuisance正确答案：A

11.

Welisteneddumb-struck,fullof______,totheshockingdetailsofthecorruptionofthepresidentofthecompany.A.incredulityB.ingenuityC.ingenuousnessD.incredibility正确答案：D[解析]本句空格处意为“充满怀疑地”。incredibility意为“不能相信(事实)”，与句意相符。其他三项“incredulity怀疑(不确知的事情)；ingenuity独创性；ingenuousness坦白，直率”都不正确。

12.

TheBritishConstitutionis______alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.A.inB.byC.atD.to正确答案：D

13.

Hisideasaboutthecurrentsituationwereso______thatIhadtoagreewithhim.A.cavernousB.chronicC.choralD.cogent正确答案：D

14.

Itisunderstandablethatthoughadolescentmaturationalanddevelopmentalstatesoccurinanorderlysequence,theirtiming______withregardtoonsetandduration.A.faltersB.variesC.acceleratesD.dwindles正确答案：B

15.

Onlyhotelguestshavethe______ofusingtheprivatebeach.A.occasionB.possibilityC.privilegeD.allowance正确答案：C[解析]近义辨析。

privilege特权，特别待遇：Ihadtheprivilegeofmeetingthequeen．我有会见王后的特权。occasion时机，机会：Abirthdayisnooccasionfortears．生日可不是哭鼻子的时候。possibility可能性：Thereisnopossibilityofhiscoming．他不可能来。allowance宽容，允许，被允许的东西(如限额、限期等)：askforanallowanceofthreedays要求给三天时间。

16.

Itisunderstandablethatthoughadolescentmaturationalanddevelopmentalstatesoccurinanorderlysequence,theirtiming______withregardtoonsetandduration.A.faltersB.variesC.acceleratesD.dwindles正确答案：B

17.

Thetechnicianis______toalmostallthetasks,whomayevenfallsasleeponthejob.A.reluctantB.decreantC.recuperativeD.recusant正确答案：B[解析]该句的非限定定语从句中evenfallsasleep暗示前面讲的是“玩忽职守”，所以decreant符合全句的语境。

18.

Mostoftheparticipantsbelieveittrulymoredemocratictoholda______ratherthanletthegovernmentalonemakesdecisionsonalltheimportantissues.A.referendumB.refectoryC.reiterationD.recalcitrance正确答案：A

19.

TheEarth______threeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicaterocks,andthethin,solid-surfacecrust.A.comprisesB.composesC.consistsD.concedes正确答案：A[解析]comprise和consist是同义词，但consist之后需跟介词of，而空后没有of，所以只能选A。

20.

Duetothefactthatuniversitiescannotenrollallthecandidates,______touniversityiscompetitive.A.admissionB.affidavitC.admirationD.allegiance正确答案：A[解析]形近识别

A．admission允许进入；B．affidavit宣誓书，书面陈述；C．admiration钦佩，赞美；D．allegiance忠贞，效忠；admissiontouniversity准许入大学，因此A为答案。

Part2VocabularyReplacement1.

Oncethelapwing'snestisthreatened,thebirdhobblesandpretendstobeinjuredinordertolureitsenemiesawayfromthenest.A.escapesB.collapsesC.screamsD.limps正确答案：D

2.

Duringthemiddleages,sciencewasconsideredtobebasedontheoccult.A.fundamentalB.supernaturalC.anthropologicalD.theoretical正确答案：B

3.

Therewasnoenmitybetweenus,sowewereabletoreachanagreementonthesaleoftheproperty.A.animosityB.indemnityC.perfidyD.obloquy正确答案：A

4.

Mostreadersaredrawntothefacetiousstoriesofhisrecentnovel.A.factualB.humourousC.sarcasticD.ridiculous正确答案：B[解析]facetious意指humourous。

5.

ByprovidinglegalrepresentationtheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionworkstodefendcitizensagainstbreachesoftheircivilrights.A.exercisesB.perusalsC.violationsD.branches正确答案：C

6.

InGermany,thebaroquestyleofartthrivedinthe17thand18thcenturies.A.flourishedB.flouredC.flauntedD.fluctuated正确答案：A

7.

Mostofthatprofessor'swritingsareeitherforthebirdorahodgepodgeofthoughtsandideascoppiedfromotherauthors.A.pasticheB.paternalismC.paucityD.pathology正确答案：A

8.

Becauseofthelimitedtime,heswallowedthefoodandhurriedtotheworkplace.A.fastenedB.engulfedC.hurriedD.quickened正确答案：B[解析]toengulf和toswallow都有“狼吞虎咽”之意。

9.

Hiscomplaintaboutourmanagementwasnotwithoutreasons.A.couldberectifiedB.couldbejustifiedC.wasmodifiedD.couldbeenforced正确答案：B[解析]canbejustified等同于notwithoutreasons的说法。

10.

Thatuniversityhasproducedalargenumberofsocialcelebrities,includingfourPresidentsandthreeSpeakers.A.sproutedB.spawnedC.stashedD.spouted正确答案：B

11.

InSanFrancisco,California,only2,000unitswerebuilt.SanFranciscohasonlya1.6percentvacancyratebutstringentrentcontrollaws.A.stressfulB.stragglyC.strictD.straight正确答案：C

12.

Thecentralgovernmenthopestocurtailmilitaryspendinginthenextyear.A.forbidB.invertC.prolongD.shorten正确答案：D

13.

Theemperorgaveagrandiosebanquettocelebratehismarriageofconvenience.A.simutaneousB.sumptuousC.stimulatinyD.bump正确答案：B

14.

Whenyouarelookingforajob,itisimportanttomakeanexcellentresumetosellyourselftoprospectiveemployer.A.particularB.potentialC.prudentD.prominent正确答案：B

15.

TheamendmentstothisContractcomeintoeffectonlyaftertheyaresignedbythepartiesheretoandapprovedbytheoriginalapprovingauthorities.A.TheexecutionofthisContractB.TheconclusionofthisContractC.TheperformanceofthisContractD.ThealterationsofthisContract正确答案：D

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.

Somechildrendisplayanunacceptablecuriosityabouteverynewthingtheyencounter.A.incredibleB.infectiousC.incompatibleD.inaccessible正确答案：A[解析]本题考查词义辨析。本句意为“有些孩子对其遇到的所有新事物都表现出令人难以置信的好奇心”。incredible“令人难以置信的”；infectious“传染的”；incompatible“不兼容的”；inaccessible“不能到达的”；因此A为答案。

2.

Aninvestigationthatisunguidedcanoccasionallyyieldnewfacts,evennotableones,andthetypicalappearanceofsuchfactsistheresultofasearchinadefinitedirection.A.butthetypicalappearanceofsuchfactsB.buttypicallytheappearanceofsuchfactsC.andtypicallytheappearanceoffactsassuchD.andthetypicalappearanceoffactsassuch正确答案：B

3.

Whenherealizedhehadbeensuggestedtosignthecontractbyintrigue,hethreatenedtostartlegalproceedingstocanceltheagreement.A.elicitedB.excitedC.deducedD.induced正确答案：D[解析]本题考查动词辨析。本句意为“当他意识到自己是受到蒙蔽才签这份合同时，就威胁说要诉诸法律来终止这份协议”。而elicited“引出”；excited“激动；唤起”；deduced“推断”；induced“引诱”，所以，答案是D。

4.

Wereitnotforthemeasurestimelytakenlastyearbythecentralgovernment,thesebankscouldhavebeenclosed.A.wouldhavebeenB.shouldhavebeenC.hadtobeD.willhavebeen正确答案：A

5.

Byusingnewforeigntextbooks,wecouldnotonlylearntherightexpressionofbusinessideas,butalsowewillknowthelatestdevelopmentsinthebusinessworld.A.butalsowillknowthelastestB.butalsoknowthelastestC.butalsoknowthelatestD.butalsocometoknowthelatest正确答案：D[解析]本题考查时态应用。“notonly...butalso...”连接的前后句子时态应一致，由此排除A。latest“最近的”。last“最后的”，没有“lastest”这种形式。know是表示静态的动词，cometoknow“开始了解到”，强调动作的过程。所以，答案选D。

6.

Hemusthavebeenveryhardtoplease,indeed,ifhedidnotapprovethesalaryofhejob.A.ifhehadnotapprovedB.ifheisnotapprovedofC.ifhenotapprovesD.ifhehadnotapprovedof正确答案：D

7.

Itwillbeemphasizedthatcommercialspaceoperationsareinherentlycomplex,long-term,capital-hungry,andsetbyavarietyofrisks.A.besetbyB.insetbyC.presetbyD.resetby正确答案：A[解析]本题考查动词搭配。句意为：需要强调的是商用太空计划本来就复杂，耗时长，资金缺且饱受各种风险困扰。besetby意为“困扰”；preset意为“预先安置，预先调试”，reset意为“重新安排”，inset意为“插页，插入”，这三个词大都作及物动词，一般不与by连用。因此，答案是A。

8.

Somechildrendisplayanunacceptablecuriosityabouteverynewthingtheyencounter.A.incredibleB.infectiousC.incompatibleD.inaccessible正确答案：A[解析]词语运用

A．incredible令人难以置信的；B．infectious感染的；C．incompatible不兼容的；D．inaccessible不能通达的；因此A为答案。

9.

ThisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportantsidesofAmericanlife.A.fashionsB.frontiersC.facetsD.formats正确答案：C[解析]词语运用

A．fashions样子，方式，流行，风尚；B．frontiers国境，边疆，边境；C．facets(多面体的)面，方面，刻面；D．formats开本，版式，形式，格式；因此C为答案。

10.

Becauseourworkisverybusy,soweneedtorelaxatmidday.A.WeareverybusyB.OurworkbeingbusyC.OurworksoverybusyD.Becauseourworksoverybusy,正确答案：B[解析]结构应用

本句考察的是独立结构：划线部分在句中作状语，但状语的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，因此用独立结构作状语，因此B为答案。

11.

Theearlyrailroadswereconnectedshortlinesintheexistingarteriesoftransportation:roads,turnpikes,canals,andotherwaterways.A.shortlinesthatconnectedB.thoseshortlinesconnectedC.connectedbyshortlinesD.shortconnectedlines正确答案：A[解析]结构应用

本句意为：早期的铁路是些连接已有运输干线的短线，已有的运输干线指公路、收费公路、运河和其他一些水路。主句强调：早期的铁路是些短线，定语“连接已有运输干线的”是修饰shortlines的，因此A为答案。

12.

Itisnotenoughtoensurethatthesuppliersprovidevalueformoney;thegovernmentalbuyermustenterintoadialoguewiththesupplierstoensureasfaraspossiblethattheformoftheprocurementispersistedtotheenhancementofthesupplyindustry'sglobalcompetitiveness.A.cooperativewithB.consistentwithC.cooperativeinD.consistentin正确答案：B[解析]本题考查固定搭配。宾语从句thattheformoftheprocurementispersistedtotheenhancementofthesupplyindustry'sglobalcompetitiveness.意为“采购形式和供应业全球化竞争加强之间一致”。cooperativewith意为“与……合作”；consistentwith意为“与……一致的”；consistentin意为“在……一致”。根据句意可知，答案为B。

13.

Itisacommonknowledgethattrianglehasthreeangles,asquarehasfoursides.A.atrianglehas...asquareB.thetrianglehas...andasquarehavingC.thetriangletohave...asquaretohaveD.atrianglehad...asquare正确答案：A

14.

Ifpeoplecannotaffordtobuytheirownhouse,theycanrentpropertyfromaprivatelandlord,as10%ofthepopulationdoes,orfromtheirlocalcouncil.A.asdo10%ofthepopulationB.justas10%ofthepopulationwilldoC.thesameas10%ofthepeopledoD.aswilldo10%ofthepopulation正确答案：A这里的population是个集体名词，是个复数概念，其动词不应使用第三人称单数。另外，特别应该注意在此状语片语中动词的倒装使用法。

15.

Notmuchpeoplerealizethatappleshavebeencultivatedforover3,000years.A.NotmanyB.NotenoughC.WithoutmanyD.Nomany正确答案：A[解析]本题考查much和many的用法。根据句意：知道苹果已种植了3000多年的人不是很多。people是可数名词复数，修饰可数名词复数应用many，而不能用much，much只能修饰不可数名词。notmany意为“不是很多”。因此，答案选A。

ⅡReadingComprehension

ItseemsincredibletomethatLatinisnottaughtinschoolsasamatterofcourse,especiallyinacountrythatisforeverlamentingitsown(undeniable)mediocritywhenitcomestospeakingforeignlanguages.Asa13-year-old,IhardlyapproachedmyownLatinlessonswithanythingresemblingenthusiasm—ImighthavebeenkeenerifAeneaswenttotheshopsoccasionally—butIamterrificallygratefulIhadthem,allthesame.

Thebenefitsaremany.HavingabasicgroundinginLatinmakeslearningRomancelanguagesadoddle(轻而易举的事):thefactthatIspeakEnglishplusthreeothershaslesstodowithanygeneticpredisposition—IwashopelessatlearningRussian—thanwithanunderstandingoftherootandprovenanceofLatin-derivedwords.

ItwouldbeimpossibletohaveasmatteringofLatinandfindoneselfstuckinItaly,providedonemanagedtopersuadethespeakertoslowdownabit.AndthereasonIcan(arguably)justaboutstringasentencetogetherinEnglish—whichisn'tmyfirstlanguage—hasagreatdealtodowithunderstanding,throughLatin,thewaysentencesandgrammarwork.

Latinalsohasitsownpleasinginternallogic:youfollowtherulesandyougettheanswer.AndIreallybelievethatifyouknowLatin,youhalf-speakFrenchalready.TheBritishusednottobeappallingatlanguages:mytheoryisthattheyonlybecamesoduringthepastcentury,whenLatinstoppedbeingwidelytaught.

Detractors(恶意批评者)mightpointoutthatthereislittleuseinlearningadeadlanguage.ButLatinisnotdead:it'severywhere.Itmakesthekindofpeoplewhoneverusetwoshortwordswhensixbigoneswilldointelligible.Itdemystifiesjargonandlegalese.Ithelpswithcrosswords.Itevenforcesthoseofuswhoarepathologicallyillogicaltothinklogicallyeveryonceinawhile:IrememberthepleasureIfeltatschool,duringLatintranslation,whenIrealizedIcouldcreateorderandsenseoutofapparentchaos.

Really,Latin'susefulapplicationsaremanifold.WatchingWhoWantsToBeAMillionaire?afewweeksago,InoticedthatthequestionwhichfelledthecontestantwouldalmostcertainlynothavestumpedhimhadhehadsomeLatin.Ofallthepossibleanswers,onlyonehadaLatinrootthatechoedthequestion.FromCicerotoChrisTarrantinafeweasysteps,youcan'tsaymoremodernorlessdustythanthat.1.

Theword"lamenting"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.mournB.weepC.condoleD.grieveover正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“especiallyinacountrythatisforeverlamentingitsown(undeniable)mediocrity”可知，特别是在一个国家用拉丁语为自己的人哀悼。选项中的A项为“哀悼，向……致哀”符合文意。B项“哭泣”，C项“表示同情，吊唁”，D项“对……感到伤心”，这三项均不符合题意。

2.

Asateenager,theauthor______.A.hadakeeninterestinLatinB.hadnevershowedanyinterestinLatinC.quitsoonafterhetooktheLatincourseD.wassatisfiedwithhisorherLatincourse正确答案：D[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“Asa13-year-old,IhardlyapproachedmyownLatinlessonswithanythingresemblingenthusiasm—ImighthavebeenkeenerifAeneaswenttotheshopsoccasionally—butIamterrificallygratefulIhadthem，allthesame.”可知，作者开始时对拉丁语没有热情，但是后来非常感激上了拉丁语的课程，所以D项“对他/她的拉丁语课程非常满意”符合题意。A项“对拉丁语有强烈的兴趣”，B项“对拉丁语从没有显示过兴趣”，从文中内容可以看出作者开始对拉丁语没有兴趣，后来应该是有兴趣了，所以A、B两项都不正确；C项“上拉丁语课程不久就放弃了”，这个在文中没有提到。

3.

Theword"provenance"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.originB.genesisC.headspringD.filiation正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“especiallyinacountrythatisforeverlamentingitsown(undeniable)mediocrity”可知，特别是在一个国家用拉丁语为自己的人哀悼。选项中的A项为“哀悼，向……致哀”符合文意。B项“哭泣”，C项“表示同情，吊唁”，D项“对……感到伤心”，这三项均不符合题意。

4.

Inparagraph3,theauthorbelievesthatknowingalittleaboutLatinhelpsone______.A.tospeakItalianbetterB.tofigureoutwhatanItaliansaysC.tounderstandItalianhistoryD.tomakefriendswithItalians正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“ItwouldbeimpossibletohaveasmatteringofLatinandfindoneselfstuckinItaly,providedonemanagedtopersuadethespeakertoslowdownabit.”可知，一个居住意大利的人对拉丁语只是略懂一点，如果他设法说服演讲者把语速稍微放慢一点，那是不可能的。所以A项“懂一点拉丁语能帮助人更好地说意大利语”符合题意。B项“弄明白一个意大利人说什么”，C项“了解意大利历史”，D项“和意大利人交朋友”，这三项都不符合文意。

5.

Theword"asmattering"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.alittleknowledgeB.alotC.plentyofD.littleknowledge正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“ItwouldbeimpossibletohaveasmatteringofLatin”可知，略懂拉丁语是不可能的。选项中的A项为“略知，了解一些”符合文意。B项“很多”，C项“大量”，D项“几乎不了解”，这三项均不符合题意。

6.

Accordingtoparagraph4,theBritish______.A.havealwaysbeenterribleinlearningLatinB.usedtobegoodatlanguageswhenLatinwastaughtC.becamegoodatlanguageswhenpeoplestoppedlearningLatinD.usedtobeterribleinlanguageswhenLatinwastaught正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第四段的内容“TheBritishusednottobeappallingatlanguages:mytheoryisthattheyonlybecamesoduringthepast,century,whenLatinstoppedbeingwidelytaught.”可知，当拉丁语不被广泛学习的时候，英语很快就在世界范围内普遍开来，所以C项“当停止学习拉丁语时，他们变得擅长语言”符合题意。A项“在学习拉丁语时总处于痛苦中”，B项“过去当拉丁语被教的时候，他们很擅长语言”，D项“过去当拉丁语被教的时候，他们总处在痛苦中”，这三项和文中第四段内容不符合。

7.

OneofthebenefitstolearnLatinisthat______.A.itmakesiteasiertolearnsomeotherlanguagesB.ithelpsalotinlearningRussianC.ithelpstoimprovementalhealthD.ithelpsthewriterspeakfourtongues正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“HavingabasicgroundinginLatinmakeslearningRomancelanguagesadoddle”可知，有一定的拉丁语基础，再学习罗曼语就是一件轻而易举的事。所以A项“使学习其他的语言变得更容易”符合题意。B项“在学习俄语时有很大的帮助”，根据第二段的“IwashopelessatlearningRussian”可知B不正确；C项“有助于提高心理健康”，D项“帮助作者说四种语言”，C、D两项在文中没有提到。

8.

Theword"intelligible"underlinedinParagraph5refersto______.A.transpicuousB.explicitC.implicitD.detailed正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第五段的内容“Itmakesthekindofpeoplewhoneverusetwoshortwordswhensixbigoneswilldointelligible”可知，intelligible意思是可理解的，明白易懂的。选项中的A项为“清晰的，明白易懂的”符合文意。B项“明确的，明晰的”，C项“含蓄的”，D项“详细的，细节的”，这三项均不符合题意。

9.

ThatLatinisnotdeadisshownbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.somedifficulttechnicalwordsbecomeeasytounderstandB.crosswordpuzzlesbecomeeasytobesolvedC.somepeoplebecomemorelogicalintheirwayofthinkingD.somepeoplebecomemoreself-confident正确答案：D[解析]根据文中第五段的内容“Itmakesthekindofpeoplewhoneverusetwoshortwordswhensixbigoneswilldointelligible.Itdemystifiesjargonandlegalese.Ithelpswithcross-words.Itevenforcesthoseofuswhoarepathologicallyillogicaltothinklogicallyeveryonceinawhile:”可知，D项“一些人变得更自信”在文中没有提到。A项“一些难的术语变得易于理解”，B项“字谜游戏变得容易解决”，C项“一些人的思考方式变得合乎逻辑性”，这三项在文中第五段内容中都有相互对应的内容。

10.

Thecontestantcouldhavewonifhe/she______.A.hadnotbeenbeatenbysomelegalwordsB.hadknownsomethingaboutLatinC.hadnotbeensoeagertobeamillionaireD.hadaskedthequestionaboutCicero正确答案：B[解析]根据文中第六段的内容“InoticedthatthequestionwhichfelledthecontestantwouldalmostcertainlynothavestumpedhimhadhehadsomeLatin.”可知，懂一点拉丁语就不会让参赛者那么容易被打败。所以B项符合题意。A项“没有被法律术语打败过”，C项“没有如此渴望成为一为百万富翁”，D项“已经问了一些关于西塞罗的问题”，这三项和文中第六段内容不符合。

ThelatePaulSamuelsononcequippedthat"womenarejustmenwithlessmoney."Asafatherofsix,hemighthaveaddedsomethingaboutwomen'sroleinthereproductionofthespecies.Buthisaphorismisaboutasgoodaone-sentencesummaryofclassicalfeminismasyoucanget.

Thefirstgenerationsofsuccessfulwomeninsistedonbeingjudgedbythesamestandardsasmen.Theyhadnothingbutcontemptforthenotionofspecialtreatmentfor"thesisters",andinsteadinsistedongettingaheadbydintofworkingharderandthinkingsmarter.MargaretThatchermadenosecretofhercontemptforthewimpishmenaroundher.(Thereisajokeabouthergoingouttodinnerwithhercabinet."Steakorfish?"asksthewaiter."Steak,ofcourse,"shereplies."Andforthevegetables?They'llhavesteakaswell.")DuringAmerica'smostrecentpresidentialelectionHillaryClintontauntedBarackObamawithanadvertisementthatimpliedthathe,unlikeshe,wasnotuptothechallengeofansweringtheredphoneat3am.

Manypioneeringbusinesswomenpridethemselvesontheirtoughness.DongMingzhu,thebossofGreeElectricAppliances,anair-conditioninggiant,saysflatly,"Inevermiss.IneveradmitmistakesandIamalwayscorrect."Inthepastthreeyearshercompanyhasboostedshareholderreturnsbynearly500%.

Butsomeoftoday'smostinfluentialfeministscontendthatwomenwillneverfulfilltheirpotentialiftheyplaybymen'srules.AccordingtoAvivahWittenberg-CoxandAlisonMaitland,twoofthemostprominentexponentsofthisposition,itisnotenoughtosmashtheglassceiling.Youneedtoaudittheentirebuildingfor"genderasbestos"—inotherwords,rootouttheinherentsexismbuiltintocorporatestructuresandprocesses.

Thenewfeminismcontendsthatwomenarewireddifferentlyfrommen,andnotjustintrivialways.Theyarelessaggressiveandmoreconsensus-seeking,lesscompetitiveandmorecollaborative,lesspower-obsessedandmoregroup-oriented.JudyRosener,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,arguesthatwomenexcelat"transformational"and"interactive"management.PeninahThomsonandJaceyGraham,theauthorsof"AWoman'sPlaceisintheBoardroom",assertthatwomenare"betterlateralthinkersthanmen"and"moreidealistic"intothebargain.Feministtextsaresuddenlyfullofreferencestotribesofmonkeys,withtheiraggressivemalesandnurturingfemales.

Whatismore,theargumentruns,thesesupposedlywomanlyqualitiesarebecomingevermorevaluableinbusiness.Therecentfinancialcrisisprovedthatthesortofqualitiesthatmenpridethemselveson,suchasrisk-takingandbare-knucklecompetition,canleadtodisaster.LehmanBrotherswouldneverhavehappenedifithadbeenLehmanSisters,accordingtothistheory.Evenbeforethefinancialdisasterstruck,thenewfeministsalsoclaim,thebestcompanieshadbeenabandoning"patriarchal"hierarchiesinfavorof"collaboration"and"networking",skillsinwhichwomenhaveaninherentadvantage.

Thisargumentmaysoundalittlelikethestuffofgenderworkshopsinrighteousuniversities.Butitisgainingfollowersinpowerfulplaces.McKinsey,themostvenerableofmanagementconsultancies,haspublishedresearcharguingthatwomenapplyfiveofthenine"leadershipbehaviors"thatleadtocorporatesuccessmorefrequentlythanmen.NiallFitzGerald,thedeputychairmanofThomsonReutersandaformerbossofUnilever,isascloseasyoucangettotheheartofthecorporateestablishment.Heproclaims,"Womenhavedifferentwaysofachievingresults,andleadershipqualitiesthatarebecomingmoreimportantasourorganizationsbecomelesshierarchicalandmorelooselyorganizedaroundmatrixstructures."

Manycompaniesareabandoningtheold-fashionedcommitmenttotreatingeverybodyequallyandinsteadbecoming"genderadapted"and"genderbilingual"—intouchwiththeuniquemanagementwisdomoftheirfemaleemployees.Ahostofconsultancieshassprunguptoteachfirmshowtolistentowomenandexploittheirspecialabilities.

Thenewfeministsarerighttobefrustratedaboutthepaceofwomen'sprogressinbusiness.Britain'sEqualityandHumanRightsCommissioncalculatedthat,atthecurrentrateofprogress,itwilltake60yearsforwomentogainequalrepresentationontheboardsoftheFTSE100.Theyarealsorightthatold-fashionedfeminismtooktoolittleaccountofwomen'sroleinraisingchildren.Buttheirargumentsabouttheinnatedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenaresloppyandcounterproductive.

Peoplewhobangonaboutinnatedifferencesshouldrememberthatvariationwithinsubgroupsinthepopulationisusuallybiggerthanthevariationbetweensubgroups.Evenifitcanbeestablishedthat,onaverage,womenhaveahigher"emotional-intelligencequotient"thanmen,thatsayslittleaboutanyspecificwoman.Judgingpeopleasindividualsratherthanasrepresentativesofgroupsisbothmorallyrightandgoodforbusiness.

Caring,sharingandengineering

Besides,manyofthemostsuccessfulwomenaretobefoundinhard-edgedcompanies,ratherthanthetouchy-feelyorganizationsofthenewfeministimagination:Areva(nuclearenergy),AngloAmerican(mining),ArcherDanielsMidland(agribusiness),DuPont(chemicals),Sunoco(oil)andXerox(technology)allhavefemalebosses.TheCranfieldSchoolofManagement'sFemaleFTSE100Indexrevealsthattwooftheindustrieswiththebestrecordforpromotingwomentotheirboardsarebankingandtransport.

WomenwouldbewelladvisedtoignorethesirenvoicesofthenewfeminismandlistentoMsDonginstead.Despitetheirfrustration,thefuturelooksbright.Womenarenowoutperformingmenmarkedlyinschoolanduniversity.Itwouldbeagravemistaketoabandonold-fashionedmeritocracyjustatthetimewhenitisturningtowomen'sadvantage.

("Womenomics",bySchumpeter,fromTheEconomist,Jan.2nd,2010)11.

IncitingPaulSamuelson'saphorismas"womenarejustmenwithlessmoney",theauthormostprobablyintendsto______.A.implythatthereisnoradicaldifferencebetweenmanandwomanB.indicatethathisargumentisbasedonauthoritativeresearchandisplausibleC.arousethepotentialaddressees'interestwitheye-catchingviewpointD.setupanexplicittargettorefuteinthefollowingpassage正确答案：C

12.

Accordingtothecontext,"redphone"inthelastlineofparagraph2ofthepassagemayreferto______.A.ahotlinesystemthatallowsdirectcommunicationbetweentheleadersoftheUnitedStatesandothercountriesB.aphonecallthatmayinvolveimperativeissueandneedaquickdecisionC.nothingmorethanaphonepeculiartotheovalofficeintheWhitehouseD.noneoftheabove正确答案：B

13.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsmightbetheauthor'spointofview?A.Feministmanagementtheoristsareflirtingwithsomedangerousarguments.B.Itisimpossibleforwomentofulfilltheirpotentialiftheyplaybymen'srules.C.Womanlyqualitiesarebecomingevermorevaluableinbusinessnowadays.D.ItisunnecessaryforthenewfeministstoworryaboutthefewrepresentationwomenhavegotontheboardsoftheFTSE100.正确答案：A

14.

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedemiseofLehmanmighthavesomethingtodowith______.A.suchsupposedlymanlyqualitiesofitsleaderasrisking-takingandbare-knucklecompetitionB.itsinsistencyontheold-fashionedpatriarchalhierarchiesinsteadofonmodemideassuchascollaborationandnetworkingC.disproportionbetweenthenumbersofmaleandfemalestaffwhichmayleadtodivergentmanagementdecisionsD.noneoftheabove正确答案：D

15.

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword"genderbilingual"inparagraph7ofthepassage?A.Becapableofspeakingboththelanguagesusedbymaleandfemale.B.Becapableofthinkinginbothmaleandfemaleways.C.Becapableoftreatingmaleandfemaleequallyindealingwithbusiness.D.Becapableofmakinggooduseoftheadvantagesofferedbyfemalestaff.正确答案：D

16.

Takethewholepassageintoconsideration,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Manysuccessfulbusinesswomenareveryfirmandconfidentintheirattitudes.B.Someofthemostinfluential