翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟21

翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟21ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.

Itisknowntoallthatchildren（江南博哥）inthisregionhavestrong______toswimminginsummerbecauseofthehotweather.A.inclinationB.exposureC.fluxD.correlation正确答案：A[解析]inclination倾向，爱好；exposure曝光，揭发；flux涨潮，变迁；correlation相关性。答案是A。

2.

Certainlymanmust______thefuture,andfindwaysofprovidingforhisuse.A.looktoB.lookupC.lookforD.lookon正确答案：A[解析]lookto指望；lookup查找(词语)；lookfor寻找；lookon旁观，看待。

3.

Accordingtotheweatherforecast,whichisusually______,itwillrainthisafternoon.A.exactB.accurateC.perfectD.precise正确答案：B[解析]近义辨析

A．exact精确的，准确的(指在各个细节都完全准确)；B．accurate正确的，精确的(尤指信息、度量等)；C．perfect完美无缺的，极好的，技艺精湛的，理想的(着重指质量)；D．precise信息、资料精确、清楚(常用在名词之前)；因此B为答案。

4.

Ifitgoesonto______itsresponsibilities,thentheBritishgovernmentmustactimmediatelyinitsplace.A.disciplineB.abdicateC.bashD.challenge正确答案：B[解析]动词辨析

A．discipline训练；B．abdicate退位，放弃(职位，权力等)；C．bash猛击，打坏；D．chailenge向…．—挑战；此句意为：如果它继续这样放弃自己的权力(不承担责任)，那么英国政府就必须立即接手。因此B为答案。

5.

Thetwocountrieshavedevelopeda______relationandincreasedagreatdealinforeigntrade.A.managerialB.lethalC.metricD.cordial正确答案：D[解析]managerial管理的，经理的；lethal致命的，杀伤性的；metric米制的，公制的；cordial友好的，真诚的。答案是D。

6.

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas______byhiscolleagues.A.imaginativeB.ingeniousC.impracticalD.theoretical正确答案：C[解析]从空前的“condemn”(谴责)可知此处应为impractical(不切实际的)，如：Refloatingthesunkenshipprovedimpracticalbecauseofthegreatexpense．打捞沉船由于费用巨大而显得不切实际。

7.

Ifwecan______anykindofkillinginthenameofreligion,thedoorisopenedforallkindsofotherjustifications.A.purifyB.satisfyC.justifyD.verify正确答案：C

8.

Thousandsofpeopleturnedoutintothestreetsto______againstthelocalauthorities'decisiontobuildahighwayacrossthefield.A.contradictB.reformC.counterD.protest正确答案：D[解析]protestagainst为固定搭配，表示“抗议，反对，对……表示不满”，用在此处符合要求。因此，正确答案为D。

9.

Astechnologicaladvancesputmoreandmoretimebetweenearlyschoollifeandtheyoungperson'sfinalaccesstospecializedwork,thestageof______becomesanevenmoremarkedandconsciousperiod.A.adolescenceB.adjacencyC.advantageD.adventure正确答案：A[解析]形近识别。

adolescence青春期；adjacency邻近，毗邻；advantage优势；adventure冒险。

10.

Inmostcountries,themetricsystemhasbeen______forallmeasurement.A.admittedB.adaptedC.appliedD.adopted正确答案：D[解析]A项的admit意为“接受”；B项的adapt意为“适应，适合，改编”；C项的apply表示“实施，应用”；D项的adopt表示“采用，采纳”。比较词义，D项符合句子含义。为正确答案。

11.

I'lljust______aneyeoverthesefiguresbeforeyoutypethem.A.tossB.castC.flingD.throw正确答案：B[解析]近义辨析。

这四个词都指“投，抛，掷”。cast指转向或引向：Alleyeswerecastuponthespeaker．所有目光皆投注在说话者身上。toss：指以迅猛的速度突然移动或抬起(头)：tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance在轻盈活泼的舞步中抬起他们的头。fling指摆动(身体一部分)：Sheflungbackherheadproudly．她傲气地把头一扬。throw指发出，投射：Shethrewmealookofencouragement．她向我投来鼓励的目光。

12.

Wewillnotbeheldresponsibleforanydamagewhichresults______roughhandling.A.fromB.offC.inD.to正确答案：A[解析]习语辨析。

resultfrom由于……而发生，是……的结果：Anydamagetoabookresultingfromnegligencemustbepaidforbytheborrower．由于疏忽而对书籍所造成的损坏应由借阅者赔偿。resultin结果是，导致：Thesesafetymeasureswillresultinthereductionofworkaccident．这些安全措施将减少工伤事故。

13.

Themanwenttoprison,butthetwoboys______withawarning.A.tookoffB.gotoffC.keptoffD.setoff正确答案：B[解析]本题意为“那个男子坐牢去了，可是那两个男孩只受到警告而没有受到处罚”。B项的“getoff逃脱惩罚”符合题意。其他三项“takeoff脱下(衣服)，飞机(起飞)；keepoff让开，不接近；setoff=startoff=setout=startout出发”都不正确。

14.

TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnot______firstplacetoanyteam.A.yokeB.yellC.yieldD.yearn正确答案：C[解析]词义辨析

A．yoke把……套上轭，结合，连接；B．yell大叫，叫着说，忍不住笑；C．yield出产，生长，(...to)屈服，屈从；D．yearn渴望，想念，向往；因表：他们不会将第一的位子让给任何队，因此C为答案。

15.

Thesesampleshavetobe______incertainkindofchemicalwaterinordertoprotectthem.A.immersedB.crispedC.armoredD.arrayed正确答案：A[解析]immersed沉浸的，使陷入；crisped起皱的；armored武装，装甲的；arrayed打扮，装饰。答案是A。

16.

Theysaidthattheyhadmadeuptheirmindsto______thetaskinspiteoftheextremelydifficultconditions.A.carry

offB.carry

onC.carry

outD.carry

forward正确答案：B[解析]习语辨析

A．carryoff夺去……的生命，获得，成功对付；B．carryon继续开展，坚持，举止朱常；C．carryout完成，实现，贯彻，执行；D．carryforward发扬，结转；此句意为：他们说尽管处境异常艰难，但他们决定将这项任务继续开展下去。因此答案为B。

17.

Onlyone-fifthofAmericanssawoilasthechiefmasonthattheU.S.madeawaronIraq,but75percentoftheFrenchandoftheRussiansbelieved______.A.toB.soC.goD.do正确答案：B[解析]习语辨析。

believe想，认为：“Hashearrivedyet?”“Ibelieveso.”“他到了吗?”“我想是到了。”

18.

Thesolidarityamongtheyoung,especiallythe386Generation,issostrongthatit'shelpingto______thecountry'sdeep-rootedregionaldivide.A.enhanceB.dissolveC.weakenD.move正确答案：B

19.

Sincetheshipmentconsistsofseasonablegoods,itisimportantthatitis______assoonaspossible.A.deletedB.demandedC.deliveredD.detached正确答案：C[解析]

形近识别。

deliver递送，传送(包裹、货物)：Wedeliver(yourorder)toyourdoor．我们送货上门。delete删除或删略(文字)：Theeditordeletedthelastparagraphfromthearticle．编辑删除了文章的最后一段。demand要求，请求：Theworkersaredemandingbetterpay．工人要求提高工资。detach拆开，分开：Detachalinkfromachain．从链子上拆下一个链环。

20.

Lincoln,whomanyregardasoneofourgreatpresidents,wasoften______despitehisreputationoftellinggoodjokes.A.brightB.optimisticC.gloomyD.cheerful正确答案：C[解析]词义辨析

A．bright明亮的，欢快的，聪明的，伶俐的；B．optimistic乐观的；C．gloomy黑暗的，阴沉的，阴郁的，令人沮丧的；D．cheerful愉快的，高兴的；而本句要表达的是：林肯被许多人认为是最伟大的总统之一；尽管他有着善讲幽默笑话的名气，他却经常是的。根据语境判断，答案只能是C才符合逻辑。

Part2VocabularyReplacement1.

Oneoftheeffectivewaystolessenenvironmentalpollutionisthereservationandprotectionofmoreswamps.A.vastthickcoralsB.pocketsofwetlandC.warmvolcanoesD.millionsofbeesandwasps正确答案：B[解析]名词辨析

swamp沼泽，湿地：Theswampcountryisinclinedtopoachinwinter．这片沼泽地带在冬季一踏就陷下去了。B．pocketsofwetland小快湿地。coral珊瑚；volcano火山；beesandwasps蜜蜂和黄蜂。

2.

Iwasmostfavorablystruckbytheassurancewithwhichtheboyansweredallmyquestions.A.insuranceB.confidenceC.reluctanceD.independence正确答案：B[解析]本题中，assurance的意思是“确信，断言，保证，担保”。四个选项中，confidence的意思是“信心”，如：Wehavefullconfidencethatweshallsucceed．(我们完全有把握取得成功)。insurance的意思是“保险(业)”；reluctance的意思是“勉强”；independence的意思是“独立”。只有B项符合题意。

3.

Therearemorepeoplewhoareobesetodaythan20yearsago.A.gainfullyemployedB.upwardlymobileC.excessivelyoverweightD.privatelyeducated正确答案：C[解析]形容词辨析。

obese肥胖的，极胖的。gainfullyemployed有报酬工作的。upwardlymobile能向较高的经济地位和社会地位流动的：upwardlymobileyoungexecutive能升迁的年轻行政人员。privatelyeducated受过私人教育的。

4.

The20th-centurypoemsuggeststosomethingwehavebeenabletofindnothingabout.A.alludesB.avoidsC.allegesD.alerts正确答案：A[解析]动词辨析

suggests建议，提出，使想起，暗示；而A．alludes暗指，影射，间接提到；B．avoids避免，消除；C．alleges宣称，断言；D．alerts警告，因此A为答案。

5.

ItisreportedthatthelatestoutbreakofthebirdfluinPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStateshaspromptedChinatoslapabanonpoultryimportsfromthestate.A.marineproductsB.dairyproductsC.industrialproductsD.avianproducts正确答案：D[解析]本题意为“据报道，最近美国宾夕法利亚洲爆发的禽流感促使中国很快下令禁止从该地区进口家禽类食品”。poultry的意思是“家禽类食品”；D项的“avianproducts鸟类食品”符合题意。其他三项“marineproducts海产食品；dairyproducts乳制食品；industrialproducts工业产品”都不正确。

6.

"Holmes!"Iwhispered."Whatonearthareyoudoinginthisdisgustingplace?"A.humbleB.unpleasantC.underprivilegedD.noisy正确答案：B[解析]形容词辨析。

disgusting令人厌恶的；unpleasant使人不愉快的，讨厌的：Nobodyknowswhytherehasbeenanunpleasantatmosphereintheofficethesedays．没有人知道为什么这些日子办公室的气氛一直令人不快。humble卑下的，微贱的，谦逊的，粗陋的；underprivileged被剥夺基本权力的，穷困的，下层社会的；noisy嘈杂的，聒噪的。

7.

Asaconductor,LeonardBernsteinisfamousforhisintenselyvigorousandexuberantstyle.A.extremeB.enthusiasticC.prosperousD.nervous正确答案：B[解析]形容词辨析。

exuberant(人或行为)充满活力的：exuberanthighspirits精神焕发。enthusiastic热心的，热情的，热烈的：beenthusiasticforsth．对某事热心。extreme极端的，极度的：extremepleasure极度高兴。prosperous繁荣的，繁盛的：aprosperous

newbusiness一家成功的新公司。nervous担扰的，焦虑的，紧张不安的：Thespeakergaveanervouscough．演说的人紧张得咳嗽了一声。

8.

Then,policebegantocallattheapartmentsintheneighborhood,investigatingcar-smashing,shop-lifting,andotherincidents.A.coincidencesB.accidentsC.incentivesD.occurrences正确答案：D[解析]名词辨析

incidents表：事件；A．coincidences巧合；B．accidents事故；C．incentives刺激，鼓励，动机；D．occurrences(偶发)事件，发生的事情；因此D为答案。

9.

Exportofhandicraftproductsisthemainstayofthecounty'seconomy.A.richresourcesB.primaryconcernC.onlysourceD.mainsupport正确答案：D[解析]本题中，mainstay的意思是“支柱，中流砥柱”。四个选项中，mainsupport的意思是“主要支柱”；richresources的意思是“丰富资源”；primaryconcern的意思是“基本关注”；onlysource的意思是“唯一来源”。只有D项符合题意。

10.

Perhapsmorethananythingelse,itwasoneroustaxesthatledtothePeasants'RevoltinEnglandin1381.A.multipleB.unjustC.burdensomeD.infamous正确答案：C[解析]本题中，onerous的意思是“繁重的，费力的”。四个选项中，burdensome的意思是“繁重的，累人的”，如：a．burdensometask(一项艰巨的任务)。multiple的意思是“多样的”；unjust的意思是“不公正的”；infamous的意思是“声名狼藉的”。只有C项符合题意。

11.

Afterlongtimeofhesitation,thewomangavefreeventtoherpent-upemotion.A.intenseB.writtenC.strongD.confined正确答案：D[解析]形容词辨析

A．intense强烈的，剧烈的，热切的；D．confined被限制的，狭窄的；而pent-up表示：幽闭的，被压抑的；所以答案为D。

12.

ThepeopleofChinaareworkingveryhardtomakeconcertedeffortstoinvigoratethecountry.A.enjoyableB.persistentC.encouragedD.joint正确答案：D[解析]形容词辨析

A．enjoyable令人愉快的，可享受的；B．persistent持久稳固的；C．encouraged被鼓励的；D．joint共同的，联合的，连带的；而concerted表示：商议定的，协定的，有关的，有牵连的；所以答案为D。

13.

Thisstyleofwriting,incidentally,issuggestiveofwhatiscalledthe"newsreeltechnique"ofJohndosPassos.A.reminiscentB.collectiveC.forgettableD.advisable正确答案：A[解析]suggestive的意思是“暗示的，引起联想的”。四个选项中，reminiscent(与of连用)的意思是“使人联想的”，如：aneveningreminiscentofhappiertimes．(令人回想幸福时光的傍晚)。collective的意思是“集体的”；forgettable的意思是“容易被忘的”；advisable的意思是“建议的”。只有A符合题意。

14.

Wearecountingonyouroffertohelpduringtheelection.A.relyingB.hopingforC.expectingD.discounting正确答案：C[解析]习语辨析

countingon依靠，指望；而A．relying依赖，依靠，信赖，信任(与on，upon连用)；B．hopingfor希望，期待；C．expecting期待，预期，盼望，指望；D．discounting不重视；不理会；因此C为答案。

15.

Anytroopofwildanimalsshouldbeapproachedwarily.A.fearlesslyB.confidentlyC.silentlyD.prudently正确答案：D[解析]本题中，warily的意思是“小心警惕地”。D项“prudently谨慎地，慎重地”符合题意，如：bemodestandprudent(谦虚谨慎)。其他三项“fearlessly勇敢地；confidently信赖地，安心地；silently默默地，静静地”都不正确。

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.

ThebookprovidestipsforWesternerswhoworkinJapanesefirms:gettogetheroutsidetheoffice,findamentorforsupportandrefrainforpracticingJapanesewithcolleaguesonthejob.A.ofB.froC.offD.from正确答案：D[解析]固定搭配

refrain(与from连用)抑制，自制，避免；例：torefrainfromsmoking戒烟；本句意为：这本书为在日本公司工作的西方人提供了些提示：在办公室外聚会，(遇到问题)找顾问帮忙，还有要避免在工作场合练习日语。因此D为答案。

2.

Nothingfuelscynicismforwatching,twotitanicinstitutionswrangleovertheirreputations.A.No...asB.Something...likeC.Nothing...likeD.No...than正确答案：C[解析]本句意为：没有什么能像观看两大机构就其名誉进行争辩而能招致人们的冷言冷语的；

“没有什么”用作主语时应用代词nothing，...watching...“像……一样”在此应用介词而不是连词；因此C为答案。

3.

Thehumanbeingshavepollutedtheenvironmentseriously.ItistimetheUnitedNationsmusttakesomemeasures.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took正确答案：D[解析]结构应用

本句考察的是虚拟语气结构。Itis(about/high)timethat...句型用虚拟语气，其谓语部分用一般过去时，因此D为答案。

4.

Moreandmorevehiclesusingcheapfuel,declaredscientistsattheconference,haveleftBangkok'schildrenwithbodyleadlevelstheworldhighest.A.intheworldhighestB.intheworld'shighestC.amongtheworld'shighestD.amongthehighestofworld正确答案：C[解析]结构应用

本句意为：科学家们在会议上宣称，(泰国首都)曼谷有越来越多的车辆使用廉价的燃料，使得那里儿童体内的铅含量成为世界(几个)最高(中的一个)。因为thehighest在本句中作宾语补足语，且曼谷不是唯一的儿童体内铅含量高的城市，因此应用amongtheworld'shighest，C为答案。

5.

Becauseourworkisverybusy,soweneedtorelaxatmidday.A.Weareverybusy,B.Ourworkbeingbusy,C.Ourworksoverybusy,D.Becauseourworksoverybusy,正确答案：B[解析]结构应用

本句考察的是独立结构：划线部分在句中作状语，但状语的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，因此用独立结构作状语，因此B为答案。

6.

Thephotoperiodicresponseofalgaeactuallydependsonthedurationofdarkness,butnotontheresponseoflight.A.isnotonlightB.butis'notonthelightC.andnotonlightD.thelightisnoton正确答案：C[解析]结构应用

本句意为：海藻的光周期反应事实上依黑暗的持续时间而定，而不是靠光的反应。英语中表示并列用and，抽象名词和物质名词前不加冠词；因此C为答案。

7.

ThisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportantsidesofAmericanlife.A.fashionsB.frontiersC.facetsD.formats正确答案：C[解析]词语运用

A．fashions样子，方式，流行，风尚；B．frontiers国境，边疆，边境；C．facets(多面体的)面，方面，刻面；D．formats开本，版式，形式，格式；因此C为答案。

8.

Themade-in-Americaideaoftheglobalbrandhasbuiltanamethatpeoplewillbuyonfaith,andthepioneerwasCoca-Cola.A.isbuildingB.istobuildC.wastobuildD.wasbuilding正确答案：B

9.

Don'tbelate.Ihatetobewaitingforalongtime.A.beingkeepingB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.bekeeping正确答案：C[解析]keepsomebodywaiting使某人等待(尤指由于迟到)，如：I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting．很抱歉让你等了半天。本句意为：别迟到啊，我讨厌长时间等人。在此因为等待别人而不是使别人等待，所以用被动语态tobekeptwaiting；因此C为答案。

10.

Theearliestformofartificiallightingwasfire,whichalsoprovidedwarmandprotection.A.hotB.sunshineC.warmthD.safe正确答案：C[解析]本题考查名词。句意为：人工照明的最早方式就是火，火可以提供温暖和保护。所以，此处应该填入一个名词和protection并列，作provided的宾语。故可排除A、D两项。由常识可知，火不可以提供“sunshine”，故排除B。所以，答案是C。

11.

AprofessorofeconomicandhistoryatAtlantaUniversity,W．E．B．DuBois,promotedfullracialequality.A.economyB.economicsC.economicalD.economic正确答案：B[解析]本题考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填入一个名词和history一起作介词of的并列宾语，表示“经济学和历史教授”。Economical意为“节约的，经济的”，economic意为“经济(上)的，经济学的”，均为形容词，故排除C、D两项；economy意为“经济，节约”，economics意为“经济学”，为名词。但根据句意可知，答案为B。

12.

Watermakesupsome70percentagepointsofthebody,anddrinkingenoughwater-eithertapwaterorexpensivemineralwater-willensurethatthebodyisproperlylubricatedandflushed.A.per-centB.percapitaC.percentD.percentage正确答案：C[解析]本题考查习惯搭配。句意为：水占了身体比例的70%，又能用足够的水——不管是自来水还是昂贵的矿泉水——都能确保身体的滋润和兴奋。percentagepoints“百分点”百分之几通常用“num+percentof+noun”表示。所以，答案是C。

13.

Whatdistinguishedherintheothergirlswasherpeculiarhairstyle.A.toB.fromC.thanD.with正确答案：B[解析]固定搭配

distinguish…from把……和……区别开来；此句意为：她独特的发型使人能将她与其他女孩区分开来；因此B为答案。

14.

Maryisasfastas,ifnotfasterthan,anyoneinherclassandshouldbeontheteam.A.asfast,ifnotfasterthan,anyoneelseB.asfastas,ifnotmorefastthan,anyoneC.asfastas,ifnotfasterthan,anyoneelseD.asfast,ifnotfasterthan,anyone正确答案：C[解析]结构应用

本题考察的是比较级的使用：同等比较用的是as+形容词/副词的原级+as+比较对象；优等比较是在少于两个音节的形容词/副词后加-er，或用more+形容词/副词的原级+than；注意more不能修饰以-er构成的比较级；因此只有C为答案。

15.

Weshouldletmoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrencanenjoyscientificearlyeducation.A.providemoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrentoenjoyearlyeducationB.providemoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrentoenjoyearlyeducationandscientificC.provideyoungparentsandtheirchildrenenjoymorescientificearlyeducationD.provideyoungparentsandtheirchildrenwithmoreearlyeducationservices正确答案：D[解析]固定搭配。

letsb.do结构后面不能加videsb.withsth.表示“提供”。

ⅡReadingComprehension

Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.

"Theburntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Bothexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudesstemfromexperience.Inonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereindoctrinatedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.

Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordtheyrespect.

Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendelvesomewhatdeeplyintoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexico,histeacher'smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.

Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudies(withspecialreferencetoraces,creedsandnationalities),sciencemattersofhealthandsafety,theveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.

However.whenchildrencometoschoolwithundesirableattitudes,itisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.

Toillustrate,firstgradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesameway,aclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussion,research,outsidereadingandall-daytrips.

Finally,ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes,becauseherinfluencecanbedeleteriousifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionsasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.1.

Thecentralideaoftheabovepassageisthat______.A.attitudesaffectouractionsB.teachersareimportantindevelopingorchangingpupils'attitudesC.attitudescanbechangedbysomeclassroomexperiencesD.bytheirattitudes,teachersinadvertentlyaffectpupils'attitudes正确答案：B[解析]本题考查文章大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述影响人态度的因素，其中汉族要讲述了老师对发展和改变学生态度方面的重要作用，所以，答案是B。

2.

Theword"despot"underlinedinParagraph2meansaperson______.A.whoenjoysahighreputationB.whoisverysuccessfulinpoliticsC.withunlimitedpowersD.whodepositsalargesumofmoneyinabank正确答案：C[解析]本题考查推理判断。由常识可知，希特勒是德国元首，且名声极差，故排除A。B、D也不正确。我们可以推断的是他具有无限的权利。所以，答案是C。

3.

Thepupils'attitudesareNOTinfluencedby______.A.theirparents'persuasiontobehaveproperlyB.theirteachers'attitudesC.thespeechestheyhearandthebookstheyreadD.suchmediaassocialstudies,sciencematterandclassroomatmosphere正确答案：A[解析]本题考查是非判断。根据第二段“TheNaziswereindoctrinatedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread．”可知，C项正确；根据第三段Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordtheyrespect．可知，A项正确；根据第五段Socialstudies(withspecialreferencetoraces，creedsandnationalities)，sciencemattersofhealthandsafety，theveryatmosphereoftheclassroom.可知，D项正确。所以，答案是A

4.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthepupils______.A.usuallystudyacertainsubjectingreaterdetailsathomethanatschoolB.usuallydonotstudyacertainsubjectathomeC.studythesubjectsonlyatschoolD.studyasubjectmoredeeplyatschoolthanathome正确答案：D[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据第四段的Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendelvesomewhatdeeplyintoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore．可知，对于在家触碰到的问题，还在在学校就喜欢深研究。所以，答案是D。

5.

Theexampleofthepupils'learningaboutMexicoshowsthat______.A.achildusuallylearnstherightthingsfromtheirteachersB.ateachercancorrectapupil'swrongideasC.ateacher'sattitudecaninfluenceachild'sattitudebyteachingD.achild'sattitudeisverychangeable正确答案：C[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据第四段的ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexico，histeacher'smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans．可知，对于一个事先不了解墨西哥的孩子来说，老师对待这一单元的态度会大大地影响孩子对墨西哥人的态度。所以，答案是C。

6.

Theauthorimpliesthat______.A.theteachershouldguidealldiscussionsbyrevealingherownattitudeB.insomeaspectsofsocialstudiesagreatervarietyofmethodscanbeusedintheuppergradesthaninthelowergradesC.peopleusuallyactonthebasisofreasoningratherthanemotionD.children'sattitudesoftencomefromthoseofotherchildren正确答案：B[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段Toillustrate，firstgradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem．Inthesameway，aclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussion，research，outsidereadingandall-daytrips．可知，对于一年级的学生，我们只能用一种方法改变其态度，而对于大点的学生，我们可以采用很多方式发展其态度。由此推断，答案是B。

7.

Astatementmadeorimpliedinthepassageisthat______.A.attitudescanbebasedonthelearningoffalsehoodsB.achildcandevelopintheclassroomanattitudeabouttheimportanceofbrushinghisteethC.attitudescannoteasilybechangedbyrewardsandlecturesD.theattitudesofelementaryschool-agedchildrenareinfluencedprimarilybytheirteachers正确答案：D[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句“Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes．”可知，小学老师对学生态度的影响起决定性的作用。由此推之，答案是D。

8.

Thepassagespecificallystatesthat______.A.directexperiencesaremorevaluablethanindirectonesB.whateverattitudesachildlearnsinschoolhavealreadybeenintroducedathomeC.teachersshouldalwaysconcealtheirownattitudesD.teacherscansometimeshaveanunwholesomeinfluenceonchildren正确答案：D[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes，becauseherinfluencecanbedeleteriousifshehaspersonalprejudices．可知，老师必须不断的评估自己的态度，因为，如果他有个人偏见的话，他的影响就很有害。所以，答案是D。

9.

Fromthelastparagraph,wecanseethat______.A.ateacher'sinfluenceonchildrenisalwayspositiveB.childrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionsbyignoringobjectivefactsC.ifimproperlyhandled,ateacher'sinfluencecanbeveryharmfultothechildrenD.childrenmaydevelopprejudicesiftheteacher'sattitudeiswrong正确答案：C[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes,becauseherinfluencecanbedeleteriousifshehaspersonalprejudices．可知，老师必须不断的评估自己的态度，因为，如果他有个人偏见的话，他的影响就很有害。所以，答案是C。

10.

Theauthorofthispassagetriesto______.A.presentcertainfactsofhowthedevelopmentofaperson'sattitudecanbeinfluencedB.showthatoursocietyisnotdoingenoughtohelpchildrenshapetheirattitudesC.pointoutthatteachersaretheonlypeoplewhocaninfluencethechildren'sattitudesD.provethatspeechesandbooksaretheonlyfactorstoindoctrinatechildren正确答案：A[解析]本题考查文章意图。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了影响人态度的主要因素，其中主要介绍老师对人的态度的影响。所以，答案是A。

Itsoundslikeasciencefiction,butresearcherssayit'sascientificfact:Microscopicorganismsdubbed"killeralgae"areparalyzingfishwithunknowntoxinsandtheneatingawayattheirflesh.Theymightbemakingpeoplesick,too.

Thenamegiventothissingle-cellorganism,ordinoflagellate,isPfiesteriapiscimorte-literally,"fishkiller."ItwasdiscoveredatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityin1988,butatthesametime,fewscientistsbelievedinitsexistence,muchlessinitshighlyunusualpredatorynature.Butongoingresearchhasledtointernationalacknowledgmentofthephenomenonand,recently,researchfunding.

Seeminglypromptedbyanunknownsubstancesecretedbyfish,theaggressivecreatureswimsintoaction.Itsendsneurotoxinsintothewaterandair,paralyzingafish'snervoussystem,andcausingittogaspforairatthesurface.Eventuallythefishsuffocates.Thekillerdinoflagellatethenattachesitselftothefishandbeginssuckingawayatitsflesh.Thismacabrescenariomayhelpsolveseveralseamysteries,suchaswhyfishermenreportseeing"fishwalks"(fishtryingtoleavethewater)andpoolsofdeadfishwithholeseatenthroughthem.

Whetherhumansareaffectedbythedinoflagellate'stoxinremainstobeseen.Researchersthinkit'sunlikelyeatingfreshfishareindanger,butanyonewithfrequentexposuretothecreaturecouldbeinperil.Severalresearchersworkingwiththealgaehavereportedboutsofmemorylossanddisorientation.

Tounderstandthekilleralgaefurther,scientistsmustfullycharacterizetheirtoxinanddeterminewhatstimulatesthemtoattack.Theyalsoneedtoknowifthealgaearehurtingfishpopulations,andwhetherpollutantsmakethemmorelikelytoattack.11.

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.A.informingreadersofdifferentseacreaturesB.describingpredatorymicroscopicorganismsC.solvingsomelong-lastingmysteriesabouttheseaD.discussingtheenvironmentforvariousfishes正确答案：B[解析]主旨题型

通读全文可知本文第一段是本文的主旨：讲的是ascientificfact：Microscopicorganismsareparalyzingfishwithunknowntoxinsandtheneatingawayattheirflesh.Theymightbemakingpeoplesicktoo.因此整体讲的是Microscopicorganisms,B为答案。(第一段讲的是：听上去像一篇科幻小说，但研究人员说这是一个科学事实：一种绰号为“藻类杀手”的微观生物用一种不知名的(生物)毒素麻痹鱼类，然后食用它们的肉。它们也可能会使人类得病。)

12.

Theword"they"underlinedinParagraph1refersto______.A.organismsB.fishC.toxinsD.flesh正确答案：A[解析]推断题型

见第一段第一句，麻痹鱼类后食用鱼肉的microscopicorganisms也许会使人类得病。根据句子结构判断也可判断此处的they指的即是前面的microscopicorganisms，因此A为答案。

13.

Theword"literally"underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.A.namelyB.superficiallyC.imaginativelyD.actually正确答案：D[解析]词义题型

见第二段第一句：Thenamegiventothissingle-cellorganism，ordinoflagellate，isPfiesteriapiscimorte-literally，"fishkiller."可知thissingle-cellorganism即dinoflagellate，就是Pfiesteriapiscimorte，也即“fishkiller”；因指的都是一种东西，因此D为答案。

14.

Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.A.manyscientistshadknowndinoflagellatebefore1988B.therehadbeennosuchorganismsbefore1988C.manyscientistswereindoubtaboutthenatureoftheorganismin1988D.noscientistsknewanythingabouttheorganismin1988正确答案：C[解析]推断题型

见第二段第二句：ItwasdiscoveredatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityin1988，butatthesametime,fewscientistsbelievedinitsexistence,muchlessinitshighlyunusualpredatorynature.(1988年在北卡罗莱纳州立大学发现了这种生物，但同时几乎没什么人相信它的存在，更没有人相信它非同寻常的食肉天性(predatorynature)了。)因此C为答案。

15.

AllthefollowingnamesareusedtodescribetheorganismEXCEPT______.A.dinoflagellateB.PfiesteriapiscimorteC.killeralgaeD.asciencefiction正确答案：D[解析]是非题型

选项A，B都在第二段第一句中提及，选项C在第一段第一句中提到，三者指的都是microscopicorganisms；而选项D是第一段第一句就否定了的；因此D为答案。

16.

Theword"prompted"underlinedinParagraph3means______.A.stimulatedB.attractedC.annoyedD.shocked正确答案：A[解析]词义题型

见第三段第一句：Seeminglypromptedbyanunknownsubstancesecretedbyfish，theaggressivecreatureswimsintoaction.prompt刺激，鼓动；怂恿，敦促；因此与A意义相同；因此选项A为答案。

17.

Whichofthefollowingquestionsisansweredaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage?A.Whatisthetoxinusedbythefishkiller?B.Whofirstdiscoveredtheorganism?C.Howdoesthefishkillerparalyzefish?D.Howmanyfishescantheorganismkilleachday?正确答案：C[解析]是非题型

第一段中提到thefishkiller有toxins，但没提它使用何种toxins，排除选项A；第二段中提到thefishkiller于1988年在大学被发现，但没提及是谁发现的，排除选项B；选项D在文中没有提及；因此C为答案(在第三段第二句中谈到thefishkiller向水中、空气中释放神经毒素，麻痹了鱼类的神经系统，使得鱼类钻到水面呼吸；最终鱼类窒息而死；然后它就附着于鱼身食其肉)。

18.

Researchersthinkthatitis______.A.safetoeatfreshfishB.dangeroustogetclosetothealgaeC.safetobenearthealgaeD.dangeroustoexposethealgae正确答案：B[解析]细节题型

见第四段第二句：Researchersthinkit'sunlikelyea