翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟8

翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟8ⅠVocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsforeachpar（江南博哥）tbeforeansweringthequestions.Thetimeforthissetionis25minutes.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesrespectivelymarkedbylettersA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.BlackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Theexplanationgivenbythemanageryesterdaywasnotatall______tous.A.satisfyB.satisfiedC.satisfactoryD.satisfying正确答案：C[解析]同义辨析。

satisfactory令人满意的：Theresultofthematchwashighlysatisfactory．比赛结果非常令人满意。satisfy使满足：Iofferedhim$1，000tokeepquiet，butthatdidnotsatisfyhimandhewantedevenmore．我给了他一千美元让他保持沉默，但他并不满足，他还要更多的钱。satisfied满意的，满足的：I'mnotfullysatisfiedwiththestandardofyourwork．我对你的工作水准不太满意。satisfying令人满意的，使人满意的：It'sanimmenselysatisfyingjob．这是一个非常令人满意的工作。

2.

Partofthefundswillbeusedto______thatoldlibrarytoitsoriginalsplendor.A.restB.recoverC.replaceD.restore正确答案：D[解析]形近识别。

restore修复(建筑物、家具、艺术品等)：Theoilpaintingwasdamagedinthefloodandhadtobepainstakinglyrestored．这张油画在洪水中损坏了，得费很大力气修复。recover恢复到正常状态(如健康、神智、繁荣)：Tradesoonrecoveredfromtheeffectsofthewar．贸易摆脱了战争的影响而很快复苏了。replace将(某物)放回原处：Replacethebookontheshelfafterreading．读后把书放回原处。

3.

Thissilkhasgoneright______andwehavenotsoldasinglepieceofitforweeks.A.outoffadB.outofpatternC.outofcustomD.outoffashion正确答案：D[解析]习语辨析。

outoffashion过时的：Longhairisoutoffashionnow．留长发已不时兴。

4.

ThenewPersonalDigitalAssistancecontainedalarge______ofinformationaboutanindividualfife.A.dealB.amountC.numberD.account正确答案：B[解析]习语搭配。

alargeamountof大量(后跟不可数名词)：Hercasehasattractedanenormousamountofpublicsympathy．她的案件博得了无数公众的同情。giveanaccountof描述：Shegaveathrillingaccountofherlifeinthejungle．她绘声绘色地描述了自己在丛林中的生活。anumberof大量；若干(后跟可数名词)：Anumberofwell-qualifiedpeoplehaverecentlyleftthecompany．一些非常称职的人已在最近离开了这家公司。

5.

Primitivesuperstitionsthatfeedracismshouldbe______througheducation.A.ignoredB.exaltedC.eradicatedD.canceled正确答案：C[解析]词义辨析。

eradicate根除，消灭：Smallpoxhasalmostbeeneradicated．天花几乎已消灭。ignore故意不理睬：Isaidhellotoher，butsheignoredmecompletely．我向她打招呼，可她根本不理我。exalt颂扬。

6.

______pollutioncontrolmeasuresareexpensive,manylocalgovernmentshesitatetoadoptthem.A.AlthoughB.HoweverC.BecauseD.Moreover正确答案：C[解析]连词辨析。

这两个句子是因果关系。

7.

Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofthebodyofarunner,______tothebody.A.thestressitisgreaterB.greateristhestressC.greaterstressisD.thegreaterthestress正确答案：D[解析]固定用法。

the+比较级，the+比较级。

8.

AnnieJumpCannon,______discoveredsomanystarsthatshewascalled"thecensustakerofthesky".A.aleadingastronomer,B.who,asaleadingastronomer,C.wasaleadingastronomer,D.aleadingastronomerwho正确答案：A[解析]结构识别。

aleadingastronomer是AnnieJumpCannon的同位语。

9.

KingdomofWonders,______in1995inFremont,Calif.,becameanindustrylegendfortwotoys:atalkingbearandaray-gungame.A.findB.foundC.foundedD.founding正确答案：C[解析]语法题。

found创建，建立：Therichmanfoundedahospitalandaschoolinthetownwherehewasborn．这个富翁在他出生的镇上创办了一所医院和一所学校。

10.

Overaverylargenumberoftrials,theprobabilityofanevent______isequaltotheprobabilitythatitwillnotoccur.A.occurringB.tooccurC.occursD.occur正确答案：A[解析]语法题。

这里是现在分词作为定语修饰event，相当于occurring前省掉whichis。

11.

Onlyone-fifthofAmericanssawoilasthechiefreasonthattheU.S.madeawaronIraq,but75percentoftheFrenchandoftheRussiansbelieved______.A.toB.soC.goD.do正确答案：B[解析]习语辨析。

believe想，认为："Hashearrivedyet?""Ibelieveso."“他到了吗?”“我想是到了。”

12.

Sadly,whiletheacademicindustrythrives,thepracticeoftranslationcontinuesto______.A.stackB.stageC.stagnateD.stamp正确答案：C[解析]形近识别。

stagnate停滞，不发展：IfeelI'mstagnatinginthisjob.我觉得我干这份工作没什么前途。stack堆起，摞起：Pleasestackyourchairsbeforeyouleave．走之前把椅子摞在一起。stamp跺着脚走：Don'tstamp，you'llwakeeveryoneup．脚步别这么重，会把大家都吵醒的。

13.

Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswouldputotherpeopleinanegativeframeof______,withtheresultthattheywouldnotbeabletoacceptyourproposal.A.mindB.ideaC.intentionD.wish正确答案：A[解析]固定搭配。

inaframeofmind精神状态，情绪：Themostimportantthingistotaketheexaminapositiveframeofmind．参加考试最重要的是要有积极的精神状态。

14.

Ifyouareanenergeticpersonwithstrongviewsastotherightwayofdoingthings,youfindyourself______underpressures.A.variablyB.invariablyC.invaluablyD.invalidly正确答案：B[解析]形近识别。

invariably始终如一地，不变地：Invariably，strongperiodsinaneconomygivewaytorecession．经济中的强盛期总要让位于衰退期。variable可变的，易变的：Windsaremainlylightandvariable．风力多微弱，风向多变。invaluably非常宝贵的：Suchdatawillproveinvaluabletoresearchersstudyingfishpopulations．这些数据对于研究鱼类数量的人将证明是很宝贵的。invalidly无用地；无价值地。

15.

UncleVernon,quiteunlikeHarryPotterwholookednothingliketherestofthefamily,waslarge,veryfat,and______,withanenormousblackmustache.A.necklessB.necklaceC.recklessD.rackless正确答案：A[解析]形近识别。

neckless胖的没脖子的；necklace项链；reckless鲁莽的；rackless没支架的。

16.

Hometo______andgangsters,officialsandlaborers,refugeesandartists,thecitywas,initsprime,ametropolisthatexhibitedallthehuesofthehumancharacter.A.magnatesB.magnetsC.machinesD.magnitudes正确答案：A[解析]形近识别。

magnate有财势的地主或工业家；magnet有强大吸引力的人或物；magnitude重要，重要性。

17.

His______behaviormacleeveryonenervous.Hewasalwaysrushingtoopendoorsandperformothersmalltasks,apologizingunnecessarilyforanyinconveniencethathemighthavecaused.A.obliviousB.observantC.obsequiousD.obsolescent正确答案：C[解析]形近识别。

obsequious卑躬的；巴结的：Heisanobsequiousowner．他是个善于讨好的店主。oblivious未察觉；不注意：Thegovernmentseemsobliviousofthelikelyeffectsofthenewlegislation．政府似乎并没有注意到新法可能带来的后果。observant善于观察的；寂静的：Anobservantshopassistanthadrememberedexactlywhatthemanwaswearing．有个机警的店员准确记得那个男子的穿着。obsolescent即将过时的，逐步淘汰的：Electronicequipmentquicklybecomesobsolescent．电子设备淘汰得快。

18.

Hewascompletely______byhertaleofhardship.A.takenawayB.takendownC.takeninD.takenup正确答案：C[解析]习语辨析。

takein欺骗；吸收：Hewasnicelytakenin．他被骗得团团转。takeaway带走，拿走：Thesebooksarenottobetakenaway．这些书不准拿走。takedown记下来：Themotorist'snameandaddressweretakendownbythepoliceman．汽车驾驶人的姓名和地址被警察记下了。takeup开始从事：I’mnotverygoodatFrench，Ionlytookituprecently．我的法语不太好，最近才开始学。

19.

Americanswhoconsiderthemselves______inthetraditionalsensedonotusuallyhesitatetoheapcriticismindomesticmattersoverwhattheybelieveisoppressiveorwasteful.A.pedestrianB.penchantC.patriarchD.patriotic正确答案：D[解析]形近识别。

patriotic爱国的；pedestrian行人；penchant爱好，嗜好；patriarch极受尊重的年老男子。

20.

Astechnologicaladvancesputmoreandmoretimebetweenearlyschoollifeandtheyoungperson'sfinalaccesstospecializedwork,thestageof______becomesanevenmoremarkedandconsciousperiod.A.adolescenceB.adjacencyC.advantageD.adventure正确答案：A[解析]形近识别。

adolescence青春期；adjacency邻近，毗邻；advantage优势；adventure冒险。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof15sentences,ineachsentenceonewordorphraseisunderlined.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesrespectivelymarkedbylettersA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.BlackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Thatboyissufferingfromunrequitedloveandpinesaway.A.ferventB.obsessiveC.secretD.unreturned正确答案：D[解析]形容词辨析。

requited回报的。加上否定前缀un意思是“无报答的，无回报的”：Wickednessdoesnotgoaltogetherunrequited．谚恶有恶报。returned返回的，回报的；fervent热情的，火热的：He’Saferventbelieverinfreespeech．他是言论自由的强烈信仰者。obsessive强迫性的，令人着迷的：anobsessiveconcernforneatness好整洁癖；secret秘密的。

2.

Foralongtimeinthatvastregion,thislawwasinabeyance.A.activeuseB.doubtC.discussionD.disuse正确答案：D[解析]短语辨析。

inabeyance：处于暂时终止(或搁置)状态：Thequestionisinabeyance．这个问题暂时搁议。indoubt不肯定的，怀疑的：Hewasindoubtastowhetherheshouldacceptthepost．他对是否应接受这一职务拿不定主意。disuse不用，废止：rustyfromdisuse因弃置不用而生锈。

3.

Acourt-martialhasbutrecentlydecidedtoacquithim.A.declareheisnotguiltyB.pardonhimC.condemnhimD.persecutehim正确答案：A[解析]动词辨析。

acquit宣告某人无罪：Thejuryacquittedhimofmurder．陪审团宣告他谋杀罪名不成立。declare声称；pardon原谅：askforpardon请求原谅。condemn谴责：Weallcondemncrueltytochildren．我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为。persecute迫害，虐待：Throughouthistoryreligiousminoritieshavebeenpersecuted．纵观历史，宗教上的少数派始终受迫害。

4.

Therearemorepeoplewhoareobesetodaythan20yearsago.A.gainfullyemployedB.upwardlymobileC.excessivelyoverweightD.privatelyeducated正确答案：C[解析]形容词辨析。

obese肥胖的，极胖的。gainfullyemployed有报酬工作的。upwardlymobile能向较高的经济地位和社会地位流动的：upwardlymobileyoungexecutive能升迁的年轻行政人员。privatelyeducated受过私人教育的。

5.

Asaconductor,LeonardBernsteinisfamousforhisintenselyvigorousandexuberantstyle.A.enthusiasticB.nervousC.painfulD.extreme正确答案：A[解析]形容词辨析。

exuberant(人或行为)充满活力的：exuberanthighspirits精神焕发；enthusiastic热烈的，热心的：beenthusiasticforaboutsth．对某事热心；nervous紧张的；painful痛苦的；extreme极端的，偏激的：Hispoliticalideasareratherextreme．他的政治思想相当极端。

6.

Wheninsectsfeedondecayingplantmaterialinacompostpile,theyhelpturnitintousefulgardensoil.A.availableB.organicC.distastefulD.decomposing正确答案：D[解析]形容词辨析。

decaying腐烂的，变质的；available可利用的，可获得的；organic有机的，组织的，器官的：anorganicwhole有机的整体；distasteful令人厌恶的；无礼的：Smokingisdistastefultomyfamily．我一家都不喜欢抽烟。decomposing变坏的，腐烂的：adecomposingcorpse腐尸。

7.

Researchershavediscoveredthatdolphinsareabletomimichumanspeech.A.importB.imitateC.impairD.humor正确答案：B[解析]动词辨析。

mimic模仿：Hemimickedtheteacher’Svoice．他模仿老师的声音。import输入，进口：importcoffeefromBrazilintoChina从巴西将咖啡进口到中国。imitate模仿：Thelittleboyimitatedhisfather．这小男孩模仿他的父亲。impair损害，伤害：Loudnoisecanimpairyourhearing．巨大的噪音有损听觉。humor：幽默。

8.

Thedichotomypostulatedbymanybetweenidealismandrealismisoneofthestandardclichesoftheongoingdebateoverinternationalaffairs.A.divisionintotwopartsB.combinationoftwopartsC.disparityD.contradiction正确答案：A[解析]名词辨析。

dichotomy一分为二：thedichotomyoftheoneandthemany一个人与许多人的二分法；disparity不等，不相称：ThereisgreatdisparitybetweentheamountofworkthatIdoandwhatIgetpaidforit．我所做的工作和我所得到的报酬很不相称。contradiction反驳，矛盾：Itisacontradictiontosayyouknowhimbuthe'sastranger．你说认识他，又说他是个陌生人，这是自相矛盾。

9.

Attemptshavebeenmadefornearlythreedecadestoincreasetheamountofprecipitationfromcloudsbyseedingthemwithsaltorsilveriodide.A.DevicesB.HypothesesC.EffortsD.Suggestions正确答案：C[解析]名词辨析。

attempt努力，尝试：abandontheattempts放弃尝试。device装置：adeviceforopeningbottles一个打开瓶子的装置。hypothesis假设：Thisisonlyasortofscientifichypothesiswhichhasnotbeenprovedbyexperiments．这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说。efforts努力，尽力：Pleaseputmoreeffortsintoyourschoolwork．请你在功课上再努点力。

10.

Justicesofthepeacehavejurisdictionoverthetrialsofsomecivilsuitsandofcriminalcasesinvolvingminoroffenses.A.supremacyB.authorityC.guidanceD.obedience正确答案：B[解析]名词辨析。

havejurisdictionover对……有管辖权：Thecourthasnojurisdictionoverforeigndiplomatslivinginthiscountry．法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。supremacy至高无上，霸权地位：malesupremacy大男子主义者。authority权力，权威：Deputiesweregivenauthoritytomakearrests．代表们被授予拘捕权。guidance向导，指导：Hedidtheworkwithhisteacher’Sguidance．他在老师的指导下做了这件工作。obedience服从：Sheshowedgreatobedience．她表现很顺从。

11.

Thefeelingofcompetitionamongthestudentsinalltheclassroomswherethetestwasgoingonwasnoticeabletoeveryone.A.discordB.discoveryC.rivalryD.cooperation正确答案：C[解析]名词辨析。

discord争论、不和：Anoteofdiscordcreptintotheirrelationship．他们的关系出现了裂痕。discovery发现：anewdiscoveryinmedicalscience医学科学的新发现。rivalry竞争、敌对者：Thereisgreatrivalrybetweenthetwosisters．这两姐妹间有一场激烈的竞争。cooperation合作：Thankyouforyourcooperation．感谢你们的合作。

12.

Theartistspentyearsonhismonumentalpainting,whichcoveredthewholeroofofthechurch,thebiggestinthecountry.A.archaicB.sentimentalC.outstandingD.entil:e正确答案：C[解析]形容词辨析。

monumental伟大而不朽的：amonumentalproduction伟大而不朽的作品。archaic古代的，古文的：anarchaicbronzestatuette一种相当古老的青铜小雕像。sentimental感情的，感伤的；outstanding杰出的，依然存在的：anoutstandingwriter杰出作家。entire全部的，完全的：Theentireclasswillbethere．全班都会在那儿。

13.

Manyoftheelectricandelectronicproductswepurchaseandconsumetodayarewhatsomeindustrialexpertscall"homogeneoustoys".A.identicalB.homosexualC.unrelatedD.distinguishable正确答案：A[解析]形容词辨析。

homogeneous类似的，同类的：atight-knit，homogeneoussociety一个紧密相连的同种社会；identical完全相同的，同一的：Theirclothesareidentical．他们的衣服完全一样。homosexual同性恋的；unrelated无关的；distinguishable可区别的，可分辨的：Thosefiguresarenoteasilydistinguishable．那些花纹不易区别。

14.

AnthropologistBarbaraMyerhofffurtheredherreputationasanauthorityonNativeAmericanculturewithherstudyofthesymbols,myths,andritualsoftheHuicholpeople.

A.deserved

B:retained

C.renewed

D.advanced正确答案：D[解析]动词辨析。

further促进；deserve应得，值得：Thearticledeservescarefulstudy．这篇文章值得仔细研究。retain保留，维持：retainanappearanceofyouth保有年轻的外貌。renew更新，延续：renewanoldfriendship重续旧日友谊。advance前进，增进，提高，提升，进展，发展：advancethegrowthofrice促进水稻生长。

15.

Thisreflectstheprioritybeingattachedtoeconomicoverpoliticalactivity,partlycausedbyagrowingreluctancetoenteracallingblightedbyrelentlesspublicitythatalltoooftenendsindestroyingcareersandreputations.A.powerfulnessB.unwillingnessC.renaissanceD.apologeticness正确答案：B[解析]名词辨析。

reluctance勉强，不情愿；powerfulness强壮、强大；unwillingness不情愿；renaissance再生，新生：Folkmusicisnowenjoyingarenaissance．民问音乐现在又时兴起来了。apologeticness道歉，辩解。

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrorsThispartconsistsof15sentences,ineachsentencethereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesagrammaticalerror.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesrespectivelymarkedbylettersA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.BlackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Anepigramisusuallydefinedbeingabrightorwittythoughtthatisterselyandingeniouslyexpressed.A.asB.asbeC.asbeenD.tobeing正确答案：A[解析]习惯搭配。

definesthassth给……下定义，界定：Inthisdictionary"reality"isdefinedas"thestateofthingsastheyare，ratherthanastheyareimaginedtobe"．在这本字典里“现实”被界定为事情的真实状态而非想象中的那样。

2.

Uponcompletinghisexaminationoverthepatient,thedoctorofferedhisjudgmentofherconditions.A.ofB.offC.aboutD.around正确答案：A[解析]介词应用。

本题要表达的意思是“对病人的检查”，四个选项中只有of可以表示对象或所属关系。

3.

IftheyspendsometimeonChinesehistory,theywillbemoreabletopredictChina'sfuture.A.moreB.ableC.betterD.betterable正确答案：D[解析]副词应用。

better(副词)更，更加，修饰形容词able。翻译成“能更好地预见中国的未来”。

4.

Whenshereturnedbackbyabroad,shetoldusallaboutherexperienceasanillegalimmigrant.A.byB.backC.fromD.backfrom正确答案：C[解析]习惯搭配。

returnfrom(=goback)返回：Shereturned(home)fromaholiday．她度假归来。

5.

Hewaslookingimpatientatthevisitingsalesman,whoshowednosignsofgettingreadytoleave.A.patientB.patienceC.impatienceD.impatiently正确答案：D[解析]副词应用。

要用副词impatiently作状语修饰动词短语lookat。

6.

Therecentconferenceontheeffectiveuseoftheseasandoceanswasanotherattemptresolvingmajordifferencesamongcountrieswithconflictinginterests.A.resolveB.resolvesC.toresolveD.beingresolved正确答案：C[解析]习惯搭配。

attempttodosth尝试，试图，努力。例：Theyattempttoclimbthesteepestpartofthemountain．他们努力攀登这座山的最陡的部分。

7.

Lifeinsurance,beforeavailableonlytoyoung,healthypersons,cannowbeobtainedforoldpeople,andevenforpets.A.beforeyoung,healthypersonsavailableonly,B.availableonlytoyoung,healthypersonsbefore,C.availableonlytopersonsyoung,butmorehealthy,D.beforeyoungandhealthypersonsonlyavailableto,正确答案：B[解析]结构应用。

根据句意，before是副词，作时间状语，应放在句末。availableonlytoyoung,healthypersonsbefore在句中作定语，相当于available前省略了whichis。

8.

Followingayearoffastdevelopment,bythefirstquarterofthisyear,Chinahashadabout1,100e-commercewebsites.A.Chinahadabout1,100e-commercewebsitesbytheendoflastMarchB.bytheendofthefirstquarterofthisyear,Chinahashadabout1,100e-commercewebsitesC.bytheendofthisrecentpastMarch,Chinahasabout1,100e-commercewebsitesD.bytheendofthisfirstquarter,Chinahadabout1,100orso.e-commercewebsites正确答案：A[解析]时态应用。

根据句意，时态应该是一般过去时，排除掉B和C。而且第一季度已经过去了，D中的this表示将要到来的，也应排除。

9.

Sino-foreigneducationalprogramonbusinessispopularinChinanow,andthedemandforhighlevelinterpretationisgreat.A.programsinenterprises/highlevelinterpretersB.programsininternationalbusiness/seniorinterpretersC.programininternationalbiz/seniorinterpretationsD.programsofbusiness/high-levelinterpretations正确答案：B[解析]词义辨析。

high-level指高级别的、高层次的会谈等等，senior表示资深的，demandfor后面的宾语多用表示人的具体名词，所以，这里应把interpretation改成interpreter。根据句意，中外在国际贸易方面的课程教育很流行，肯定需要的应是高水平的口译者，所以排除A、C和D。

10.

Manystudentsagreedtocome,butsomestudentsagainstbecausetheysaidtheydon'thavetime.A.wereagainstbecausetheysaidtheydidnotB.wereagainstbecausetheysaytheydon'tC.wereagainstitbecausetheysaidtheydidnotD.wereagainstcomingbecausetheysaidtheydon't正确答案：C[解析]时态应用。

根据时态一致的原则，即当主句say是过去时态时，从句要用过去时态，排除B和D。against是介词，后面必须跟宾语，因此排除A。

11.

Whileitisessentialthatthetextcoversthesubjectadequately,itisalsoimportantthatitisneithertoodetailedortoocomplexfortheintendedreader.A.forB.norC.noD.not正确答案：B[解析]固定搭配。

neither…nor既不……也不。

12.

ConsumerporcelainsinJingdezhenarenotsellingwellinexportmarketascomparedwiththosemadeinLiling,HunanProvinceandZibo,ShandongProvince.A.onexportmarketB.inexportingmarketC.inexportedmarketD.intheexportmarket正确答案：D[解析]冠词应用。

inthemarket“在市场上”，句子中多了一个名词export修饰market因此，定冠词应保留。

13.

Itisamarketwhichsalesvaluemightbemorethan10billionyuan.A.amarketwithasalesvaluethatmightbeB.amarketwhichmightbesalesvalueC.amarketwithsalevaluemightbeD.marketwithsalesmightbeavalue正确答案：A[解析]结构应用。

本句应用with短语修饰market，that引导定语从句修饰先行词salesvalue，而salesvalue是从句中的主语。

14.

AsanEnglishmajorstudent,IthinkbusinessEnglishismorepracticalthanotherfields.A.aEnglishstudent/fieldB.aEnglishmajorstudent/regionsC.anEnglishmajor/coursesD.anEnglishstudentmajor/sciences正确答案：C[解析]名词应用。

首先English前要用an，排除A和B，“英语专业的学生”叫做Englishmajor;field指的是领域；只有course才是课程的意思。

15.

Weshouldletmoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrencanenjoyscientificearlyeducation.A.providemoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrentoenjoyearlyeducationB.providemoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrentoenjoyearlyeducationandscientificC.provideyoungparentsandtheirchildrenenjoymorescientificearlyeducationD.provideyoungparentsandtheirchildrenwithmoreearlyeducationservices正确答案：D[解析]固定搭配。

letsb.do结构后面不能加videsb.withsth.表示“提供”。

ⅡReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestocompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.Thetimeforthissectionis70minutes.

Socialcontrolreferstosocialprocesses,plannedorunplanned,bywhichpeoplearetaught,persuaded,orforcedtoconformtonorms.Ineverysociety,somepunishmentsornegativesanctionsareestablishedfordeviantbehavior.Withoutdeviantbehaviortherewouldnotbeneedforsocialcontrolandwithoutsocialcontroltherewouldnotbeawayofrecognizingtheboundarybetweentheacceptableandtheunacceptable.

Socialcontrolmaybeeitherformalorinformal.Informalmechanismsincludeexpressionsofdisapprovalbysignificantothersandwithholdingofpositiverewardsfordisapprovedbehavior.Mostpeopleinternalizenormsinthecourseofsocialization.Thisisanygroup'smostpowerfulprotectionagainstdeviance,inthattheindividual'sownconscienceoperatesasanagentofsocialcontrol.Wheninformalsanctionsfail,formalagentsofsocialcontrolmaybecalledupon.Incontemporarysociety,suchformalagentsandagenciesincludepsychiatryandothermentalhealthprofessions;mentalhospitals;policeandcourtsoflaw;prisons;andsocialwelfareagencies.Alltheseformalagentsfunctiontolimit,correct,andcontrolviolationofnorms.Conflicttheoristswouldalsopointoutthatsocialcontrolagentsandsystemstend,inanysociety,toservetheinterestsofpowerfulgroupsandtoenforcethenormsmostbeneficialtothosewhomaketherulesandwho,therefore,defineunacceptablebehavior.

Socialcontrol,whetherformalorinformal,hasadualfunction.First,itpunishesthewrongdoerandreaffirmstheboundariesofacceptablebehavior.Second,andlessrecognized,itregulatesthemannerinwhichdeviantsaretreated.1.

Socialcontrolreferstoprocessesbywhich______.A.normsaredevelopedB.normsareenforcedC.peopleareeducatedandtrainedD.peoplearerewardedandpunished正确答案：B[解析]细节题型。

根据开篇第一句Socialcontrolreferstosocialprocesses…bywhichpeoplearetaught,persuaded，orforcedtoconformtonorms．(社会约束就是教育、劝导、强迫人们服从社会准则的过程)可得知答案。选项B中enforce是强迫人服从(法律)，因此，forcedtoconformtonorms等于normsareenforced。

2.

Everysocietyhasitsown______.A.plannedsystemsB.controllednormsC.recognizedboundaryD.establishedsanctions正确答案：D[解析]细节题型。

答案出自第一段第二句Ineverysociety，somepunishmentsornegativesanctionsareestablishedfordeviantbehavior．

3.

InformalmechanismsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT______.A.ahighlevelofinterestinensuringconformityB.expressionofdisapprovalbysignificantothersC.withholdingofpositiverewardsforthedeviantsD.people'sinternalizationofnormsinsocialization正确答案：A[解析]细节题型。

从第二段第二句Informalmechanismsincludeexpressionsofdisapprovalbysignificantothersandwithholdingofpositiverewardsfordisapprovedbehavior．我们可以排除B、C两项。根据第三句Mostpeopleintemalizenormsinthecourseofsocialization.的信息可判断D项不是正确答案。第五句Wheninformalsanctionsfail,formalagentsofsocialcontrolmaybecalledupon.我们可知本句前面的内容指的都是informal的内容可以排除D项。

4.

Themostpowerfulprotectionagainstdevianceis______.A.negativesanctionsB.severepunishmentsC.theindividual'sconscienceD.unrestrainedsuppression正确答案：C[解析]推断题型。

第二段的第四句Thisisanygroup'smostpowerfulprotectionagainstdeviance,inthattheindividual'sownconscienceoperatesasanagentofsocialcontrol.This指代的就是前面一句话，“大多数人在社会化的过程中把社会准则内在化”，inthat就是解释为什么，“因为个人的是非观是社会控制的施动者之一”，所以，C项个人的是非观才是正确答案。

5.

FormalagentsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT______.A.policestationsB.mentalhospitalsC.welfareagenciesD.vocationalschools正确答案：D[解析]细节题型。

根据第二段的第6句Incontemporarysociety,suchformalagentsandagenciesincludepsychiatryandothermentalhealthprofessions;mentalhospitals；policeandcourtsoflaw；prisons;andsocialwelfareagencies．文中没有提到D项。

6.

Thepurposeofformalagentsisto______.A.makebeneficialrulesB.preservesocialordersC.controlviolationofnormsD.defineacceptablebehavior正确答案：C[解析]细节题型。

答案出自第二段第七句Alltheseformalagentsfunctiontolimit,correct,andcontrolviolationofnorms．

7.

WhichstatementaboutsocialcontrolagentsisNOTtrue?A.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoenforcethenorms.B.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoreceiveabenefit.C.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhomaketherules.D.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoarepowerful.正确答案：B[解析]是非题型。

从第二段第八句Conflicttheoristswouldalsopointoutthatsocialcontrolagentsandsystemstend，inanysociety,toservetheinterestsofpowerfulgroupsandtoenforcethenormsmostbeneficialtothosewhomaketherulesandwho，therefore,defineunacceptablebehavior．(矛盾论者指出，在任何社会中，社会约束的执行者或执行机构往往为有权势的社会群体服务，执行对这些人有利的社会准则，是这些人制定了准则，规定了什么是不能认可的行为。)得知，只有B项没有提到，因此为正确答案。

8.

Accordingtoconflicttheorists,socialcontrolagentsandsystemsare______.A.liberalB.partialC.neutralD.overall正确答案：B[解析]推断题型。

根据第二段第八句中提到(参看57题)的，这样的机构是有偏向的。partial有偏向的，部分的、不完整的；liberal慷慨的、宽容的；neutral中立的、公平的；overall包括一切的、全部的。

9.

Inthethirdparagraph,"adualfunction"refersto______.A.formalandinformalB.rewardsandpenaltiesC.approvalanddisapprovalD.clarificationandregulation正确答案：D[解析]推断题型。

文章的最后一段First，itpunishesthewrongdoerandreaffirmstheboundariesofacceptablebehavior.Second,andlessrecognized,itregulatesthemannerinwhichdeviantsaretreated．中的First…分句中的reaffirm“重申”，Second…分句中的regulate“控制和管理”与D项clarificationandregulation是对应词。

10.

Theperspectivefromwhichtheauthordiscussessocialcontrolis______.A.biologicalB.sociologicalC.psychologicalD.anthropological正确答案：B[解析]推断题型。

本文通篇都在谈论人的行为和社会约束的本质，这些是与社会学有关的。社会学是对社会发展和本质的研究，所以，应选B项。

Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted.First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness("this"and"that").ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,o