2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit3Sportsandfitness教学知识细解码学案新人教版必修第一册

PAGE1-Unit3Sportsandfitness1．fitvt.&vi.合身；适合adj.健康的；合适的→fitness2．hostvt.主办；主持n.主子；东道主；节目主持人→hostessn．女主子；女老板；女服务员3．gymn．健康房；体育馆→gymnasticsn．体操(训练)4．honourn．荣誉；敬重；荣幸→honourableadj.光荣的；高尚的5．championn．冠军；优胜者→championshipn．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号6．determinevt.确定；判决→determinationn．决心；确定→determinedadj.坚决的；下定决心的7．injurevt.使受伤；损害→injuredadj.受伤的；有伤的→injuryn．损害；损伤8．gracen．优雅；恩惠；魅力→gracefuladj.美丽的；优雅的9．strengthn．力气；体力→strongadj.强壮的→strengthenvt.加强；巩固10．failv．失败；不及格→failuren．失败；失败的人(或事物)1．workout熬炼；计算出；解决；制订出①Iworkoutregularlytokeepfit.熬炼②Youhavetoworkoutaplanasquicklyaspossible.制订出③Youcanworkouttheanswerbyaddingallthenumbers.计算出④Tomcameupwithawaytoworkoutthephysicalproblem.解决2．makeit获得成功；准时到达；出现①Shemadeitinfilmswhenshewasstillateenager.获得成功②Wejustmadeitintimeforthewedding.准时到达③Ican'tmakeitonFriday.出现；到场3．eventn．竞赛项目；重大事情；公开活动①Themostattractiveeventinthesportsmeetwasthegymnasticscompetition.竞赛项目②Manyjournalistshavebeensenttoreporttheeventsincetheearthquakehappened.重大事情③Ourteacherencouragesustotakeanactivepartinallkindsofsocialevents.公开活动WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)comealong跟随；到达；进步；赶快；出现(教材P36)Wouldyouliketocomealong?你想要跟着去吗？[例1]Shewantstocomealongwithustothemovie.她想跟我们一起去看电影。[例2]Itwasluckyyoucamealong.真幸运你来了。[造句]快点，不然就误火车了。Comealongorwe'llmissthetrain.[学问拓展]comeup(with) 想出；提出comeabout 发生comeacross 穿过(路、桥)；(偶然)遇见；发觉comeout 出来；(书等)出版；发行cometo 醒悟；总计；达到；谈到Whenitcomesto... 当谈到……[即学即练]完成句子①Achancelikethisdoesn'tcomealongeveryday.像这样的机会不是每天都有的。②Somethingunexpectedcameupatthemeetingyesterday.昨天会议上出现了一些意外的事情。③Howdidthiscrazysituationcomeabout?这种疯狂的局面是如何出现的？④Thatmagazinecomesoutonceamonth.那个杂志每月出一期。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)setanexample树立榜样(教材P38)Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.他们作为运动员必需是自己体育项目上的佼佼者，并且也为他人树立了良好的榜样。[例1]Youshouldbesettinganexampletoyourlittlebrother.你应当为你弟弟树立榜样。[例2]WeshouldfollowJim'sexampleandworkhard.我们应当以吉姆为榜样，努力工作。[造句]雷锋为我们树立了一心一意为人民服务的榜样。LeiFengsetanexampletousinservingthepeopleheartandsoul.[学问拓展]followsb.'sexample 学某人的样子beanexampletosb. 成为某人的榜样forexample 例如makeanexampleofsb. 惩处某人以警告他人；杀一儆百giveanexample 举例[即学即练]用example的相关短语完成句子①(2024·天津河东区一模)WeChinesepeopleareallcalledontolearnfromLeiFeng，whowethinksetsagoodexampletoallofus.②Wemademanyimprovementstoourhouse；forexample，wepaintedthewallsandboughtnewcarpet.③There'salotinwhatyousay，butpleasegiveanexample．④Theteachermadeanexampleofthestudentwhohadcopiedhisdeskmate'sanswersduringthefinals.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)honourn．敬重；崇敬；荣幸；光荣vt.敬重；敬重(教材P38)Asaplayer，LangPingbroughthonourandglorytohercountry.作为一名运动员，郎平为祖国争光，赢得了荣誉。[例1]Onemustshowhonourtoone'sparents.人人都应当敬重父母。[例2]Itismyhonourtobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.我很荣幸能在这里与你共享关于中学要学习什么的看法。[造句]她被誉为模范老师。Sheishonouredasamodelteacher.[学问拓展](1)inhonourof/inone'shonour 为了表示对……的敬意；为了纪念……havethehonourtodo/ofdoing... 有幸做……It'sanhonourtodo... 很荣幸做……(2)be/feelhonouredtodo/ofdoing... 为做……而感到荣幸(3)honourableadj. 光荣的；高尚的；敬重的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ifeelhonoured(honour)tobeinvitedtogiveyoualectureonhowtoimproveEnglishreadingability.②Ihavethehonourtomake(make)aspeechtowelcometherespectedguests.③WecelebrateTeachers'Dayeveryyearinhonourofteachers.句型转换④IfeelitagreathonourthatIwillbeinvitedtospeakatthemeetingbeforesomanystudents.(改成非谓语动词形式)→Ifeelitagreathonourtobeinvitedtospeakatthemeetingbeforesomanystudents.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)determinationn．决心；确定(教材P38)WhentheChineseteamwaspreparingforthe2024WorldCup，herdeterminationwastested.当中国队备战2024年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。[例1]Herefusedoursuggestionwithdetermination.他坚决地拒绝了我们的建议。[例2]Ittakeshardworkanddeterminationtoreachthegoalsthatwewanttoachieve.实现我们的目标须要努力和决心。[造句]亨利表现出极大的决心来学英语。HenryshowsgreatdeterminationtolearnEnglish.[学问拓展](1)determinevi.&vt. 确定；确定；(使)下定决心determinetodo... 确定做……(表示动作)determineon/upon 确定(2)determinedadj. 坚决的；坚决的；坚决的bedeterminedtodo... 决心做……(表示状态)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hisdetermination(determine)towinisclearlyevident.②Determined(determine)tolookafterhisparentswell，hemovedtolivewiththem.③Nomatterwhathappens，shehasdeterminedtotell(tell)thetruth.④Ihavedeterminedongoing(go)tothecountrysideaftergraduation.[小片段填空]MysisterLilyhasdeterminedgoingtoPekingUniversity.Sheisadeterminedgirl，soweknowthatonceshehasdeterminedtodosomething，shewillmakeherdreamcometruewithgreatdetermination．(determine)eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)fallapart裂开；裂开；崩溃(教材P38)TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfallingapart.郎平一手打造的队伍正在分崩离析。[例1]WiththeQingDynastyfallingapart，itwasreplacedbyanewsystem.随着清朝的瓦解，取而代之的是一个新的制度。[例2]Theyusedtobeclosefriends，butfellapartnotlongago.她们曾经是密切的挚友，但不久前关系裂开了。[造句]我觉得这把旧椅子要散架了。Ithinkthisoldchairisfallingapart.[学问拓展]falldown 摔倒falloff 从……掉下来fallbehind 落后；跟不上fallover 跌倒；绊倒fallinto 养成；染上fallout (头发等)脱落；吵架[小片段填空]Abananaskinfelloffthetable.Thelittlegirldidn'tseeit.Shesteppedonitandfellover．What'sworse，herbowlbrokeintopieces.Quickly，hermotherraninandpickedherup.Ifshefallsintothehabitofdependingonparentsineverything，thegirlwillfallbehindothersintime.香蕉皮从桌子上掉下来。小女孩没有望见。她踩到上面滑倒了。更糟的是，她的碗摔成了碎片。她妈妈立即跑进来扶起她。假如小女孩养成事事依靠父母的习惯，她迟早会落后于其他孩子的。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)loseheart丢失信念；泄气(教材P38)Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge，butLangPingdidnotloseheart.失去两名得力干将是个严峻的挑战，但郎平没有垂头丧气。[例1]Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam，theydidn'tloseheart.虽然被对方球队击败，但他们没有丢失信念。[例2]Eventhoughyourresearchappearstobeatadeadendnow，youshouldn'tloseheartbutkeepontrying.即使你们的探讨现在好像陷入了僵局，你们还是不应当泄气，而要接着进行下去。[造句]请不要灰心，你还有机会。Pleasedon'tloseheart；youstillhavechances.[学问拓展](1)loseone'sheartto 爱上……putone'sheartinto 一心扑在……上learnsth.byheart 背诵；记牢……oone'sheart 使……刻骨铭心(2)heartandsoul 一心一意地fromthebottomofsb.'sheart从某人的心底[即学即练]完成句子①Johnplaystennisbadly，butwithheartandsoul(一心一意)．②Jimlosthisheartto(爱上)thePersiancatatfirstsight.③AlthoughMikewasintrouble，hedidn'tloseheart(没灰心)．[小片段填空]Whenhewasachild，helosthishearttowritingpoems.Thoughheputhisheartintoitformanyyears，itseemedasifnothinghadbeenachieved.However，hewouldneverloseheart．他还是个孩子时就爱上了写诗。尽管多年来他一心一意地写诗，但看起来好像还是一无所成。然而，他恒久不会灰心。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)failuren．失败；失败的人(或事物)(教材P38)Icanacceptfailure；...我可以接受失败；……[例1]Itwasevidentthatthepolicywasafailure.很明显，这个政策是失败的。[例2]Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpshapeyouryearahead.年终时快速回顾一年的成功和失败将有助于你确定来年的发展。[造句]这次艺术展览不但没有失败，反而是一个巨大的成功。Theartshowwasfarfromafailure；itwasagreatsuccess.[学问拓展](1)endinfailure 以失败告终heartfailure 心脏衰竭(2)failv. 失败；未能；失灵；不足；缺乏；突然失去failtodo... 未能做……failin... 在……失败[名师点津](1)failure作“失败”讲时是不行数名词，表示抽象意义；作“失败者，失败的事”讲时是可数名词，表示详细意义。这种用法被称为“抽象名词的详细化”。(2)类似用法的词有：单词不行数可数success成功成功的人/事danger危急危急的人/因素surprise惊讶意想不到的事business生意企业beauty漂亮美人[即学即练]单句语法填空①Makecertainthatyoulearnfromfailure(fail)andthenusewhatyouhavelearnedinfuturesituations.②Hissuccesswasalongstory，butinbrief，hesucceededaftermanyfailures(fail)．③—Thesuccessthebrilliantyoungscientisthasmadeisadmirable.—Ithinkheisasuccessasascientist.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点8)giveup放弃；倒戈(教材P38)Losinggamestaughthimtopractiseharderandnevergiveup.竞赛失利教会了他更加努力的训练和永不放弃。[例1]Itriedtopersuadehimtogiveupsmoking，butfailed.我试图劝服他戒烟，但失败了。[例2]Sherealizedshewaswrongandgaveuptheargument.她意识到她错了，便停止了争辩。[造句]她确定辞去工作，开一家咖啡馆。Shedecidedtogiveupherjobandstartacoffeebar.[学问拓展]giveaway 分发；赠送；泄露giveback 归还giveoff 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)giveout 分发；用完；耗尽givein 屈服；倒戈；让步；上交[即学即练]介、副词填空①Onceyouhavemadeupyourmindtodosomething，you'dbetternotgiveup．②MymotherissostubbornthatIcanneverpersuadehertogivein．③Studentsweregladtogiveawaysomeoftheirbookstochildreninpoormountainousareas.④Herradioisgivingoutastrangesignal.⑤Thesungivesoffheatandlight.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)过去完成时(教材P38)Oneofthebestplayershadbeeninjured，andtheteamcaptainhadtoleavebecauseofheartproblems.最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。[句式分析]hadbeeninjured是过去完成时的被动语态。过去完成时指先于过去某动作发生前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，用“had＋过去分词”表示。在这里，hadbeeninjured与后半句theteamcaptainhadtoleave...形成参照，指这名优秀队员受伤在前，队长因心脏问题离队在后。[例1]BythetimeIrushedtothestation，thetrainhadalreadyleft.当我赶到火车站时，火车已经开走了。[例2]Shehadfinishedherhomeworkbeforeshestartedtoreadthenovel.她在起先看小说之前就已经完成了作业。[造句]你给我打电话时我已经出门了。Ihadgoneoutwhenyoucalledme.[学问拓展](1)hope，plan，want，mean等用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望，安排和准备等(2)Hardly/Scarcelyhadsb.done...when一……就……Nosoonerhadsb.done...than一……就……(3)by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时，主句用过去完成时。(4)It/Thatwasthe...timethat从句时，从句用过去完成时。表示“是第几次做某事”。[名师点津]过去完成时的被动语态的三种形式(1)确定结构：主语＋hadbeendone＋其他成分(2)否定结构：主语＋hadnotbeendone＋其他成分(3)疑问句结构：had＋主语＋beendone＋其他成分[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thepolicefoundthatthehousehadbeenbroken(break)intoandalotofthingsstolen.②Hesaid15peoplehadbeeninjured(injure)，twoofthemadmittedtohospital.③Hecomplainedthatthiswasthethirdtimehehadbeeninformed(inform)ofthechangesofthemeeting.④Johnhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseithadbeendamaged(damage)seriously.完成句子⑤Hardlyhadthespeakerfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencekeptaskinghimquestions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。⑥Bythetimethemessengerreachedhim，thedamagehadbeendone．送信人赶到他那儿时，损失已经造成了。eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)现在完成进行时(教材P38)TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.他(乔丹)在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今始终在帮助年轻人。[句式分析]本句主句时态为现在完成进行时，这一时态主要用于表示过去起先并始终持续的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。[例1]Ihavebeenringingyouseveraltimesintwodays.这两天内我给你打过好几次电话。[例2]Becauseofillness，hehasbeenlyinginbedallday.由于生病，他成天都躺在床上。[例3]Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，wehavebeentryingtomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.自从人类开创园艺工作以来，我们始终在努力使我们的环境更加漂亮。[例4]Wherehaveyoubeen？Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.你刚才去哪里了？我们始终在到处找你。[造句]两个月来他们始终在建桥。Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonths.[学问拓展]现在完成进行时由“have/hasbeen＋现在分词”构成，其基本用法如下：(1)表示从过去某一时间起先，始终持续到现在的动作，并仍在进行。(2)表示从过去某时起先始终持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。(3)现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是始终在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。[即学即练]完成句子①TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfornearlytwothousandyears.中国有将近2000年的造纸历史。②IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincethreeyearsago.自从三年前以来我始终在学英语。③Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.我们已经等你半个小时了。④Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft．你离开后，发生了巨大的改变。1．Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.[分析]本句为复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰athletes。从句中are和set是并列谓语。[译文]他们作为运动员必需是自己体育项目上的佼佼者，并且也为他人树立了良好的榜样。2．Shehadfaceddifficultiesbefore，andsheknewthatheryoungplayerscouldwiniftheyworkedtogetherasateam.[分析]本句是由and连接的两个并列句，后一个句子中that从句作knew的宾语，同时that从句中又有一个if引导的条件状语从句。[译文]她曾面对多数艰难困苦，知道年轻队员们只要团结一样，定能夺取成功。3．Jordan'sskillswereimpressive，butthementalstrengththatheshowedmadehimunique.[分析]本句为but连接的并列句，but后分句中thatheshowed为定语从句，修饰thementalstrength。[译文]乔丹的技巧令人印象深刻，而他强大的精神力气让他独一无二。教材高考ToinviteAmytoane­sportsevent.Theeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening，makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Comeandworkoutatagym.Withsuchbusylives，itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Youcanmakeit.SheleftbeforeIcouldevenmakeittothedoortooffermythanks.(2024·天津卷)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Sheisstillcomingtotermswiththefailureofhismarriage.2．Hetriedhisbesttocomforttheinjured(injure)passengersandtoldthemhelpwasontheway.3．Withhertalentanddetermination(determine)，itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.4．Thestreetseemedwide.IwonderedifIwouldmakeittotheotherside.5．Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitness(fit)．6．IamluckyasIamoneofthehosts(host)．7．Suchamanisanhonourtohiscountry.8．Ithinkyouhadbettergiveupalcohol.9．Hedroppedoutofschoolatage16andhishealthstartedtofallapart．10．Hehasbeencycling(cycle)toworkforthelastthreeweeks.Ⅱ.短语填空comealong，trackandfield，workout，makeit，fallapart，loseheart，giveup，setanexample，preparefor，share...with...1．HisspokenEnglishhascomealongalotrecently.2．Heworksouteverydaytobuilduphisstrength.3．Luckily，hejustmadeitintimeforclassthismorning