【高一外研寒假作业】练习16 M2U6 Earth first（解析版）

2/2练习16-外研版必修二Unit6Earthfirst一、单词拼写1.Asisknowntous,touristsareaneasy______________(目标)forthieves.2.Idon’tknowhowto______________(潜水)underthewater.3.______________(幸运的是),thewholefamilyhadsurvivedtheseriouscaraccident.4.Givingupsmoking______________(减低)theriskofheartdisease.5.The______________(平均的)ageofthestudentsinourschoolis17.6.Henever______________(采纳)other’sadvicesothathealwaysmakesmistakes.7.Toomuchscreentimemay______________(影响)children’seyesight.8.Ifyouwanttoimproveyoursituation,youmustadoptapositive______________(态度).Howtouse______________(电)safelyhasbecomegeneralknowledgeinourvillage.The______________(担忧的)motherstoodatthegate,waitingforhersontocomebackhome.Thetabletookuptoomuchspace，sothemandecidedtohaveit______________(移走).Ourteacher______________(敦促)ustostudyhard,astheexamisdrawingnear.【答案】1.target2.dive3.Fortunately4.reduces5.average6.adopts7.affect8.attitude9.electricity10.concerned11.removed12.urges二、根据提示写短语1.__________________采取措施2.__________________分解；出故障；谈判失败；(健康、精神等)垮掉3.__________________常识4.__________________把……考虑进去5.__________________依靠；依赖6.__________________号召7.__________________参考；涉及；指的是8.__________________由于，因为9.__________________害怕……10.__________________对……有影响11.__________________以……为根据12.__________________偶然遇到13.__________________而不是14.__________________弄错15.__________________提高对……的认识【答案】1.takesteps2.breakdown3.commonsense4.oaccount5.dependon6.callon7.referto8.dueto9.bescaredof10.haveaneffectupon11.bebasedon12.comeacross13.ratherthan14bymistake15.raiseawarenessof...三、词形转换1.fortunatelyadv.幸运地→_____________adj.幸运的→_____________n.运气2.extinctionn.灭绝，绝种→_____________adj.灭绝的3.devotev.致力，献身，倾注→_____________adj.挚爱的；投入的→_____________n.致力；献身4.crueltyn.残忍，残酷，残暴→_____________adj.残忍的；残酷的→_____________adv.残忍地；残酷地5.affectv.影响→_____________n．影响6.fogn.雾→_____________adj.多雾的；有雾的7.infectionn.感染，传染病→_____________v.传染→_____________adj.传染的；传染性的8.permissionn.允许，许可→_____________v.允许；许可n．许可证9.urgev.竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→_____________adj.紧急的；急迫的10.concernedadj.焦急的，担忧的→_____________v.担忧；涉及n．担忧11.contributev．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献，捐献→_____________n.贡献【答案】1.fortunatelyadv.幸运地→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunen．运气2.extinctionn．灭绝，绝种→extinctadj.灭绝的3.devotev．致力，献身，倾注→devotedadj.挚爱的；投入的→devotionn．致力；献身4.crueltyn．残忍，残酷，残暴→crueladj.残忍的；残酷的→cruellyadv.残忍地；残酷地5.affectv．影响→effectn．影响6.fogn．雾→foggyadj.多雾的；有雾的7.infectionn．感染，传染病→infectv．传染→infectiousadj.传染的；传染性的8.permissionn．允许，许可→permitv．允许；许可n．许可证9.urgev．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的10.concernedadj.焦急的，担忧的→concernv．担忧；涉及n．担忧11.contributev．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献，捐献→contributionn．贡献四、单句语法1.Britainhadlawsagainst____________(cruel)toanimalsbutnonetoprotectchildren.2.Wearenotpermitted____________(talk)inthelibrary,norcanwetakebooksoutwithoutpermission.3.Ifyouarethelastmantoleavetheroom,remember____________(turn)offthelights.4.The____________(major)ofpeoplewhowereinterviewedpreferredTVtoradio.5.Time____________(permit)，theywilldrivetothefarmtohelpthefarmerspickapples.6.Threechildren________(remove)fromtheschoolfortheirbadbehaviouryesterday.Nowadaysmanyschoolchildrendevotetoomuchtimeto____________(play)computergames.Itwasyourbadattitude____________yourworkthatmadeyourparentsupset.Althoughthesharkswerenotdangerous，theauthorstillfelt____________(scare)todeathforamoment.____________(fortunately),youwereoutwhenwecalledyou.11.Hehasmadeanimportant____________(contribute)tothecompany’ssuccess.【答案】1.cruelty2.totalk3.toturn4.majority5.permitting6.wereremoved7.playing8.towards/to9.scared10.Unfortunately11.contribution五、课文填空The1975filmJawswasagreatsuccess,1.___________(attract)hugeaudiencesandwinningmanyawards.Peoplehavealwaysbeen2.___________(scare)ofsharks,butJawsmadethingsworse.Manypeople3.___________sawthefilmconsideredsharksasbadanimals.Someevenbegantofishforsharks.As4.___________result,thenumberofsharksfellquickly.Thiswasnotonlyduetofearofsharks,5.___________alsofinning.Afterfinning,thesharks6.___________(throw)backintotheseawheretheydiepainfully.In1980,PeterBenchleycameacrossanawfulsight.He7.___________(admit)thathisbookwaswrongaboutsharks’8.___________(behave).9.___________(fortunate),morepeoplebecomeinterestedinsharksnow,andtheywant10.___________(protect)themfromextinction.【答案】attracting2.scared3.who/that4.a5.but6.arethrown7.admitted8.behaviour9.Fortunately10.toprotect六、完形填空Doyouthinkanindividualcanmakeadifference?AskRossanoErcolini,theGoldmanPrizewinner,whichisconsideredtheNobelPrizefor“1”.Erocliniisayoung2inasmalltowninItaly.After3thenewsofreducingwasteontheradio,hedecidedtoteachhisstudentsto4paperandreplaceplasticwaterbottlesintheschoollunchroomwith5glasses.Whenhistownannouncedplanstoopenanincineratortoburnwaste,Ercoliniknewitwouldbe6tohisstudents.Incineratorsarehugeheatersthatburnallwasteandpoisonousmaterials,leavingbehind7.Youmightthinkitis8thansendingwastetolandfills.Itistruethatlandfills9space,smellbad,andthatpoisonousmaterialscanmakeundergrounddrinkingwater10touse.Butincineratorshavetheirown11.Burningwill12poisonousgasesintotheair,causingbreathingproblems.Peoplewillhavetowearamask13theygoout.Thesmokealsocausespollution,andeven14thegreenhouseeffect.Ercoliniwasworriedaboutthe15ofhiscommunityandfeltitwashisdutyto16them.Heorganizedtownmeetingsandtalkedabouthowtoreduce,reuseandrecycle.17,Ercolinihasadvocatedthezero-wastemovement,the18ofwhichistoreducethewastetotheleastpossibleamount.Hehasalready19plansformorethan50incineratorsinmanyItaliancities.20hisefforts,therearemorethan100zero-wastetownsinItalynow!1．A．Peace B．Medicine C．Environment D．Literature2．A．farmer B．teacher C．trainer D．gardener3．A．watching B．reading C．making D．hearing4．A．recycle B．roll C．tear D．fold5．A．coloured B．reusable C．thick D．valuable6．A．necessary B．harmful C．suitable D．convenient7．A．rock B．sand C．ash D．water8．A．worse B．harder C．further D．better9．A．takeup B．fillin C．create D．add10．A．illegal B．simple C．regular D．unsafe11．A．difficulties B．advantages C．disadvantages D．improvements12．A．giveout B．giveoff C．givein D．giveup13．A．whenever B．wherever C．however D．whatever14．A．reduces B．measures C．suffers D．worsens15．A．health B．development C．justice D．employment16．A．praise B．support C．educate D．entertain17．A．Anyhow B．However C．Otherwise D．Moreover18．A．goal B．reason C．truth D．problem19．A．discussed B．defeated C．prepared D．suggested20．A．Alongwith B．Exceptfor C．Thanksto D．Insteadof【答案】1-5CBDAB6-10BCDAD11-15CBADA16-20CDABC【分析】本文讲述了Eroclini经过各种努力，对减少垃圾和浪费做出贡献，说明个人的力量有很大影响。1．考查名词词义辨析。A.Peace和平；B.Medicine药；C.Environment环境；D.Literature文学。根据hedecidedtoteachhisstudentsto___4___paperandreplaceplasticwaterbottlesintheschoollunchroomwith___5___glasses.可知此处指环境。故选C。2．考查名词词义辨析。A.farmer农民；B.teacher老师；C.trainer训练员；D.gardener园丁。根据hedecidedtoteachhisstudents可知Ercolini是老师。故选B。3．考查动词词义辨析。A.watching看；B.reading读；C.making制作；D.hearing听。根据thenewsofreducingwasteontheradio可知是收音机上的消息，所以是听。故选D。4．考查动词词义辨析。A.recycle回收利用；B.roll滚动；C.tear流泪，撕扯；D.fold折叠。根据reducingwaste可知，此处指回收利用废纸。故选A。5．考查形容词词义辨析。A.coloured有色的；B.reusable可再使用的；C.thick厚的；D.valuable有价值的。根据plasticwaterbottles，可知应该使用更好的替代它，所以用可再使用的玻璃瓶代替塑料瓶。故选B。6．考查形容词词义辨析。A.necessary必要的；B.harmful有害的；C.suitable合适的；D.convenient方便的。根据Incineratorsarehugeheatersthatburnallwasteandpoisonousmaterials，可知，焚化炉有害。故选B。7．考查名词词义辨析。A.rock石头；B.sand沙子；C.ash灰烬；D.water水。根据burnallwasteandpoisonousmaterials可知，烧完废物和有毒材料后剩下的是灰烬。故选C。8．考查形容词词义辨析。A.worse更糟的；B.harder更努力的；C.further更远的；D.better更好的。根据Itistruethatlandfills___9___space,smellbad,andthatpoisonousmaterialscanmakeundergrounddrinkingwater___10___touse.描述了垃圾填充场的不好，可知，这比把废物送去填埋更好。故选D。9．考查动词短语词义辨析。A.takeup占据；B.fillin填写；C.create创造；D.add添加。根据语境可知填埋占据空间。故选A。10．考查形容词词义辨析。A.illegal非法的；B.simple简单的；C.regular规则的；D.unsafe不安全的。根据常识和句意可知，有毒材料让地下饮用水使用起来不安全。故选D。11．考查名词词义辨析。A.difficulties困境；B.advantages优势；C.disadvantages劣势；D.improvements提高。根据Burningwill___12___poisonousgasesintotheair,causingbreathingproblems.描述焚化炉的不好，可知，焚化炉也有自己的劣势。故选C。12．考查动词短语词义辨析。A.giveout分发；B.giveoff散发；C.givein让步；D.giveup放弃。根据Peoplewillhavetowearamask可知，焚烧会散发有毒气体。故选B。13．考查连词词义辨析A.wherever无论哪里；B.whenever无论何时；C.however无论怎样；D.whatever无论如何。根据上文说会散发有害气体，可知，无论何时出门都要戴口罩。故选A。14．考查动词词义辨析。A.reduces减少；B.measures测量；C.suffers遭受；D.worsens恶化。根据even可知此处表示递进，恶化温室效应。故选D。15．考查名词词义辨析。A.health健康；B.development发展；C.justice正义；D.employment雇佣。根据causingbreathingproblems和pollution可知，与健康有关。故选A。16．考查动词词义辨析。A.praise赞扬；B.support支持；C.educate教育；D.entertain娱乐。根据Ercolini是老师可知，此处是教育他们。故选C。17．考查副词词义辨析。A.Anyhow无论如何；B.However不管怎样，然而；C.Otherwise否则；D.Moreover此外。根据语境可知，故选D。18．考查名词词义辨析。A.goal目的；B.reason原因；C.truth真理；D.problem问题。根据toreducethewastetotheleastpossibleamount可知此处指零废物运动的目的。故选A。19．考查动词词义辨析。A.discussed讨论；B.defeated击败；C.prepared准备；D.suggested建议。根据上文可知，焚烧有害，所以应是他击败了很多意大利国家的50多个焚烧计划。故选B。20．考查介词短语词义辨析。A.Alongwith随着；B.Exceptfor除了；C.Thanksto多亏；D.Insteadof代替。根据句意可知，多亏了他的努力，现在意大利有超过100个零垃圾镇。故选C。七、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。Duetoclimatechanges,Arcticiceisbreakingupearlierinthespring,anditsareaisdecreasing.ThisiscreatingproblemsforpolarbearsthatmaketheirhomesoffnorthernAlaskaandinHudsonBay.PolarbearsoffAlaskanormallyhuntandraisetheiryoungonicesheetsthatfloatontheocean.Butastheicehasmelted,thepolarbearshavebeenforcedtospendmoretimeonland.There,theyhavebeguntofrequent(常去)beaches,feedingontheremainsofwhalescaughtbynativehunters.Forpolarbears,thisfoodislessnutritiousthansealsthattheynormallycatchonicesheets.Theshrinking(减少)icehasalsoforcedmorepolarbearsintotheocean.Inthepast,theyonlyhadtoswimshortdistancesbetweenicesheets.Butastheicehasshrunk,polarbearshavebeenforcedtoswimlongerandlongerdistancesintheopenocean.Thisposesaseveredangerduringroughweather,andanincreasingnumberofdrownedpolarbearshavebeenobserved.InHudsonBay,theicebreaksupthreeweeksearlierinthespringnowthanitdid20yearsago.PolarbearsonHudsonBayfast(绝食)duringthesummer，waitingforicetoforminthefalltohunt.Everyyear,thesummergetslonger,andthebearsgetskinnier.Overthepast25years,theaverageweightofthefemalebearshasdropped68kg.Thislossaffectstheirabilitytoreproduce,andalreadythenumberofbirthshasdroppedby15percent.Unlessthebearscanlearntosurvivetheseclimatechanges,thesegiantsoftheicemayonedaydisappear.WhatisArcticicedoingearliereachyear?A．It’sfreezing. B．It’shardening.C．It’smelting. D．It’sexpanding.2.WhatisTRUEofpolarbearsthatarespendingmoretimeonlandinAlaska?A．Theiryoungaredying.B．Theirdietischanging.C．Theirhealthisimproving.D．Theirfamiliesaregrowing.3.WhatdoesthewriterimplyaboutfemalepolarbearsinHudsonBay?A.Theyarehavingfeweryoungnow.B.Theysufferfromvarioussicknesses.C.Theydon’tneedstrongerprotection.D.Theycan’tfindenoughgoodmales.4.Inwhichpublicationwouldyoumostlikelyfindthispassage?A．MedicalNews. B．SocietyToday.C．WildlifeJournal. D．DesignMagazine.【答案】C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“Arcticiceisbreakingupearlierinthespring”可知，北极冰川每年春天较早时候就开始融化。B细节理解题。根据第二段可以看出北极熊正常情况下吃在冰面上可以捕捉到的海豹，但现在由于冰的减少，它们只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸的残余物为食了。A细节理解题。从最后一段第四和第五两句可知，北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%。4.C文章出处题。通读全篇可以发现文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响，而北极熊属于野生动物，所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自《野生动物杂志》。八、补全对话7选5HowtoCelebrateWorldEnvironmentDayWorldEnvironmentDayisayearlyeventheldtoraiseglobalsenseoftheneedtoprotectourworld.1Peopleconsideritaclimax(高潮)ofenvironmentalactivitiesbeingperformedallyearroundbyUNEP.Beapartofthecelebrationstomakeourworldcleaner,greener