国际科技创新中心指数2024 GLOBAL INNOVATION HUBS INDEX 2024 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INDEX2024清华大学产业发展与环境治理研究中心CDGCDGGIHI2024EXECUTIVESUMMARY2024haswitnessedgenerativeartificialintelligence(AI)breakingnewfrontiersinscience,drivinganewwaveofindustrialinnovationandincreasingthelevelofhuman-machineinteractionindailylives.AlthoughtheglobaleconomyisrecoveringaftertheCOVID-19pandemic,itfacesriskfromgeopoliticalconflictsandnaturaldisasters.Inthisclimate,scientificandtechnologicalinnovationsaremuchneededtoaddressglobalproblemsanddrivehealthimprovements.TheGlobalInnovationHubsIndex(GIHI)developedbytheCenterforIndustrialDevelopmentandEnvironmentalGovernance(CIDEG)atTsinghuaUniversityandNatureResearchIntelligence,hasbeentrackingandanalyzingyear-on-yearchangesandthelatesttrendsinglobalinnovationsince2020.GIHI2024continuestoapplyscientific,objective,independentandimpartialprinciplestoevaluateglobalinnovationhubs(GIHs)usingthreeindicators-researchinnovation,innovationeconomyandinnovationecosystem-providingareferenceforpolicymakers,entrepreneursandpractitioners.AconceptualmodelforGIHIassessmentopennessopennessandcollaborationpublicservicesResearchResearchInnovationscienceandTechnologyHumanResourcesscientificproduceInfrastructurescienceandTechnologyHumanResourcesscientificproduceInfrastructureResearchInstitutionsknowledgecreation3InnovationEcosystemInnovationInnovationEcosystemInnovationEcosystemTechnologicalInnovationcapacityInnovativeEnterprisesEconomicGrowth-underpinEmergingIndustries-underpinEmergingIndustries<<supportforstart-upsInnovationcultureInnovation<<supportforstart-upsInnovationcultureInnovationEconomy■OPTIMIZATIONANDADJUSTMENT1First,thenumberofevaluatedcitieshasincreasedfrom119to120,whichinclude108globalinnovationhubs(GIHs)and12mini-hubs.Althoughaccountingforonly11.3%oftheworld’stotalpopulation,these120cities/metropolitanareas,hometothetopinnovationresourcesintheworld,boast138world-leadinguniversities,149ofthetop200world-classresearchinstitutions,1,453unicorncompaniesvaluedatmorethanonebillionUSdollars,and1,888leadinginnovativeenterprises.Theyhaveattracted279winnersoftopscientificawardssuchasNobelPrizes,theTuringAward,andtheFieldsMedal.Second,someindicatorshavebeenoptimized.AsChinahasnottakenpartintherankingoftop500supercomputerssince2022,China’stop100supercomputershavebeenincludedinouranalysisalongsidetheglobalnumberoftop500supercomputers.ThisadjustmentensuresthatGIHI2024’stop500supercomputersindicatoriscomprehensive.Forpatent-relatedindicators,patentsinbiomedicinehavebeenaddedandtheintegratedcircuithasbeenreplacedbythesmartchip.ThepatentsinfourareasareclassifiedwithreferencetothePatentClassificationSystemforKeyDigitalTechnologies(2023)andtheReferenceTableforStrategicEmergingIndustriesClassificationandInternationalPatentClassification(2021)issuedbytheChinaNationalIntellectualPropertyAdministration.Thenumberofpatentcooperationtreaty(PCT)patentsiscollatedonanannualbasisafteradjustments.Third,thisreportaddstwofocussectionstotrackthedynamicsofGIHsinglobalscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Thefirstfocussectionisoninternationalco-authorship,whichrevealsthetrendsofco-authorshipamongGIHsandidentifiestheglobalcooperationpatternandevolutionforthetoptencitiesrankedbythenumberofinternationallyco-authoredpapers.Thesecondfocussectionexaminesglobalbiomedicalpatents,whichinvestigatesGIHs’innovationcapabilityinbiomedicinebytotalnumbersofpatents,innovationentitiesandprospects.0101■RANKINGS2FortheoverallGIHI2024ranking,thetop20cities/metropolitanareasareSanFrancisco-SanJose,NewYorkMA,Beijing,BostonMA,LondonMA,Guangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,Shanghai,ParisMA,TokyoMA,Baltimore-Washington,SeoulMA,Singapore,LosAngeles-LongBeach-Anaheim,Munich,Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue,Chicago-Naperville-Elgin,ChapelHill-Durham-Raleigh,SanDiegoMA,AmsterdamMA,Dublin.TheGIHI2024top20cities/metropolitanareasinresearchinnovationareNewYorkMA,Beijing,BostonMA,SanFrancisco-SanJose,Guangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,Baltimore-Washington,LondonMA,ParisMA,Shanghai,LosAngeles-LongBeach-Anaheim,ChapelHill-Durham-Raleigh,TokyoMA,Chicago-Naperville-Elgin,Zurich,Nanjing,Melbourne,SeoulMA,Wuhan,Munich,Copenhagen.TheGIHI2024top20cities/metropolitanareasininnovationeconomyareSanFrancisco-SanJose,Beijing,NewYorkMA,TokyoMA,Guangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,SeoulMA,Dublin,BostonMA,Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue,Shanghai,ParisMA,Daejeon,LondonMA,SanDiegoMA,Singapore,Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe,Dallas-FortWorth,Taipei,Munich,AbuDhabi.TheGIHI2024top20cities/metropolitanareasininnovationecosystemareLondonMA,SanFrancisco-SanJose,NewYorkMA,Shanghai,Singapore,Guangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,BostonMA,ParisMA,Beijing,AmsterdamMA,Baltimore-Washington,TorontoMA,Dubai,TokyoMA,Munich,Dallas-FortWorth,SeoulMA,LosAngeles-LongBeach-Anaheim,AbuDhabi,Madrid.TheGIHI2024overallrankingofmini-hubsisasfollows:Cambridge,Basel,Oxford,Geneva,Oslo,AnnArbor,Boulder,Ithaca,Lausanne,Heidelberg,Jerusalem,Eindhoven.0202■CONCLUSIONSFirst,GIHshaveprovidedstrongsupportfortheglobaleconomicrecovery,withcities/metropolitanareasinEuropeandAmericatakingtheleadandAsiancitiescatchinguprapidly.Theinnovationlandscapeofthetopcities/metropolitanareasremainscompetitiveandthedevelopmentofbayareasandmini-hubsshowdistinctcharacteristics:•TheinnovationcapabilityofAsiancitiescontinuestoimproverapidly,especiallyintheinnovationecosystemcategory.SevenAsiancitieshavemovedupinoverallrankingamongthetop50citiesalthoughEuropeandtheUnitedStatesstilltaketheleadininnovationandhave14cities/metropolitanareasrankingintheoveralltop20.•Bayareacitiesholdprominentadvantagesinintegrationofinnovationresources,withfourofthetopfivecities/metropolitanareasintheinnovationeconomyrankingbeingbayareas.Thesecitiesshowstrongstrengthsininnovationenterprisesandemergingindustries.•Cambridge,BaselandOxfordarethetopthreemini-hubswithapopulationoflessthanonemillion.Thesecitiesdriveinnovationbyleveragingdistinctstrengthsinspecificfields,suchasCambridgeandOxford’stopuniversities,abundantresearchtalentandwell-developedscientificinfrastructure,andBasel’sthrivinginnovationeconomyandemergingindustries.Second,thetop20citiescanbeclusteredintofourdevelopmentpatternsasrevealedbytheirscores,highlightingthekeyroleofsourcingcapabilityfororiginalinnovationinscientificandtechnologicalinnovation:•Innovationeconomy-orientedcities,suchasSanFrancisco-SanJose,TokyoMA,SeoulMAandDublinhavedemonstratedstrongindustrialcompetitivenessbydrivingtherapidgrowthofemergingindustriesandtechnologicalinnovations.Forexample,SanFrancisco-SanJoseisleadingintheinnovationeconomyforitsstrongperformanceandcontinuousinnovationinemergingfields,followedbyTokyoMAwithitssolidinnovationcapabilitiesandalargenumberofestablishedleadingcompanies.•Researchinnovation-orientedcities,suchasNewYorkMA,Beijing,BostonMAandGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,havebecomeimportantglobalinnovationhubswiththeirleadingresearchstrengthandacademicresources.Forexample,NewYorkMAishometoabundantresearchtalentandleadstheworldinknowledgecreation.•Thedevelopmentpatternofresearchinnovation+innovationecosystemimpliesthattheresearchandinnovationenvironmentdevelopsimultaneously,offeringhugepotentialfortheindustrialuseofscientificandtechnologicalachievements.Sevencitiesdemonstratethispattern,includingLondonMA,Baltimore-WashingtonandShanghai.•CitieswithabalanceddevelopmentpatternincludeMunich,Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue,SanDiego,SingaporeandAmsterdamMA.Thesecitiesarerelativelybalancedinresearchinfrastructure,innovation-drivenindustrializationandecosystems,andhavemaintainedtheiredgethroughopennessandcooperationaswellasresourceintegration.03033厂Thedevelopmentpatternsofthetop20GiHsInnovationEconomyResearchInnovationResearchInnovation+nnovationEcosystemBalancedtype8070504030200ResearchInnovationInnovationEconomyinnovationEcosystem>Third,inresearchinnovation,citiesintheUnitedStatescontinuetodominatewithsolidfoundations,althoughcitiesinChinaareontherise.Cities/metropolitanareasintheUnitedStatesnotonlyoutperformintheoverallrankingofresearchinnovation,butalsohavegreatadvantagesinknowledgecreation,maintainingtheleadinacademicresearch.Forexample,NewYorkMA,BostonMAandBaltimore-Washingtonareamongthetopfiveforthenumberofhighlycitedpapersandthetotalcitationsfrompatents,policyreportsandclinicaltrials.NewYorkMAranksfirstinresearchinnovation,followedcloselybyBeijing.Wuhan,Hangzhou,Changsha,TianjinandotherChinesecitieshavemovedupsignificantlyintheoverallranking.Chinesecitiesarestrongperformersintheresearchinstitutionssub-indicator,withBeijingandGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayAreahavingthemosttop200researchinstitutionsandworld-leadinguniversities.Chinesecitiesalsohavestrongpotentialforscientificinfrastructurewithseverallargescientificfacilitiesinconstruction.Fourth,intheinnovationeconomyindicator,thedrivingforcesfortheglobaleconomyhavechangedsignificantlyandtheriseofAIhasenabledtherapidgrowthofGIHs.GIHshaveshownstronginnovationmomentum.Themarketvaluesofhigh-techmanufacturingenterpriseshavegenerallyrecordedgrowth.SanFrancisco-SanJoseisnotonlytheabsoluteleaderintechnologicalinnovationcapabilities,innovativeenterprisesandemergingindustries,butithasalsooutperformedinincrementalgrowth.Inthepost-COVIDera,therehasbeenamajorchangeinthedriversoftheglobaleconomy.Themarketvalueofhigh-techmanufacturingenterprisesininformationtechnologyhasincreasedrapidly.Leadinginnovationenterprisesandunicorncompanies(privatelyownedstart-upcompaniesvaluedatmorethanUS$1billion)keepspringingupandthebiopharmasectorhasenteredatemporaryperiodofdormancy.GrossdomesticproductgrowthratesindicatethattheimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemicisdissipatingandtheglobaleconomyisonitswaytoastablerecovery.0404Fifth,intheinnovationecosystemindicator,citiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesleadtheworldwiththeirwell-establishedinfrastructure,servicesandinnovationculture,whileAsiancitiesaregainingmomentumwiththeirstronggrowthinoverseasinvestmentandfinancing.Inthepost-COVIDera,thedemandforairtravelcontinuestoreboundandGIHshaveseenasignificantgrowthintalentinflow.Growinginternationalexchangeshaveinjectednewmomentumintothecities’innovationecosystemsandfacilitatedtheexchangeofknowledgeandtechnology.Despitethesustaineddeclineinglobalcapitalflowsandventurecapitalinvestment,capitalflowsinemergingmarketsaremoreresilient.Forexample,theforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)ofKualaLumpurhasdoubled,andtheFDIofMumbai,BangaloreandtheCentralNationalCapitalRegionDelhiMAhaveincreasedby49%,25%and54%,respectively.MultinationalcompaniesareshiftingmoreinvestmentandresourcestosoutheastAsiaforamorediversifiedandstablesupplychain.■SPECIALFOCUSSECTIONS4Theglobaltrendofinternationalco-authorshipAsresearchisincreasinglytakingtheformof‘bigscience’,enhancedworldwidecooperationhasbecomeamajorforceforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Themostinfluentialcities/metropolitanareasareleadinginacademiccooperation.TheCOVID-19pandemicaffectedglobalresearchoutputandhadnegativeeffectsoninternationalcooperation.However,BeijingandtheGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayAreahavemaintainedgrowthinthenumberofinternationallyco-authoredpapersthatoriginatefromtheseareas,whichgoesagainstthetrend.In2022,Beijingrankedfirstinthenumberofinternationallyco-authoredpapersineightdisciplinesacrossscience,technology,engineeringandmedicine.Biomedicalandclinicalsciencesisthehottestareaforco-authorship,