非谓语动词non-finite verbs 课件 高中英语人教版必修第三册

非谓语动词non-finiteverbs

复习：基本句型和句子成分主+谓主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+宾+宾主+谓+宾+宾补两个修饰成分：定语、状语非谓语：在句中不充当谓语的动词Hecameinsidetheroom.HecameinsidetheroomwhenIwasnotthere.Hecameinsidetheroomwhichshecleanedupcarefully.Hecameinsidetheroom,buthecouldn’tfindanything.Hecameinsidetheroom,findingnothing.Injured

inhisleg,hecameherelate.Hecameheretolookfortreatment.谓语&非谓语从形式上看，非谓语动词分三类：todo:表目的；未发生的事V-ing:

表动作当下状态；主动V-ed:

表被动非谓语使用条件一个句子中,已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Wheneverhewasaskedthequestion,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwaysofferingthesameexcuse.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcoveringthedesert.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames

heldinBeijingin2008.Thefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjusttohavealookatthesportsstars.找出谓语及非谓语形式名称具有以下词类功能非谓语可充当的句子成分主语宾语表语定语状语宾补todo动词不定式名词形容词副词doing动名词名词现在分词形容词副词done过去分词非谓语的基本结构和功能动词不定式todoTofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.Shearrangedtohavedinnertogether.Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.Iadvisedhimtomakepreparationinadvance.HeisthefirstmantoflysoloacrossAtlantic.Toapplyforthescholarship,youneedtosubmitacompletedform.主语主语宾语表语宾补定语状语形式名称具有以下词类功能非谓语可充当的句子成分主语宾语表语定语状语宾补todo动词不定式名词形容词副词√√√√√√doing动名词名词现在分词形容词副词done过去分词非谓语的基本结构和功能doing现在分词/动名词Talkingiseasierthandoing.Itisnousewaitinghere.MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.Themanstandingbythewindowismyteacher.Shefelloffthebike,breakingherleftleg.主语主语宾语表语宾补定语状语形式名称具有以下词类功能非谓语可充当的句子成分主语宾语表语定语状语宾补todo动词不定式名词形容词副词√√√√√√doing动名词名词√√√√现在分词形容词副词√√√√done过去分词非谓语的基本结构和功能done过去分词Tomsoundsverymuvhinterestedinthejob.Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.Youshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoiingonhere.表语宾补定语状语形式名称具有以下词类功能非谓语可充当的句子成分主语宾语表语定语状语宾补todo动词不定式名词形容词副词√√√√√√doing动名词名词√√√√现在分词形容词副词√√√√done过去分词√√√√非谓语的基本结构和功能1.Itis(adj.)todo...：it作形式主语Itisfascinatingtoworkwithyou.特例：Itisnouse/nopoint/nogood/useful/useless/fun/pleasant/awasteoftime/apleasuredoingsth.Itisnouse

tryingtoarguewithSam.Isitanygoodexplainingagain?Itispleasantworkingwithyou.Itisawasteoftimearguingwithhim.一、主语非谓语作主语2.非谓语的否定：在整个非谓语结构前+not/neverNotconsideringyourfeelingismyfault.Nottospeakinthelibraryisamanner.3.非谓语做主语，可被定语修饰(sb’s)Myopeningthedoordisturbedyou.非谓语作主语形式名称具有以下词类功能非谓语可充当的句子成分主语宾语表语定语状语宾补todo动词不定式名词形容词副词√√√√√√doing动名词名词√√√√现在分词形容词副词√√√√done过去分词√√√√非谓语的基本结构和功能1.todo(表示还未发生的、目的、将要做的)常接不定式的动词有：wish/hopetodo、want/desire/prefertodo、failtodo、plan/expecttodo、agree/promisetodo、decide/arrange/determinetodo、mean/intendtodo、affordtodo、promisetodo、refusetodo、applytodo、pretendtodo、managetodo(成功做..)、offertodo(主动提出)、happentodo(碰巧做...)、remainto(bedone):有待...Majorquestionsremaintobeansweredabouthiswork【主动形式，无被动】2.doing常接doing的动词有：deny(否认),miss(错过),avoid,escape;admit,forbid(禁止),consider,suggest,finish;mind(介意),risk(冒险),imagine,allow,practise,enjoy/appreciate二、宾语非谓语作宾语lookforwardtodoing 期待devote...todoing 献身于

getused/accustomedtodoing 习惯payattentiontodoing 注重做be/getclosetodoing 接近做getdowntodoing 开始着手做thekeytodoing 做某事的关键leadtodoing 导致sticktodoing 坚持做某事makecontributionstodoing为...作出贡献v+ing作介词to的宾语：非谓语作宾语其他常见固定搭配havenochoicebut/excepttodo

没有选择只能做can’tstanddoing

无法忍受做havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)doingsth.很难做某事haveagoodtime/fun(in)doingsth.bebusy/occupied(in)doingsth. 忙于做某事spendsometime(in)doingsth. 花时间做某事非谓语作宾语以下动词接todo与doing作宾语意思有较大区别remember forget regrettrymeanstop goon can’thelpIregretmissingthereport. （后悔）IregrettosayIcan'ttakeyouradvice. （遗憾）Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise. （继续，接着）Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise. （继续另一件事情）Westoppedtalking. （停止）Westoptotalk. （停下做另一件事）Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.（设法；努力）ALet'strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway.（尝试）AIdidn'tmeantomakeyouangry. （打算做）AYourplanwouldmeanspendingmorehours. （意味着）非谓语作宾语以下动词既可以接todo，也可以接doing作宾语（主动表被动）need require want deserveThewatchneeds

repairing/toberepaired.Thewatchrequires

repairing/toberepaired.Thewatchwants

repairing/toberepaired.Themurdererdeserves

punishing/tobepunished.非谓语作宾语以下动词接todo与doing作宾语意思有细微区别love like dislike hateIlikedancing,butIdon’tliketodancewithyoutonight.doing通常表示常规性动作，todo通常表示特殊性、一次性动作形式名称具有以下词类功能非谓语可充当的句子成分主语宾语表语定语状语宾补todo动词不定式名词形容词副词√√√√√√doing动名词名词√√√√现在分词形容词副词√√√√done过去分词√√√√非谓语的基本结构和功能1.不定式(todo)作表语:主语通常是plan,aim,goal,priority,purpose等,表目的Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.Mypriorityistodrivethemtothepowerstationnow.Hisgoalistobecomeanactor.2.动词ing作表语时，通常表示一般/常规性动作，或事物的性质&特征Hishobbyisreadingbooks.Thisfoodsmellsinviting.‌（这种食物香味怡人）‌Thisbookisinteresting.‌‌Theproblemisquitepuzzling.‌三、表语非谓语作表语3.过去分词Done作表语：Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如：crowded,devoted,discouraged,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,等。非谓语作表语形式名称具有以下词类功能非谓语可充当的句子成分主语宾语表语定语状语宾补todo动词不定式名词形容词副词√√√√√√doing动名词名词√√√√现在分词形容词副词√√√√done过去分词√√√√非谓语的基本结构和功能1.不定式todo作宾补：advisesb.todo/asksb.todoallow/permitsb.todowarnsb.nottodo其余还有：beg,cause,command,order,drive(驱使),elect(选举),encourage,expect,forbid,force(强迫),invite,mean,persuade,remind,teach,tell等表示“使/让某人去做某事”四、宾语补足语（主+谓+宾+宾补）动词不定式省略to：感官动词：see,hear,watch,notice,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel使役动词：have,make,let①

感官动词/使役动词+sb./sth.+dosth.（主动关系，强调结果）如：Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.②

被动时要加to：Thegirlwasseentorunacrossthestreet.非谓语作宾补非谓语作宾补2.现在分词doing作宾补：主+谓+宾+宾补

Vsb.doingsth.

：（主动关系，强调动作正在进行）‌感官动词‌：see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feelIsawalittlegirlrunningacrossthestreet.‌使役动词‌：have,get,find,leave,keep,catch（主动关系，强调动作持续进行）Ikepthimwaitingforhours.It'sdangerousifyouhavethefireburningallthenight.‌其他动词‌：discover/catch/find(发现),bring,prevent,send,set,start,stopcatchsb.cheating/stealingIpreventedhimenteringtheroom.Isenthimrunningtothestore.Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.Ican'tmakemyselfunderstood.WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyautumnleaves.Isawtheoldwomanknockeddownbyatruck.

1.Theguestsleftmostofthedishes___________(touch),becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.2.Youshouldkeepme_________(inform)ofthelatestnews.untouchedinformed非谓语作宾补3.过去分词done作宾补：（被动关系）4.With+宾语+非谓语(宾补)的复合结构：

判断逻辑主语和非谓动词的主被动关系，或表目的非谓语作宾补1.Withnoone________(talk)to,Johnfeltmiserable.Withalotofwork_______(do),hewasn'tallowedtogoout.2.Withprices_________(go)upsofast,wecan'taffordluxuries.Withthecrowds_________(cheer),theydrovetothepalace.3.Shehadtowalkhomewithherbike________(steal).Isatinmyroomforafewminuteswithmyeyes______(fix)ontheceiling.Icrossedmyarms===Istoodthere,withmyarmscrossed.totalktodogoingcheeringstolenfixed形式名称具有以下词类功能非谓语可充当的句子成分主语宾语表语定语状语宾补todo动词不定式名词形容词副词√√√√√√doing动名词名词√√√√现在分词形容词副词√√√√done过去分词√√√√非谓语的基本结构和功能1.不定式todo作定语(后置定语)，它和被修饰词的关系有三种：主谓、动宾和同位HeisthefirstmantoflysoloacrossAtlantic.Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolivein.请谨记旅行中要遵守的规矩。Pleaseremembertherulestofollowduringthetrip.我们都有上大学的机会。Weallhaveachancetogotouniversity.五、定语：非谓语作定语主谓关系同位关系动宾关系2.doing与done作定语对比学1）前置定语(doing通常表示动作正在进行和主动,done表示动作已完成或被动)boilingwater,fallingleaves,asleepingchild,therisingsun(thesunwhichisrising)boiledwater,fallenleaves,aspoiled(被宠坏的)kid,theinspiredaudience2）作后置定语（相当于一个定语从句,需要找到逻辑主语后判断主被动）Thosepeople__________(wish)tojointhisclubpleasesignhere.=Thosepeoplewhowishtojointhisclubpleasesignhere.Thegoods__________(export)fromShenzhencustoms(海关)havereachedthedestination.=ThegoodswhichareexportedfromShenzhencustomshavereached...非谓语作定语wishingexportedWemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson_________(receive)thegift.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases________(know)onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge．Theman__________(sit)atthebackisMr.Smith.(sit:vi.主动坐下；seat:vt.(使)就座;向…提供座位seatyourself)

sit=beseated4.Ancientculturesaroundtheworlddevelopedcustoms_______(design)towelcomethereturnofthesun.5.Therearetworoads____________(lead)tothevillage.6.Someofthequestions____________(raise)bythestudentswereverydifficulttoanswer.Exercise:-ing与-ed作定语找到被修饰词（逻辑主语）,判断主被动receivingknownsittingdesignedleadingraised非谓语作定语Exercise2）作后置定语（相当于一个定语从句,通常需要找到逻辑主语后判断主被动）4.Therearealotofrestaurants__________(serve)westernfood.=Therearealotofrestaurantswhichservewesternfood.5.Theflowers___________(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.=Theflowerswhichsmellsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitors...6.Shelearnedtolovethecountry,andeventuallywroteabook___________(base)onherexperiencesinthecountry.=Shewroteabookwhichisbasedonherexperience.servingsmellingbased形式名称具有以下词类功能非谓语可充当的句子成分主语宾语表语定语状语宾补todo动词不定式名词形容词副词√√√√√√doing动名词名词√√√√现在分词形容词副词√√√√done过去分词√√√√非谓语的基本结构和功能1.不定式todo作状语①目的状语：Toapplyforthescholarship,youneedtosubmitacompletedform.②结果状语：Herushedhomeonlytofindthepartywasover.Thenewsreporterhurriedtotheairport,onlytofindthefilmstarshadleft.Thelittlegirlistooyoungtotakecareofherself.Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.Sheissoquietastostayathomethewholeday.Itwassuchaloudnoiseastowakeeveryoneintheroom.六、状语：非谓语作状语too+adj./adv.+todo：太...以至于不能做...adj./adv.+enough+todo:足以做onlytodo...表示不如意的结果，“不料却...”so+adj./adv.+astosuch+n.+asto如此...以至于...现在分词和过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加when,if,while,though等连词①时间状语：WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=___________________________,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=____________________________________,Icameacrossanoldfriend.Whenourtownisseenfromthehill,itlooksbeautiful.=___________________________,ourtownlooksbeautiful.=___________________________,ourtownlooksbeautiful.2.doing与done作状语WalkinginthestreetWhen/whilewalkinginthestreetSeenfromthehillWhenseenfromthehill非谓语作状语②原因状语：As/Becausehelivesfarfromschool,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.=____________________________,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.③伴随状语：MarystoodattheschoolgateandwaitedforBetty.=Marystoodattheschoolgate,__________________________.条件状语：Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.=____________________________,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.=____________________________,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.LivingfarfromschoolwaitingforBettyGivenmoretimeIfgivenmoretime2.doing与done作状语非谓语作状语让步状语：Thoughitweighsalmost50kilograms,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.=________________________________________,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.=____________________________________,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.⑥

结果状语：ApassengerplanehascrashedinLibyaandkilledmorethan100peopleonboard.=ApassengerplanehascrashedinLibya,_______________________（Though）Weighingalmost50kilograms（Although）Beatenbytheenemykillingmorethan100people…2.doing与done作状语非谓语作状语现在分词/过去分词作状语,找逻辑主语

主动就用-ing,被动就用-ed1.

____________(walk)

in

the

street,Icame

across

anold

friend.

2.

____________

(use)your

head,you

will

find

a

way.3.

____________(keep)

in

refrigerator,

these

vegetables

will

remain

fresh.

4.

____________(see)

from

the

space,

the

earthlooks

blue.

5.____________(measure)3

to4feetinlength,

the

snake

was

trapped

by

him

with

abag.doing与done作状语Exercise：WalkingUsingKeptSeenMeasuring逻辑主语就是句子的主语非谓语作状语对比:目的状语与伴随状语Alicereturnedfromthemanager’soffice,_________(tell)methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce．Shewrotetotheeditor,________(hope)thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________(rest)onabigrock．Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,__________(prepare)alongspeech.___________(keep)warm,weshutallthewindows.tellinghopingtorestpreparingTokeep逗号后面通常是伴随状语非谓语作状语ExercisesJustthentheyoungmanoffered

________(take)mybabyintohisarms.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only____________(tell)thefilmstarshadleft．Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______(have)alookatthesportsstars. Pingyao,anOldTownwithitsownseveral-kilometer-longwall,hasmanaged___________(preserve)itsMingandQingappearance.

tobetoldtotaketohavetopreserveWedon’tallow___________(swim)