Unit3 Food and Culture Discover Useful Structures 课件-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Thepastperfecttense&Thepastperfectpassivevoice过去完成时与过去完成时的被动式Unit3

FoodandCulture-DiscoverusefulstructuresLearningobjectivesYouareexpectedto:discoverandgrasptheformandrulesofpastperfecttenseandpastperfectpassivevoice;2.learnaboutthefunctionthroughpractice;3.talkaboutsomethingusingpastperfecttenseanditspassivevoice.过去分词的构成：1.规则动词的变化：a)一般情况下在动词后面加ed

work------workedplay--------playedb)以e结尾的动词直接加d

use------used

refuse------refusedc)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y改i再加edstudy-----studiedcarry-----carriedd)以重读闭音节结尾的，前面有单个元音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加edstop----stoppeddrop-------dropped2.不规则动词的变化见不规则动词表P122-123过去完成时的构成：由助动词had+动词的过去分词（V.pp)1.PriortocomingtoChina，myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica，withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.2.WhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrivedinChina，wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.3.ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtousbyafriend，andfinally，wefoundit.4.Tired，hungry，andnotknowingawordofChinese，wehadnoideahowtoorder，sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.自主感知1.以上句子中所用的时态都是

。2.句2和句4中使用的是过去完成时态的

语态，其基本结构是________3.句1和句3中使用的是过去完成时态的

语态，其基本结构是_________过去完成时主动had＋过去分词被动had＋been＋过去分词自我发现过去完成时概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作或状态（过去的过去）。时间分析pastnowpastinthepast构成：_____________被动________________haddonehadbeendonePastFuturePresent“过去的过去”haddoneBythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.主动语态被动语态肯定形式haddonehadbeendone否定形式hadnotdonehadnotbeendone一般疑问句had＋主语＋donehad＋主语＋beendone特殊疑问句疑问词＋had＋主语＋done疑问词＋had＋主语＋beendone1.When

thepolicearrived,thethief

hadrunaway.2.Before

hevolunteeredtodirectthetraffic,Tomhadlostlotsofjobs.3.He

hadn’tfinisheditbyyesterdayevening.4.BytheendofJune,they__________(treat)over800patients.TheUsageoftheTense(1)（1）表示过去某时或某动作之前就已经完成或结束的动作。hadtreated和过去完成时搭配的时间状语1.by+过去的时间点Eg:Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.2.by+theendof+过去的时间点Eg:WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3.before+过去的时间点Eg:TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.1.Kevinhadbeenanewspaperreporter

fortwoyearsbeforehebecame

abusinessman.2.Hesaid

he____________

(work)inthatfactorysince1949.3.Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinally_______(come).came（2）过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，有时可能继续下去，常与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。hadworked

TheUsageoftheTense(2)1.Scarcelyhad

thevotes

beencounted,whenthetelephonerang.2.Nosoonerhad

Iwalked

outthanIrememberedthatIforgotmyhomework.3.Hardlyhad

wesat

downtosupperwhenthephonerang.TheUsageoftheTense(3)Whatarethemeaningsandfeaturesofthefollowingsentences?（3）常用固定句型：（刚……就……）Hardly/Scarcely...when；Nosooner...than否定词置于句首，需要部分倒装。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。1.We

hadintendedtohaveabarbecueintheopenair,buttheweatherwasbad.2.Ihadwished__________(become)adoctor,butIstudiedlawatcollege.3.They____________(plan)toseeusoffattheairport.TheUsageoftheTense(4)（4）常用hope,expect,suppose,think,want,wish等动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、计划或者打算。hadplannedtobecomeTheUsageoftheTense(5)1.Itwasthefirsttimeshe_________(leave)hermotherland.2.Itisthefirsttime(that)I_____________(speak)inpublic.3.This_____(be)thefirsttimeIhadseenDadsofurious

(狂怒的).4.Itistimeforus________(pack)upandleave.hadlefthavespokenwas

（5）It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second...time(+that)…

这是/那是某人第一/第二次/第……次做……此复合句型中，若主语中的be动词为was,从句中的谓语则用过去完成时；若主句中的be动词为is,从句中的谓语则用现在完成时。topackItishigh/abouttimethatwe______________(do)somethingtostoppollution.

did/shoulddoItishigh/abouttimethatsbdid/shoulddosth

是该做……的时候了(should不可省略)TheUsageoftheTense(5)

练习1.Bynineo’clock

lastnight，I___________(finish)doingmyEnglishhomework.2.Theclassroom________________(clean)beforetheteachercameback.3.Whenthepolicecamein,manyvaluablestuffs____________（steal）.4.Bytheendof

lastyear,they________(build)manynewhouses.hadfinishedhadn’tbeencleanedhadbeenstolenhadbuilt过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：

They_____________(arrive)atthestationbytenyesterday.昨天10点前他们已经到达了车站。They__________(arrive)atthestationattenyesterday.他们昨天在10点到达了车站。hadarrivedarrived

2．在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。③Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstprizeinthecompositioncompetition.她很高兴。她的所有家人对她也很满意。在作文比赛中她刚拿了第一名。④Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.他走进房间，打开灯，读起晚报来。当两个或两个以上发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。过去完成时和一般过去时的区别时态结构用法一般过去时主动：did/was/were动作发生在过去的某个时间被动：was/weredone过去完成时主动：haddone动作发生在过去的某个时间、动作之前被动：hadbeendone过去完成时与现在完成时的区别I___________inChinaforfiveyearsbeforeIwenttoAmerica.在我去美国之前，我已经在中国住了五年。I____________inChinaforfiveyears.我目前已经在中国住了五年。

hadlivedhavelived现在完成时的动作发生在过去，但是时间参照点是现在；强调过去的动作对现在的影响过去完成时的动作发生在过去，但是时间参照点是过去的某一时间强调动作或状态开始于过去，也结束于过去先后过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。过去完成时的被动语态有以下几种形式：(1)肯定结构：主语＋hadbeendone＋其他成分。(2)否定结构：主语＋hadnotbeendone＋其他成分。(3)疑问句结构：had＋主语＋beendone＋其他成分？疑问词＋had＋主语＋beendone＋其他成分？五、过去完成时的被动语态一、什么是过去完成时的被动语态？表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已发生且已完成的动作或状态。主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系如：Thework

hadbeenfinished

byusbynineo’clockyesterday.Gracerealizedamistake

hadbeenmade

byher.Theproject

hadbeencompleted

bytheendof1999.六、过去完成时的被动语态用法七、过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。①

before

(连词/介词)+过去的时间点“在…之前”②

by

+过去的时间点“到…为止”③

by

the

end

of

+过去的时间点“到…为止”④

by

the

time

+(一般过去时)“到…为止”一、基本用法1.由时间状语来判定如果动作有前后顺序，发生在前的用“过去完成时”

发生在后的用”一般过去时”E.g.Shesaidthatshe

hadseenthefilmbefore.2.由”过去的过去”来判定1.一个简单句只有一个动词，除非有and连接，需注意主从复合句动词。2.如何判断动词的时态：一看时间状语，二看参考动词，三品句子意思。3.动词的三大考点：时态，语态，主谓一致。缺一不可，要考虑这三点之后才落笔答题。Summary1.Shereturnedhomeand________(find)allherfurniture_____(ruin)by

theflood.2.ThisMondaymorningIwasinformedI________

(choose)asoneofthreeexchangestudentsfromourcollege.3.Arthurwassurprisedbecausethetornado_________(take)thefeathersoffhischickens.4.He________(try)todrivebacktohishomebeforethefloodpassedthroughthevillage.5.Bynineo'clocklastnight,we

(get)200picturesfromthespaceship.6.I(want)tohelpyoubutIcouldn'tgethereintime.foundhadbeenruinedhadbeenchosenhadtakenhadtriedPracticeⅠ.单句语法填空hadgothadwanted7.Theboydidn'trememberwhetherhishomework________________(hand)in.8.Themediareportedmorethan1,000people

(kill)intheearthquake.9.Iwasverysadathisdeath.We

(be)goodfriendssinceourchildhood.10.She

(work)onthefarmforthreeyearsbeforeshebecameateacher.11.WhenIgottoschool,IrealisedI

(leave)mybagathome.12.Helensaidthatshe

(move)toanotherflat.hadbeenhandedhadbeenkilledhadbeenhadworkedhadlefthadmoved3.Arrivingatthepartyhurriedly,we______(be)disappointedtofindthattheband___________(stop)playing.4.Hardly______helefttheroomwhenthetravelerentered.5.EhlerscalledthenumberofJeffandLisatotellthemthattheirdog________________(find).(2019全国Ⅱ卷改)6.Lastwinter,whenI_______(go)thereagain,they_______(have)abigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens.(2018全国Ⅰ卷)hadstopped

were

had

hadbeenfoundwent

had高考链接1.Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandI_________(keep)tellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.

(