卓越研究生英语（理工篇）综合教程2-教案 U6 The ethics of technology

卓越研究生英语（理工篇）卓越研究生英语（理工篇）2教师用书PAGEPAGE2Unit6TheethicsoftechnologyUnitoverview核心问题：技术与伦理道德有何关系？我们如何实现二者的和谐发展？视听素材视频视频探讨了人工智能技术应用于日常生活所面临的挑战，强调消费者难以单独应对技术负面效应，提倡强化设计者与企业责任，构建伦理框架保护人权；通过制定法规和建立健全监管体系，以保护隐私、增强透明度及确保问责，共创技术造福人类的未来。教学目的：能力。阅读素材主课文文章指出在技术飞速发展并得到广泛应用前企业需预先考虑潜在风险，成为负责任的技术管理者。通过跨学科合作，企业可以更全面地理解和解决潜在的伦理风险；在战略规划阶段，企业应暂停下来，深入思考，全面评估技术可能引发的问题，制定风险缓解策略；明确责任归属，设立首席技术伦理官来统筹管理伦理事宜，确保技术进步同时维护公众信任。拓展阅读1文章主要介绍了中国人工智能治理的三种系统方法：国家互联网信息办公室规制算法应用，推出算法治理规则及三年规划；中国信息通信研究院与行业合作，发布可信人工智能白皮书，推进系统测试认证，加速算法可解释性进展；科学技术部着重伦理规范，制定指南呼吁设立伦理审查机制，并将其融入人工智能系统全生命周期。文章呼吁，各国应合作建立人工智能治理机制，以促进人工智能技术造福人类。拓展阅读2文章阐述了新兴技术在提供便利的同时也引发了新的伦理问题，如隐私、安全和人类尊严等，这要求我们在追求创新与发展中，重视可持续性、平等及人类尊严，并且需要有政治承诺和良好治理来应对这些挑战。成果产出为参加学术会议撰写一篇论文摘要，主题为：技术与道德之间的联系。LeadinginReferenceanswersPositiveapplication:E-learningplatformsandeducationalappsAI-assisteddiagnosisandroboticsurgeryBike-sharingappsandautonomousdrivingtechnologiesGPS,satelliteandreal-timeanalyticsNegativeapplication:Creationofdeepfakes,includingimages,videos,oraudioUnauthorizedaccesstoprivateinformationIdentitytheftDiscriminatoryalgorithmsExploring:ViewingScriptCarlosAffonsoSouza:Doyouuseanynavigationapplicationtogothroughtrafficjams?Whathappenswhenyouscrolldownthroughyoursocialmediafeeds?Doyoufollowanyrecommendationthatanystreamingservicemightgiveyou?SobytheendoftheweknowthatAIisthere,butdoweactuallyunderstandwhatisgoingon?Andcanwetrusttheoutputofthoseapplications?EllenBroad:Today,theapproachthatwe’vetakentothesekindsoftechnologiesistosay,well,consumerscanfigurethisoutontheirown.Theycanreadthetermsandconditionsonwebsites.Theycanchoosenottoparticipateincertaindigitalenvironments.Butincreasingly,theseproductsandplatformsarepartofourlives.Theyarepartofthewaythatweprovideeducation.Theyarepartofthewaythatwelookforjobs.Andthatpowerimbalancecannotbeaddressedbysimplygivingconsumersmoreinformationorgivingthemindividualrightsofcomplaint.Whatwe’reultimatelygoingtohavetodoifwe’regoingtochangethekindofstructuralwaysinwhichthesetechnologiesaredesignedistopushtheresponsibilitiesbackonourdesigners,backontheorganizationswhoarerelyingontechnologiestochangetheirpractices.GabrielaRamos:Technologieslikeartificialintelligencehavethepotentialtoempowerpeopleandtobroadentheirperspectives.Ortheycanwideninequalitiesandreallydon’tcontributetoaddress(addressing)oursocietalchallenges.Butwecannotblamethetechnologies.It’snotaboutthetechnologies.It’saboutusdevelopingtheframework,shapingtherulesthatwillallowthesetechnologiestodeliverto(on)whatwewantthemtoachieve.Andweneedtomakesurethatweembedthoseveryimportantethicalprinciples,theprotectionandpromotionofhumanrightsandhumandignity,thatwillat(in)theenddeterminetheoutcomes.EmmaRuttkamp-Bloem:ResponsiblegovernanceofAItechnologieswithoutthebuy-inofbigtechandothercompaniesisimpossible.Itisnecessaryforustofindwaysinwhichtoexplaintothemthatethicsisnotaboutabstractprinciples.Ethicsshouldbebottom-up.Itisadynamicsystem.Itshouldenableinnovationandintheendleadtotrustinproductsofthesecompanies,whichwouldleadtosuccessintermsofwhatevertheirbusinessaimsare.CarlosAffonsoSouza:seehowethicaldebatesendup(haveendedup)playinganimportantroleinshapingtheconversationofAIregulationoverthelastfiveyears.saw(see)aplethoraofcharters,declaration(declarations)ofAIethicalprinciples.areseeingrightnowthatthoseprinciplesarebeingappliedonaverypracticalbasis.AlotofcountriesinLatinAmericahavealreadycomeupwiththeirnationalstrategiesonartificialintelligence,butsomecountriesintheregionaregoingastepTheyareactuallyregulating,throughhardsomeoftheprinciplesofartificialintelligence.EllenBroad:IntheEuropeanUnion,we’relookingatdraftAIacts.IntheU.S.,Congressisstartingtotalkingreatdetailabout(the)monopolypoweroftechnologycompanies.Andyoucanseethewheelsturningacrosstheworldascountriesmovefromawarenessraisingtostrategytoattemptsatimplementation,attemptsatregulation.EmmaRuttkamp-Bloem:Lackofaccessibilitytothesetechnologiesbydefinitionwouldexcludeonefromthedebateonresponsiblegovernancebecause,ineffect,thedecisionsthataregeneratedinsuchaprocesswouldjustnotapplytoapersonwhowasnotpartofthedataset.Soinfactyouaredeleted.don’texist.CarlosAffonsoSouza:Sothereisafirststepthatneedstobetaken,whichistounderstandwhichgroupsareexcludedfromthisconversation,becausewhenwetalkabout(the)regulationofAI,we’retalkingaboutprivacy,we’retalkingaboutdataprotection,we’retalkingaboutfreedomofexpression,(and)we’retalkingaboutverybasichumanrights.GabrielaRamos:Whatmakesthedifferenceistohavesoundregulatoryframeworksthatwillprotectprivacy,thatwillenhancetransparency,(and)thatwillreallydeliveronaccountability.Butthisissomethingweneedtoshape.Itneedstobethroughaprocesswherewelistentoeverybody,andIfeelthatthisistheonlywaywecandeliver(a)strongbasisforthetechnologiestodeliverto(on)ourhumangoals.CarlosAffonsoSouza:Thegreatriskatthispointintimeisthatartificialintelligencebecomesa(an)armsraceinwhicheachcountryonlyfocus(focuses)onitsowncontextandsee(sees)theothercountriesascompetitors.AImightbuildbridgesandconnectpeopleandcountries,butatthesametime(it)couldbetheotherwayaround.Thisisthedebatethatyoushouldcareabout,becausethat’sthedebatethatisshapingupourfuturewithtechnology.ReferenceanswersPre-viewingIagreewiththeperspectivethattheproblemscausedbycertaintechnologiescanbereducedifconsumerschoosenottousethem.Thisviewpointisvalidforseveralreasons:Firstly,consumerresistancetospecifictechnologiescanactasapotentfeedbackmechanismwithinthemarket.Whenasignificantnumberofuserschoosenottoadoptorcontinueusingcertaintechnologiesduetoperceivednegativeimpacts,itsignalsproducerstoimproveandinnovate,addressingusers’concernsandenhancingsatisfaction.Secondly,makinginformedchoicesofteninvolvespublicdiscussion.Asindividualsdeliberateonwhethertousecertaintechnologies,awarenessanddiscussionoftheirbenefitsanddrawbacksincrease.Thismayleadtoabroaderunderstandingofemergingtechnologiesandsupportforregulatoryframeworksthatensureresponsibleinnovationanddeployment.Inconsumersoptingoutofcertaintechnologiesisbothapracticalresponsetoperceivedissuesandacatalystforbroaderchangesinhowtechnologyisdevelopedandadopted.Itencouragesongoingconversationsabouttheroleoftechnologyinsociety,contributingtoamorebalancedapproachthatconsidersbothprogressandethicalconsiderations.Idisagreewiththeperspectivethatconsumersalonecanmitigatenegativeimpactsbychoosingnottousecertaintechnologies.Theargumentisbasedonseveralpoints:Firstly,technologyhasbecomesointegraltodailylife,includingessentialserviceslikeeducation,healthcare,andemployment,makingitimpracticalformostuserstoavoid.Forexample,onlinelearningplatforms,telemedicine,anddigitaljobmarketsarenecessitiesintoday’sworld.Secondly,responsibilityshouldnotsolelyrestonconsumers.Techcompaniesanddevelopersneedtoensuretheirproductsandservicesaredesignedethicallyfromtheoutset,includingcomprehensivetesting,transparentprivacypolicies,andethicalalgorithmernmentalagenciesplayacrucialroleinaddressingnegativeimpacts.Complexissueslikeprivacyanddatasecurityrequiremorethanconsumerchoices.Effectiveregulationsandpoliciesareessentialtoensureresponsibletechdevelopmentandprotectpublicinterests.Therefore,addressingtechnology’snegativeimpactsrequirescollaborationamongconsumers,techcompanies,andgovernmentalagencies.Thisinvolvesfosteringcorporateresponsibility,implementingstrongregulations,andincreasingpublicunderstanding.Bysharingresponsibilityandworkingtogether,wecancreateamoreequitableandethicaldigitallandscape.AnalyticalviewingViewingandunderstandingoutputdesignersandorganizationstherulesbigtechandothercompaniesAIregulationhumanrightsastrongbasiscontextExercisesonline★ Watchthevideoagainandmatchthefourspeakerswiththeirargumentsandtheexplanationsprovided.SpeakersArgumentsExplanationsEllenBroadATheethicalprinciplesofAIarebeingappliedonahighlypracticalbasis.aItisourresponsibilitytocreatetheframeworkandestablishtherulesthatenablethesetechnologiestofulfilltheoutcomeswedesire.GabrielaRamosBMerelygivingconsumersinformationaboutdigitalproductsandplatformsisn’tenoughtoaddressthepowerimbalance.bDecisionsresultingfromtheprocesswouldsimplynotbeapplicabletoanindividualwhoisnotincludedinthedataset.CarlosAffonsoSouzaCshouldnotblamethetechnologiesforwideninginequalitiesandmakingnocontribution toaddressing challenges.chavebecomeintegraltoessentialaspectsoflifelikeeducationandjobsearch.EmmaRuttkamp-BloemDTheabsenceofaccesstotechnologieswouldautomaticallyexcludeindividuals fromparticipating indiscussions onresponsiblegovernance.dSeveralLatinAmericancountrieshavedevelopednationalstrategiesforAI,andcertaincountriesintheregionareenactinglegalregulationstoenforcespecificprinciples.EllenBroad--B--cGabrielaRamos--C--aCarlosAffonsoSouza--A--dEmmaRuttkamp-Bloem--D--bThinkingbeyondEnsuringtheresponsibledevelopmentanduseofAIrequirestheinvolvementofvariousstakeholders,includingthegovernment,companies,researchinstitutions,andindividualusers.Here’showeachgroupcanhelpensureAIisusedethicallyandresponsibly.ThegovernmentThegovernmentplaysacriticalroleinsettingthelegalandregulatoryframeworkthatguidesthedevelopmentandapplicationofAI.Itshouldfocuson:Regulationandpolicy:EstablishclearguidelinesandstandardsforAIusethatprotectandhumanrights.Thisincludesdataprotectionlaws,regulationsonalgorithmictransparency,andaccountabilitymeasures.Ethicalstandards:PromoteethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopmentanduse,ensuringthatAIsystemsdonotperpetuatebiasesordiscrimination.Publicawareness:EducatethepublicaboutAItoincreasedigitalliteracyandawarenessofpotentialrisksandbenefits.Investmentinresearch:ProvidefundingforresearchintothedevelopmentofsafeandbeneficialAIapplications,aswellasstudiesonthelong-termimpactsofAIonvariousaspectsofCompaniesCompaniesarekeyplayersinthedevelopmentanddeploymentofAItechnologies.Theirresponsibilitiesinclude:Ethicalbusinesspractices:EnsurethatAIproductsandservicesadheretoethicalbusinesspractices,suchasfairness,accountability,andtransparency.Dataresponsibility:HandledataresponsiblybyimplementingrobustdatagovernanceframeworksthatrespectuserprivacyanddataUser-centricdesign:DesignAIsystemswiththeend-userinmind,consideringthediverseneedsandcontextsofusers.Continuousimprovement:PursuecontinuousimprovementofAIsystemsthroughfeedbackmechanismsanditerativedesignprocesses.ResearchinstitutionsResearchinstitutionscontributetoadvancingAIresponsiblythrough:Interdisciplinaryresearch:Encouragecollaborationamongcomputerscientists,ethicists,socialscientists,andexpertsfromotherdisciplinestoaddressthecomplexchallengesposedbyAI.Openaccess:Promoteopenaccesstoresearchfindingsanddataresourcestofacilitateknowledgesharingandaccelerateinnovation.andeducation:DevelopcurriculathatintegrateethicalconsiderationsintoAIeducation,preparingfuturegenerationstodevelopanddeployAIPublicengagement:InvolvethepublicindiscussionsaboutAIresearchprioritiesandethicalconsiderations.IndividualsIndividualscanalsoplayapartinensuringtheresponsibleuseofAI:Educationandawareness:LearnaboutAItechnologiesandstayinformedaboutthelatestdevelopmentsandtheirimplications.Ethicaluse:BemindfuloftheethicalimplicationswhenusingAI-poweredtoolsandservices.Engagement:ParticipateincommunitydiscussionsandadvocacyeffortsrelatedtoAIgovernance.Feedback:ProvidefeedbacktodevelopersandpolicymakersaboutexperienceswithAIsystems,contributingtotheimprovementsandadjustments.Byworkingtogether,thesegroupscanhelpensurethatAIisdevelopedandusedinwaysthatbenefitsocietyasawholewhileminimizingpotentialharms.AdditionalactivityCarlosAffonsoSouzadiscussesthedualpotentialofAItoeitherbuildbridgesorcreatedivisionsamongcountries.Analyzethefactorsthatcouldleadtoeitheroutcome.HowcanAIbeleveragedtopromoteglobalunityandcooperationratherthancompetitionanddivision?ReferenceanswersAItechnologyhasthedualpotentialtoeitherpromoteunityamongcountriesorleadtodivisions.Factorsleadingtounity:internationalcooperationandstandardization,sharingtechnologyandknowledge,cross-borderprojectsandresearch,etc.Factorsleadingtodivision:technologicalmonopolyandunfaircompetition,lackoftransparencyandtrust,datasovereigntyandprivacyissues,etc.Suggestionstopromoteglobalunityandcooperation:EstablishaninternationalAIgovernanceframework:CountriesshouldworktogethertoestablishaninclusiveandtransparentinternationalAIgovernanceframeworktoensurethatthedevelopmentandapplicationofAItechnologiescomplywithglobalethicalstandardsandhumanrightsprinciples.Promotetechnologysharingandcapacitybuilding:LeadingtechcompaniesandnationswithadvancedAIcapabilitiesshouldactivelyengageinsharingtechnologyandprovidingassistancetoenhanceAIcapabilitiesaimingtonarrowthetechnologygapacrossdifferentregions.Encouragecross-borderAIresearchcollaboration:Governmentsandinternationalorganizationsshouldencourageandfundcross-borderAIresearchprojects,particularlyinaddressingglobalchallengessuchasclimatechangeandpublichealth,toenhancecooperationandmutualtrustamongnations.researchprojects,particularlyinaddressingglobalchallengessuchasclimatechangeandpublichealth,toenhancecooperationandmutualtrustamongnations.Enhanceeducationandpublicparticipation:IncreasingpublicunderstandingandparticipationinAItechnologiesisessentialtoensurethatcitizenshaveavoiceinAIgovernanceandpolicymaking.Thisinvolvementfostersasenseofglobalsharedresponsibility.embed shapeembed shapeup theotherwayaround endupWordsandphrasesWordsandphrasesCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandphrasesbelow.InAIdevelopment,often :insteadoftechnologyshapingvaluesareincreasinglyshapingthedirectionofAI.companiesneedto theirdataprivacypoliciestoensureuserinformationissecurelyprotectedandethicallymanaged.Inordertofosterresponsibleandunbiasedoutcomes,itisimportantto ethicalconsiderationsintothedevelopmentofAIsystems.strictethicalguidelines,wemight creatingAIsystemsthatactcontrarytohumanvaluesandinterests.theotherwayaroundshapeupembedendupExploring:ReadingBackgroundinformation5Gnetworks5G networks represent the fifth-generation mobile communicationtechnology,offeringsignificantlyfasterdatatransferspeeds,lowerlatency,andincreasedcapacitycomparedtopreviousgenerations.Thistechnologyenablesmoreconnecteddevicesandsupportsthedevelopmentofadvancedapplicationslikeautonomousvehiclesandsmartcities.Virtualreality(VR)PAGEPAGE16Virtualreality(VR)isatechnologythatcreatesasimulatedenvironmentusingcomputertechnology,allowinguserstoexperienceandinteractwithavirtualworld.ByusingVRheadsetsandsensors,userscanentera3-Dvirtualspacewheretheirvisual,auditory,andtactilesensesaresimulatedtoprovidearealisticexperience.VRtechnologyiswidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchasgaming,education,healthcare,andarchitecturaldesign.CloudmanufacturingCloudmanufacturingisaninnovativemanufacturingmodelthatutilizestechnologiessuchascloudcomputing,theInternetofThings(IoT),bigdata,andintelligentmanufacturingtechnologies.Inthismodel,manufacturingresourcesandcapabilitiesaretransformedintoservicesthatcanbeaccessedandutilizedovertheInternet.Cloudmanufacturingsupportscollaborationamongdifferentstakeholders,includingsuppliers,manufacturers,andcustomers,byprovidingasharedplatformforinformationexchangeandprocessintegration.LanguagepointsWeallwantthetechnologyinourlivestofulfillitspromise–tocausedelightratherthandread,tohelpusratherthanharmus.(Para.1)Meaning:Wehopethatthetechnologyweusedailyachieveswhatitsetsouttodo,bringingjoyinsteadoffearandassistingusinsteadofcausingharm.dreadn.[U,sing.]astrongfearofsth.thatisgoingtohappenormayhappen恐惧；害怕Therewasagrowingdreadamongthepassengersaboutthesevereturbulenceforecastedfortheirflight.vt.feelanxiousorworriedaboutsth.thatisgoingtohappenormayhappen畏惧；惧怕；担心Wealldreadthefluseason,deeplyconcernedaboutgettingsickandmissingimportantevents.NotesNotes在本句中，ratherthan用于连接两个并列的成分，表达一种对比或取舍关系，意思是“而不是”、“而非”，用来强调前后两部分之间的区别或选择偏好。同义表达包括insteadof。Toooften,thepatterngoeslikethis:Atechnologyisintroduced,growsrapidly,andpermeatesourlives,andonlythendoessocietybegintoseeandaddressanyproblemsitmightcreate.(Para.1)Meaning:Thereisarecurringissuewhereanewtechnologyisintroduced,quicklygainspopularity,andbecomesasignificantpartofdailylife.Itisonlyafterthiswidespreadadoptionthatsocietytypicallybecomesawareofandstartstodealwithanyproblemsthatthetechnologymightcreate.NotesNotesatechnologyisintroduced,growsrapidly,andpermeatesourlivesandonlythendoessocietybeginto...采用了部分倒装。通常情况下，英文中的正常语序是主语加谓语，但在本句中，由于使用onlydoes被society之前，原本的语序是andsocietyonlythenbeginsto...andonlythendoessocietybeginto...。使用部分倒onlythen这一时间状语，从而突出在那个特定时间点上Imagineifthegrowthoftheautomobilehadgonedifferently,withseatbeltsdeveloped,saferroadwaysbuilt,andbettertrafficlawsimplementedmuchearlier,rightalongwiththeengineinnovationsthatgaveusmorepowerandgreaterspeed.(Para.2)Meaning:Imagineifthedevelopmentoftheautomobilehadtakenadifferentpath,withtheearlyintroductionofseatbelts,theconstructionofsaferroads,andtheimplementationofbettertrafficlaws,allprogressingalongsidetheengineadvancementsthatprovidedincreasedpowerandspeed.NotesNotes通过对比前一句实际上发生的历史（早期汽车发展过程中发生的高事）建设更安全的道路、实施更完善的交通法规），强调了在技术发展过本句使用了排比的修辞，列举了三个方面的改进：withseatbeltsdeveloped、saferroadwaysbuilt和bettertrafficlawsimplemented，使句子节奏感更强，更有说服力。CompaniesshouldlearntoberesponsiblestewardsoftheAItheydeploy,the5Gnetworkstheyhavebeguntobuild,andsomuchmorethat’scomingtowardus,fromquantumcomputingtovirtualreality(VR)toblockchain.(Para.3)Meaning:CompaniesshouldlearntoresponsiblyoverseetheAItheyimplement,the5Gnetworkstheyhavebeguntoconstruct,andalltheotheremergingtechnologiesthatareheadingourway,includingquantumcomputing,virtualreality(VR),andblockchain.Meaningbeyondwords:Thisstatementemphasizesthatcompaniesmustembraceasenseofaccountabilityandproactivemanagementconcerningtheadvancedtechnologiestheyintroduceintosociety.Byreferringtothemas“responsiblestewards”,itimpliesthatcompaniesshouldnotjustcreateorusethesetechnologiesbutalsoensuretheirsafe,ethical,andbeneficialimplementation.stewardn.[C]sb.whoprotectssth.orisresponsibleforit,esp.sth.suchasnature,publicpropertyormoney（）Thecorporatestewardisprimarilyresponsibleformanagingthecompany’sassetsandensuringfinancialstability.amanwhosejobistoservefoodanddrinkstopassengersonaplaneorship（飞机或轮船上的）男乘务员，男服务员Thestewardoffereduscomplimentarydrinksandsnacksduringthelong-haulflighttomakeourjourneymorepleasant.Thestakesarehigh.(Para.3)Meaning:Therisksandpotentialconsequencesaresubstantial.Meaningbeyondwords:Thissentencemeansthatthesituationcarriessignificantrisksandpotentialconsequences.Becausetechnologiesplayacrucialroleindrivingchangeandeconomicgrowth,itisvitalforcompaniestoactethicallyandensuretheirtechnologiesareAnyfailuretodosocouldhaveseriousandfar-reachingimpacts.Whiletheyareincapableofpredictingthefuture,theycanadoptasoundframeworkthatwillhelpthemprepareforandrespondtounexpectedemergentimpacts.(Para.4)Meaning:Althoughtheycannotforeseethefuture,theycanemployarobustframeworkthatwillenablethemtogetreadyforandaddressunforeseenconsequencesastheyarise.incapablea.unabletodosth.无能力的；不会的；不能的Theoldmachinerywasincapableofmeetingthenewproductionstandards,necessitatinganupgradetomoremodernequipment.emergenta.(onlybeforenoun)intheearlystagesofexistenceordevelopmentmajorautomotivecompaniesandtechnologystartups.Technologydevelopmentteamsshouldthinkwithmoreforesightandnuanceabouttherisks–guidedbythosewiththemostrelevantknowledge.(Para.5)Meaning:Technologydevelopmentteamsshouldconsiderriskswithgreateranticipationandsubtleunderstanding,undertheguidanceofthosepossessingthemostrelevantexpertise.nuancen.[C,U]aslightdifferencethatmaybedifficulttonoticebutisfairlyimportant细微差别Understandingthenuancesofculturaldifferencesiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationinadiverseandglobalizedworkplace.Asthetechnologyevolves,VRsimulationsarebecomingsorealisticthatthepossibilityofactualtraumafromavirtualexperiencemightneedtobeaddressed.(Para.6)Meaning:AsVRtechnologyadvancesandbecomesmoretrue-to-life,anewconcernarises:theneedtoaddressthepotentialforuserstoexperienceactualpsychologicaloremotionaldistressfromthesehighlyrealisticvirtualenvironments.Ascompaniespursuethesetechnologies,whichhavethepotentialtodramaticallychangetheskillsetneededonthefactoryfloor,theymightseekconsultationwithlaboreconomistswhocanshedlightonlargerworkforceissues.(Para.7)Meaning:Asbusinessesadoptthesetechnologiesthatcouldsignificantlyaltertherequiredskillsforfactoryworkers,theymayconsultlaboreconomiststogaininsightsintobroaderworkforcechallenges.skillsetn.[C](alsoskillset)arangeofskillsorabilities（Buildingacomprehensiveskillsetdedicationtolearningnewtechnologiesandexistingabilitiesshed/cast/throwlightonsth.makeaproblem,etc.easiertounderstand使（问题等）较容易理解Thesurveyresultsshedlightonconsumerpreferences,helpingbusinessestailortheirproductstobettermeetmarketdemands.Thismightmeanthat,asbusinessesrushtowarda5Gfuturewithagiantleapindataspeedsandubiquitousconnectivity,theyshouldpausetoconsiderandaddressnewprivacyconcerns–perhapswellbeyondthosewearealreadygrapplingwith.(Para.9)Meaning:Thiscouldimplythatasbusinessesrapidlyadvanceintoa5Gfuturewithsignificantlyfasterdataspeedsandpervasiveconnectivity,theyshouldtakeamomenttoidentifyandtackleemergingprivacyissues,whichmaybemorecomplexthanthosewecurrentlyface.NotesNotes本句使用了对比的修辞手法，主要体现在了以下两方面：rushtowarda5Gfuture（5G未来）pausetoconsiderandaddressnewprivacyconcerns（停下来考虑并解决新的隐私问题）进行对比，强调了在技术快速发展的同时，也需要停下来关注隐私问题。newprivacyconcerns（新的隐私问题）thosewearealreadygrapplingwith（我们已经在应对的问题）进行对比，表示新的隐私问题的复杂性或挑战性或许远远超过我们目前所面临的那些问题。Theteamhastoconductresearchandestablishtheguardrailsthatcanminimizerisks.(Para.11)Meaning:Theteamneedstocarryoutresearchandsetupguidelinesthatcanreducerisks.guardrailn.[C]alongmetalbarthatisintendedtopreventcarsorpeoplefromfallingovertheedgeofaroad,boat,orhighstructure（道路、船只或高层建筑的）金属护栏Duringtherenovation,workersinstalledanewguardrailonthebalconytocomplywithupdatedsafetyregulations.NotesNotes单词guardrail（道路、船只或高层建筑的）句中比喻那些用来避免或减少风险的指导原则或保护措施。Whenacompanyiscalledtoaccountforthetechnologyithasdevelopedordeployed,someonecouldendupbeingsummonedtocourtoransweringquestionsfromthemedia.(Para.12)Meaning:Ifacompanyisaskedtoexplainorjustifythetechnologyithascreatedorputintouse,thereisapossibilitythatanindividualfromthecompanymighthavetoappearincourtorfacequestionsfromjournalists.accountforsth.giveanexplanationofsth.解释；说明Theengineerwasaskedtoaccountfortheunexpectedfailureofthenewsystemduringtheproduct’sinitialtestingphase.summonvt.(fml.)ordersbtoappearincourt（）Thelawyerrequestedthecourttosummonadditionalwitnessestosupporttheirclient’sdefensestrategy.ordersbtocometoyou召唤Themanagersummonedalldepartmentheadstohisofficeforanurgentmeetingaboutthenewproject.Morerigorousattentiontosuchnegativeoutcomesisexactlythepoint–andmayimprovethechancesthatnooneeverhastoappearbeforepolicymakersorajudgetoexplainhowapieceoftechnologycameaboutinthefirstplace.(Para.13)Meaning:Payingcloserattentiontothesenegativeoutcomesispreciselythemainpoint,anditmightincreasethelikelihoodthatnoonewilleverneedtoexplaintheoriginsofapieceoftechnologytopolicymakersorajudge.pointn.[C](alsothe~)themainormostimportantideainsth.thatissaidordone重点；要点；核心问题Thepointofthediscussionwastoidentifykeyareasforimprovementinourcustomerserviceapproach.Butthebroaderpointisthattrustandethicsissuescanbemanagedeffectively–aslongastheproperleadershipcommitmentsaremade.(Para.15)Meaning:However,thegeneralviewisthatissuesoftrustandethicscanbedealtwitheffectively,providedthatthereareappropriatecommitmentsmadebyleadership.NotesNotesaslongas是一个表示条件的结构，用来说明在某个特定条件下某事会发生或成立，意思相当于“只要”。在本句中，aslongas引导了一个条件从句theproperleadershipcommitmentsaremade，指出了事件发生的条件，即需要有恰当的领导层承诺。除了aslongas之外，还有其他一些常用的