Unit4ExploringpoetryGrammarUsage讲解课件高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性

Unit4Grammar非谓语动词语法归纳总结todo;v-ing;v-edtodo;v-ing;v-ed在句中可作的成分一.作主语todo

作主语It+be+形容词+forsb

todosthIt+be+形容词+ofsbtodosthIt+be+名词＋todosthIttakes/costssb+sometime

todov-ing

作主语It’snouse/good

doingsthIt’sawasteoftime

doingsth

It’s(not)worth

doingsth

it作形式主语二.作宾语及物动词(vt.)+todo及物动词(vt.)+v-ingadvise建议；aviod避免；enjoy喜欢；escape逃避；finish完成；imagine想象；mind介意；practise练习；risk冒险；suggest建议...hope/wish/want/expect;plan/arrange；agree/promise答应；ask；refuse；decide;choose;fail;pretend...adj.+todo被动形式+todo及物动词短语+v-ing介词+v-ingit作形式宾语eg:Iamhappy

tomeetyou.Hewasasked

tocleantheroom.既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同remember/forgettodo记得/忘记去做doing记得/忘记做了trytodo尝试去做doing试着做了stop/begintodo停止/开始去做doing停止/开始做meantodo打算去做doing意味着做regrettodo后悔去做doing后悔做了can’thelptodo不能帮助做doing情不自禁做三.作表语todo说明主语所指的内容v-ing

主语是物（令人...的）v-ed

主语是人（感到...的）四.作定语todo将要做（被修饰名词有序数词，最高级）v-ing

正在做/主动v-ed

已经做了/被动tobedonebeingdoneeg:1.Heisthebest

man

todothejob.Ihaveameeting

toattendtomorrow.2.Theboy

standingthereismyfriend.3.Manystudentsliketoreadnovels

writteninEnglish.tobedone；

beingdone；done作定语的区别tobedone

表示“即将被做”beingdone表示“正在被做”done表示“已经被做”Themeetingtobeheld

tomorrowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingheld

yesterdayisofgreatimportance.五.作状语todo目的/结果v-ing时间/原因/伴随/结果（主动）

v-ed时间/原因/伴随（被动）

havingdoneonlytodo

竟然...(出乎意料的结果)so/such...astodo

如此...以至于enough+todo

足够...以至于too...todo

太...而不能todoinordertodo

soastodoeg:1.Hearrivedatschool,only

tofindhishomeworknotinhisschoolbag.2.Shewasinthekitchen,preparingthedinner.3.Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.havingdone

作状语表示“主动完成”eg:Havingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadagoodrest.练习：

(struggle)withtheproblemsforhours,Tomfinallywenttohisteacherforhelp.Havingstruggled六.作补语todoexpect/forbid/force/order/ask/request+sb.(宾语)+todo(宾补)

+sb(宾)+(to)do动作的全过程v-ing

+sb(宾)+v-ing动作正在进行v-ed被动see/hear/notice/watch/feeltodo说明宾语的一个动作的整个过程或结果；v-ing说明宾语的动作是主动且正在进行；v-ed表示宾语的动作是被动且已经完成。vt.+sb/sth(宾语)+补语非谓语tododoingdone

非谓语todotobedone

doing

beingdonehavingdone

done

非谓语todo（主动；将来；目的）tobedone

（被动；将来；

目的）doing（主动；进行）

beingdone（被动；进行）havingdone

（主动；完成）done

（被动；完成）注意：非谓语动词在句子中不充当谓语，可以充当其他任意成分：主，宾，

表，

定，

状，

补Romanticismwasaculturalmovementfromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury.Itwasatimewhenmanypaintersmusiciansnovelistsandpoetslookedattheworldinnewanddifferentways.Theaimof

theRomanticswastobreakwiththeidealsofthe18thcentury:theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;instead

theyputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,theloveofnatureandareturntothepast.InEngland

thegreatestachivementsoftheRomanticmovementlayinpoetry,especiallythatofWilliamWordsworthSamuelTaylorColeridge,GeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelley.DuringthattimeEnglandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.

Largefactorieswerebeingbuiltandpeopleweremadetoworklonghours.

Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwithwhatwashappeningintheircountryandtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.Instead

theyadvocated

goingbacktonature.Asaresult

celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetryThepoetsalsowroteaboutindividualfeelingsandbeliefs.

Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,thepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneofthegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.RomanticismwasTheaim;themeDefinitionAimthemerepresentativessignificanceRomanticismwasaculturalmovementfromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury.Itwasatimewhenmanypainters,musicians,novelistsandpoetslookedattheworldinnewanddifferentways.Theaimof

theRomanticswas

tobreak

withtheidealsofthe18thcentury:theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;instead,theyputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,theloveofnatureandareturntothepast.InEngland

thegreatestachivementsoftheRomanticmovementlayinpoetry,especiallythatofWilliamWordsworthSamuelTaylorColeridge,GeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelley.Duringthattime,

Englandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.

Largefactorieswerebeingbuiltandpeopleweremadetowork

longhours.

Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwithwhatwashappeningintheircountryandtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.Instead

theyadvocated

goingbacktonature.Asaresult,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Thepoetsalsowroteaboutindividualfeelingsandbeliefs.

Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,thepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneofthegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.WorkingouttherulesTheto-infinitiveoftenreferstoanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture;theverb-ingform,acontinuingaction;andtheverb-edform,apastaction.Generallyspeaking,theverb-ingformexpressesa(n)___________________(1)(active/passive)meaning,whiletheverb-edformexpressesa(n)(2)________________(active/passive)meaning.Theto-infinitivecanbeusedasthe(3)_______________ofasentence.Theverb-ingformcanbeusedasthe(4)________________ofasentence.Theverb-edformcanbeusedasthe(5)________________ofasentence.*Youcanchoosemorethanoneanswerforeachblank.asubject

cobject

eattributive bpredicative

dcomplement

fadverbial activepassivea,b,e,c,d,fa,b,c,d,e,fb,d,e,fBornin1770,WilliamWordsworthwasoneofthe(1)

_________(lead)poetsoftheRomanticmovementinEngland.(2)

_________(grow)upinthebeautifulLakeDistrict,Wordsworthhadachildhoodthatwasperfectforadevelopingpoet.(3)

__________(educate)atCambridge,Wordsworthreceivedhisdegreein1791.Hespentalotoftime(4)

________(tour)inEurope.leadingGrowingEducatedtouringTra