2024-2025学年辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三上学期10月月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题第一部分听力(共两节)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whenwillthemovieend?A.At8:00.B.At10:00.C.At10:30.【答案】B【原文】M:I’llpickyouuparound7:30.Themoviestartsat8:00W:Thewhataboutthegathering?M:Themovielaststwohours,andthegatheringbeginsat10:302.Whatdoestheclubneed?A.Adrum.B.Aviolin.C.Two

pianos.【答案】C【详解】M:Whatareyouthinkingabout?W:Iwanttojointheschoolmusicclub.Themusicteachersaidmanystudentshadpickedviolinandsheonlyneededtwomorepianos.ButIlikethedrum.3.Whydoesthemanfeelsorryforthewoman?A.Hermotherwasill.B.ShefailedtomeetEmma.C.Shemissedthepicnic.【答案】A【原文】M:That’smyfriendEnmaoverthere.Didn’tyougetachancetomeetheratthepicniclastmonth?W:IwishIcouldhave,butIwastakingcareofmymotherthen.Shewasn’tfeelingwell.M:I’msosorrytohearthat.4.Wheredidthewomanprobablyplayfootball?A.Intheyard.B.Inthepark.C.Inthestreet.【答案】C【原文】W:We’resosorry,uncle.I’veneverthoughtthattheballwouldhitthewindowintheyard.M:Haven’tItoldyounottoplayinthestreet?W:We’rereallysorry.We’llgototheparknightnow.5.What’stheconversationmainlyabout?A.Repairingacar.B.Handlinganaccident.C.Improvingdrivingskills.【答案】B【原文】W:I’mverysorry,sir.I’llpayforthedamages.M:Ihopeyouwilldrivemorecarefullyinthefuture.W:Iwill.Pleasesendmethebillfortherepairsassoonaspossible.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.WhatdoesRonthinkofhiscookingability?A.Basic.B.Creative.C.Expert.7.WhydoesRonprefergrilling?A.Itissimple.B.Itisdoneoutside.C.Itproducestastyfood.【答案】6.A7.C【原文】W:Hi,Ron.Canyoucook?M:Iwouldn’tsayI’machef,butIdocook,Icaneatanything,soIdon’ttryveryhardtomakeittastegood.W:Whatdoyouliketocook?M:Iliketobarbecueoutsideonthegrill.W:Whatdoyouputonyourbarbecue?M:Mostlymeat.Ikeepthespicessimple,justsaltandpepper.It’samazinghowthesebasicflavorscanenhancethetaste,especiallycomparedtosteamingorstewing.W:Thatsoundsgreat,Ican’twaittotryitsometime.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatanimaldoesthewomanprobablyprefer?A.Rabbits.B.Snakes.C.Parrots.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthezoo.B.Inapetshop.C.Inananimalshelter.10.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Gohome.B.Haveaparty.C.Stayhere.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【原文】W:Wow,lookatallthesnakes.M:Yes,somanydifferenttypes,IliketoseethemwhenIcomehere.W:Oh,listen!Icanhearbirdssingingsomewhere.M:Yes.Theyhaveparrotsandotherbirds.W:TheyareallgoodbutIlikesoft,andfurryanimalsthebest.M:Theyhavedogs,cats,rabbitsandothers.W:Great.M:Bytheway,Ihavetobuysomefoodformydoghereandthengohome.W:I’mimpressedwiththeanimalsandwanttohaveagoodlook.M:Absolutely,takeyourtime.Rememberthepartytonight.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.WhatworriesClare?A.Takingacourse.B.Havinganexam.C.Makingnotes.12.Whatistheman’sviewonthenotes?A.Theyarequiteformal.B.Theyareperfectlycomplete.C.Theyareunnecessarilylong.13.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Usesymbols.B.Improvememory.C.Rememberkeyterms.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】M:What’sthematter,Clare?W:I’vegotahistoryexamonFriday,andI’mworriedI’llfailit.M:Why?You’rebrilliantathistory.W:Yes.ButlookattheamountofinformationIneedtoremember.Thesearemynotesfromtoday.M:Thesearen’tnotes!Theselookmorelikeafulltext.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Youdon’tneedtocopyeverythingwordforword.“Notes”shouldbebrief,focusingonkeytermsandconcepts.Youcanconsiderdrawingsymbols,theycanbereallyeffectivememoryaidsandyoudon’tneedtowritesomanywordsW:That’sagreatidea!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.WhathappenedtoLauraintheSouthPole?A.Herfingersgothurt.B.Herglassesbroke.C.Somestoriesfrightenedher.15.WhywasthetriptoAustraliatheworstone?A.Thelaptopwasstolen.B.Theownerfailedhisduty.C.Thepolicewereunprofessional.16.HowdoesLauraspendanormalholiday?A.Byreadingalot.B.Bylearningboatriding.C.Byenjoyingherselfleisurely.17.WhatisLaura’snextplan?A.Goingtoislands.B.Gettingmarried.C.Climbingamountain.【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.A【原文】M:Hi,Laura,welcome!So,youmaketelevisionprogrammesabouttravel.Howoftenareyouawayfromhome?W:Alot,Lastsummer,IwasawayalmosteverySaturdayandSundayforabouttwomonths.M:Whichisthecoldestplaceyou’veevertravelledto?W:TheSouthPole.BeforeIwent,Iheardlotsofbadstoriesaboutpeoplelosingtheirfingersandtoes.Luckily,thatdidn’thappentomebutmyglassesdidbreak!M:Andwhatwasyourworsttrip?W:Oh,Australia.WhenIgotbacktomyhotel,thedoorwasopenandmylaptopwasmissing!Theowneractedveryquickly,tellingmethepolicewouldhandleeverything.Despitetheirbesteffortstoinvestigate,unfortunately,mylaptopwasneverrecoveredM:I’msorrytohearthat.Andyourfavoritetrip?W:Turkey.Idrovetothesea.M:Whatisanormalholidayforyouwhenyouarenotworking?W:Um..Iprefertositbythepoolwithabook,goforawalkinalocalpark,orhaveagentleboatrideonalake.Itisgreatnottobebusy!M:Whereareyougoingnext?W:I’mgoingtoBarbados.Myfriend’sgettingmarriedthere,soI’mgoingtovisitsomeoftheotherislandsinthearea,too,I’dalsolovetogotothemountains,butIwon’thaveanytime.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Wheredidthespeakerusetoliveasachild?A.Inthecity.B.Inavillage.C.Inthetown.19.Whatdoesthespeakerdo?A.Sheisawriter.B.Sheisaneditor.C.Sheisavillageofficial.20.Whydoesthespeakergobacktothetree?A.Todisplayhersuccess.B.Togetinspiration.C.Toshowherregret.【答案】18.B19.A20.B【原文】W:It’sbeenaroundformorethan200years,standingattheentrancetomyvillage.Theoldtreeissobigthatittakestwopeopletohugitproperly.WhenIwasakidheadingtoschoolintown,I’dwalkpastiteveryday,Backthen,Iwastooworriedaboutstayingfedandwarmtothinkmuchofit,itwasjustatree,asordinaryasanyrockonthesideoftheroad.Thenafteryearsofhardstudy,waitingformycollegeletter,Ifoundmyselfstaringatthattree,hopingforgoodnews.Dayspassedwhenitfeltlike,somehow,thistreeandIhadbuiltupthisbond,thisfriendship.Andguesswhat?Thelettercame.WhenIwenttothecityforcollegethatSeptember,walkingpastthattreehitmehard.Ilookedback,andthroughitsbranches,Icouldseemyhome,myfamilywavinggoodbye.FastforwardtowhenIwas21,Iusedtoworkinavillage.ThereweretimesIjustfelttheurgetoseethattreeandmyfamily,soI’dwalkthosethirtykilometersofmountainroads,Andyouknowwhat?AsIgotintowriting,thattreefounditswayintomystories,Iamsuccessful.However,whenIfindmyselfstuckinmywriting,Iwillgobacktoseeit.It’sfortunatehowatreeIoncepassedwithoutasecondthoughthasbecomesuchabigpartofmylife.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AWanttoknowalltheins-and-outsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’vecometotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.OlympicskateboardingWhowillfollowinthefootstepsofMomijiNishiya,thefirstOlympicskateboardingchampion,whowascrownedatthelastGamesattheageof13?TheanswerwillberevealedinParisthissummer.Speed,technique,masteryoftheboardwillberequiredtosuccessfullyperformthemostbeautifultricks.OlympicsportsclimbingWithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀岩)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.OlympicsurfingTheOlympicswillbeheldinParis,butwhataboutOlympicsurfing?Thereisonevenue(场地)thatisliterallyontheothersideoftheworld.ThelocationTeahupoo,ontheislandofTahiti,iswhereOlympicsurfingwilltakeplace.ThisislandispartofFrenchPolynesia,betweenAustraliaandSouthAmerica.OlympicbreakdancingBreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024.Howtoestablishagradingsystemwithouttakingawaytheartisticfreedomatthesametime?Thepointsshouldbebasedoncreativityandmusicality,agrayareathatdependsalotonfeelingandthushasalotofsubjectivitytoit.Lookingforahandylistofallsports?Clickhere!ThroughoutParisthereareallkindsofstadiumsandarenas(竞技场)wheresportingeventsareheld.NotonlyParisitself,butalsothesurroundingsuburbsofthecapitalofFrancesetthestagefortheOlympicGames!21.WhichsportisenteringtheOlympicsforthefirsttimeinParis2024?A.Olympicskateboarding. B.Olympicsportsclimbing.C.Olympicsurfing. D.Olympicbreakdancing.22.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Olympicskateboardingrequiresahighlevelofphysicalstrength.B.ThreebranchesofOlympicsportsclimbingevaluatevarioussidesofskills.C.AlltheabovefourOlympiceventswillbeheldinParis.D.ThescoringofOlympicbreakdancingishighlyobjective.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Asportswebsite. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure. D.AnOlympicnewsreport.【答案】21.D22.B23.A【语篇解读】本文体裁为应用文。文章结构清晰地介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会中新增的几个体育项目，包括奥运滑板、攀岩、冲浪和霹雳舞，提供了每个项目的基本规则、特点及注意事项等信息，旨在为读者提供关于巴黎奥运会的新项目概况。【21题详解】细节理解题。由文章Olympicbreakdancing部分中“BreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024(霹雳舞是新的奥运项目，将在2024年巴黎奥运会上首次亮相。)”可知，奥运霹雳舞将在2024年巴黎奥运会上首次亮相。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。由文章Olympicsportsclimbing部分“WithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀岩)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.(第二次进入奥运会的运动攀岩有三个分支：速度攀岩、抱石攀岩和难度攀岩。速度与攀岩的速度有关。抱石就是在墙上爬一块巨石，而难度攀岩则要求运动员爬一条20米高的高难度路线。)”可知，攀岩运动有三个项目：速度攀岩、抱石攀岩和难度攀岩，分别评估了攀岩速度、技巧和难度等多方面的技能。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Wanttoknowalltheins-and-outsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’vecometotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.(想知道关于2024年巴黎奥运会的所有细节吗？那你来对地方了！下面你会发现所有关于新奥运项目的信息。)”可知，该文主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会中的新项目，包括滑板、攀岩、冲浪和霹雳舞等，提供了这些项目的具体信息。这显然是与体育赛事相关的介绍，因此最有可能来源于一个体育网站。故选A。BEva,theBelgianMalinois,ishomenow,gettingawell-deservedrestsurroundedbynewtoysafternearlydyingwhileprotectingherhumanfromamountainlion.TheattackhappenedonMay16innorthernCaliforniawhen24-year-oldErinWilsonheadeddownapathtowardtheTrinityRiverbeforeshefoundherselfcorneredbyamountainlion.“Iwasjustwalkingdowntheslopewiththedogrunningaheadof’me.Iturnedaroundandtherewasthiscatjustgrowlingatmeanditattackedme,”WilsontoldNPR.“IscreamedforEvaandshecamerunning.”Mountainlionattacksonhumansareincrediblyrare.Since1890,Californiahasrecordedonlysixfatalmountainlionattacksbecauseoftheanimal’sgenerallyshy,reclusive(独处的)nature.Theirpreferredpreyisdeer,whicharenormallyinabundanceintheirforestedhabitat,butrecentdroughtconditionshavemadefoodscarceinsomeareas.Wilsonthoughtthattheseconditionsmadethesuddenappearanceofaslimwomanlooklikeanattractiveoption.Toprotectherhuman,EvaleaptbetweenWilsonandthelion,tacklingthewildcatandembarkedonalife-and-deathstrugglebetweenthetwoanimals.Afterashortfight,themountainliongotitsjawsaroundEva’sheadandWilsonfoughttofreeherdog.hittingthelionwithrocksinanattempttobreakitsgrip.Eventually,WilsonranbacktohertruckandflaggeddownpassingmotoristSharonHoustonFetchinganironbarfromhertruck.WilsonandHoustonranbackdownthetrailandtheircombinedeffortsmanagedtofrightenthebigcatoff.Woundedherselfandshakenbytheexperience,WilsonstillmanagedtocarryEvabacktotheAnimalHospital.The2-year-olddogdidn’tneedsurgery,butherwoundswerestillextensive.EvalefttheanimalhospitalonMay19withsurgicaltapewrappedaroundbothherfrontpaws,andtheveterinariansaidshemightlosesightinherlefteye.24.WhatmadeErinWilsonthetargetofthemountainlion?A.Theabundantdeerintheirforestedhabitat.B.Thelackofpreyduetoextremeconditions.C.Themountainlion’sshyandreclusivenature.D.TheslimandattractiveappearanceofWilson.25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkedon”meaninparagraph4?A.Proceededwith. B.Dawnedon. C.Wrappedup. D.Kickedoff26.HowdidWilsondrivethemountainlionoff?A.Shefreedadogandthrewrocksatitfiercely.B.Shestoppedapassingdriverandbrokeitsgrip.C.Shegatheredlocalpeopleandshoutedloudlyatit.D.Sheusedatoolandscareditawaywithanotherdriver.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeEvaaccordingtothepassage?A.Heroicandloyal. B.Obedientandadorable.C.Friendlyanddependable. D.Courageousandnaughty.【答案】24.B25.D26.D27.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只勇敢的狗Eva在山狮袭击主人时勇敢保护主人的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theirpreferredpreyisdeer,whicharenormallyinabundanceintheirforestedhabitat,butrecentdroughtconditionshavemadefoodscarceinsomeareas.Wilsonthoughtthattheseconditionsmadethesuddenappearanceofaslimwomanlooklikeanattractiveoption.(它们最喜欢的猎物是鹿，通常在它们的森林栖息地有大量的鹿，但最近的干旱使一些地区的食物短缺。Wilson认为，这些条件使得一个突然出现的苗条女人看起来是一个有吸引力的选择。)”可知，ErinWilson认为自己成为山狮的目标是因为最近的干旱使当地鹿极度缺乏。故选B。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Toprotectherhuman,EvaleaptbetweenWilsonandthelion,tacklingthewildcat(Eva跳到了Wilson和狮子之间，抓住了狮子，)”以及空后的“alife-and-deathstrugglebetweenthetwoanimals.(两只动物之间的生死搏斗。)”可推测，两只动物之间开始了生死搏斗。选项A“Proceededwith(继续)”；选项B“Dawnedon(开始理解)”；选项C“Wrappedup(包装)”；选项D“Kickedoff(开始)”。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Afterashortfight,themountainliongotitsjawsaroundEva’sheadandWilsonfoughttofreeherdog.hittingthelionwithrocksinanattempttobreakitsgrip.Eventually,WilsonranbacktohertruckandflaggeddownpassingmotoristSharonHoustonFetchinganironbarfromhertruck.WilsonandHoustonranbackdownthetrailandtheircombinedeffortsmanagedtofrightenthebigcatoff.(经过短暂的搏斗，山狮咬住了Eva的头，Wilson奋力解救了她的狗。用石头砸狮子，试图挣脱它的束缚。最后，Wilson跑回她的卡车，示意路过的司机SharonHouston停下来，从她的卡车上取下一根铁棒。Wilson和Houston沿着小路跑回去，她们的共同努力成功地把这只山狮吓跑了。)”可知，Wilson使用了石头砸狮子，然后从一个过路的司机Houston的车上取下一根铁棒，一起吓跑了山狮。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“WilsontoldNPR.“IscreamedforEvaandshecamerunning.”(Wilson告诉NPR。“我尖叫着喊Eva，她就跑过来了。”)”以及文章第四段“Toprotectherhuman,EvaleaptbetweenWilsonandthelion,tacklingthewildcatandembarkedonalife-and-deathstrugglebetweenthetwoanimals.(为了保护她的主人，Eva跳到了Wilson和狮子之间，抓住了狮子，开始了两只动物之间的生死搏斗。)”可知，Eva忠诚且勇敢。故选A。CWhencaughtintherain,wehaveallrunforcover—oftentoanearbytree.Ontheway,westepovershort-livedpuddlesandhastilyformedstreams,marvelingathowquicklythesoilchangesfromsupportiveandpredictabletountrustworthy:slippery,soft,andspongy.Atfirstchancewetendtoflee,skippingfurtherobservation.Giventhatdirectobservationsareoftenimpracticable,remoteobservationsystemsarecrucialforcapturingphenomenathatarefrequentandunpredictable.However,theBimbachecommunityofElHierroobservedwaterrunningdowntreebarkduringfogeventsandcaptureditforlifeandagriculturein1764.Ifmorecontemporaryhydrologists(水文学家)hadwatchedfogbytrees,forestmanagersmaynothaveloggedtheBullRunWatershed,whichreducedlocalrainfallby30%in1982.Watersciencefacescriticismbecauseofa“technooptimismthattriestosolveallproblems”.Infact,thisissueextendsbeyondwaterscience.AninterdisciplinaryresearchteamledbyJohnT.VanStanfromClevelandStateUniversityarguesthatscientistsshouldgobeyondthelaboratorytodirectlyobserveweatherphenomena.Theresearchersinsistthathands-onobservationofstormeventsiscrucialforcomprehendingthecomplexitiesofwetweather.“Naturalscientistsseemincreasinglycontenttostaydryandrelyonremotesensorsandsamplers,models,andvirtualexperimentstounderstandnaturalsystems.Consequently,wecanmissimportantstormyphenomena,imaginativeinspirations,andopportunitiestobuildintuition—allofwhicharecriticaltoscientificprogress,”saidVanStan’steam.Thistypeof“umbrellascience”,theywarn,canmissimportantlocalizedevents.Forinstance,indescribingrainwater’sflowfromtheforesttreetopstothesoils,theauthorsnotethat“ifseveralbranchesefficientlycaptureandcarrystormwaterstothestem,rainwaterinputstonear-stemsoilscanbemorethan100timesgreater.”Likewise,watervapor(水蒸气)cloudstrappedbeneathforesttreetopcoversmayescaperemotedetection,yetbesensitivetoscientistsontheground.Atthebroaderscale,theseoversightscanaffectGroundEarthsystemsmodels,whichoftenunderestimateforesttreetopwaterstorage.Directobservation,however,hasgonebeyondmakingupfortheshortcomingsof“umbrellascience.”VanStanandcolleaguesseecorevalueinfirsthandstormexperiences—notonlyfornaturalscientists,butalsostudentsstudyingclimatechangeimpactsonecosystems.28.Howdopeopletendtoreacttorain?A.Inadefensivemanner. B.Inascientificmanner.C.Withawait-and-seeattitude. D.Withanobservation-orientedattitude.29.Whyaretheexamplesinparagraph2used?A.Toarguethatdirectobservationsareunachievable.B.Toprovethatdistanceobservationsystemsmakesense.C.Tojustifydirectobservationthatisassumedunworkable.D.Tojokeabouttechnooptimismthatfailstosolveallproblem.30.WhatdoesVanStan’sresearchteamargueintermsofhands-onobservation?A.Itiseffortlessandprecise. B.Itisvirtualandaccepted.C.Itiscomplexyettime-saving. D.Itiscrucialyetoverlooked31.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Thegroundsofstartingtheresearch.B.Thescientificvaluesofconductingtheresearch.C.Thestrengthsoftheresearchforeco-majorlearners.D.Theexpertevaluationsoftheresearchacrossdisciplines.【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了直接观察自然现象的重要性，特别是在水文学领域。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whencaughtintherain,wehaveallrunforcover—oftentoanearbytree.Ontheway,westepovershort-livedpuddlesandhastilyformedstreams,marvelingathowquicklythesoilchangesfromsupportiveandpredictabletountrustworthy:slippery,soft,andspongy.Atfirstchancewetendtoflee,skippingfurtherobservation.(下雨的时候，我们都会跑去躲雨——通常是跑到附近的一棵树上。在路上，我们跨过短暂的水坑和仓促形成的溪流，惊叹于土壤是如何迅速地从支持和可预测变成不可靠的：滑，软，海绵状。一有机会，我们往往会逃跑，跳过进一步的观察。)”可知，面对下雨，人们通常会以防御的方式躲雨。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Giventhatdirectobservationsareoftenimpracticable,remoteobservationsystemsarecrucialforcapturingphenomenathatarefrequentandunpredictable.However,theBimbachecommunityofElHierroobservedwaterrunningdowntreebarkduringfogeventsandcaptureditforlifeandagriculturein1764.Ifmorecontemporaryhydrologists(水文学家)hadwatchedfogbytrees,forestmanagersmaynothaveloggedtheBullRunWatershed,whichreducedlocalrainfallby30%in1982.(鉴于直接观测往往不可行，远程观测系统对于捕捉频繁和不可预测的现象至关重要。然而，ElHierro的Bimbache社区在雾事件期间观察到水从树上流下，并在1764年将其捕获用于生活和农业。如果当时更多的水文学家能观察到树下的雾，森林管理者可能就不会砍伐布尔朗流域的树木了。布尔朗流域在1982年使当地的降雨量减少了30%。)”可知，作者在第二段使用例子是为了告诉读者，为了证明直接观察是不可行的。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“AninterdisciplinaryresearchteamledbyJohnT.VanStanfromClevelandStateUniversityarguesthatscientistsshouldgobeyondthelaboratorytodirectlyobserveweatherphenomena.Theresearchersinsistthathands-onobservationofstormeventsiscrucialforcomprehendingthecomplexitiesofwetweather.(克利夫兰州立大学的JohnT.VanStan领导的一个跨学科研究小组认为，科学家应该走出实验室，直接观察天气现象。研究人员坚持认为，亲自观察风暴事件对于理解潮湿天气的复杂性至关重要。)”以及第四段““Naturalscientistsseemincreasinglycontenttostaydryandrelyonremotesensorsandsamplers,models,andvirtualexperimentstounderstandnaturalsystems.Consequently,wecanmissimportantstormyphenomena,imaginativeinspirations,andopportunitiestobuildintuition—allofwhicharecriticaltoscientificprogress,”saidVanStan’steam.(“自然科学家似乎越来越满足于保持干燥，依靠远程传感器和采样器、模型和虚拟实验来了解自然系统。因此，我们可能会错过重要的风暴现象、富有想象力的灵感和建立直觉的机会——所有这些对科学进步至关重要，”VanStan的团队说。)”可知，VanStan的研究小组认为实际观察对于理解潮湿天气的复杂性至关重要，但是自然科学家似乎越来越满足于保持干燥，依靠远程传感器和采样器、模型和虚拟实验来了解自然系统。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Directobservation,however,hasgonebeyondmakingupfortheshortcomingsof“umbrellascience.”VanStanandcolleaguesseecorevalueinfirsthandstormexperiences—notonlyfornaturalscientists,butalsostudentsstudyingclimatechangeimpactsonecosystems.(然而，直接观察已经超越了弥补“伞科学”的缺陷。VanStan和他的同事看到了第一手风暴经验的核心价值——不仅对自然科学家，而且对研究气候变化对生态系统影响的学生。)”可知，文章作者接下来会谈论第一手风暴经验对于对研究气候变化对生态系统影响的学生和科学家的优势。故选C。DImaginethis.YouneedanimageofaballoonforaworkpresentationandturntoanAItext-to-imagegeneratortocreateasuitableimage.Youentertheprompt(提示词)“redballoonagainstabluesky”butthegeneratorreturnsanimageofanegginstead.What’sgoingon?Thegeneratoryou’reusingmayhavebeen“poisoned”.Whatdoesthismean?Text-to-imagegeneratorsworkbybeingtrainedonlargedatasetsthatincludemillionsorbillionsofimages.Someofthegeneratorshavebeentrainedbyindiscriminatelyscrapingonlineimages,manyofwhichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomanycopyrightinfringement(侵害)caseswhereartistshaveaccusedbigtechcompaniesofstealingandprofitingfromtheirwork.Thisisalsowheretheideaof“poison”comesin.Researcherswhowanttoempowerindividualartistshaverecentlycreatedatoolnamed“Nightshade”tofightbackagainstunauthorisedimagescraping.Thetoolworksbyslightlyalteringanimage’spixels(像素)inawaythatconfusesthecomputervisionsystembutleavestheimageunalteredtoahuman’seyes.IfanorganizationthenscrapesoneoftheseimagestotrainafutureAImodel,itsdatapoolbecomes“poisoned”.Thiscanresultinmistakenlearning,whichmakesthegeneratorreturnunintendedresults.Asinourearlierexample,aballoonmightbecomeanegg.Thehigherthenumberof“poisoned”imagesinthetrainingdata,thegreatertheimpact.BecauseofhowgenerativeAIworks,thedamagefrom“poisoned”imagesalsoaffectsrelatedpromptkeywords.Possibly,toolslikeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionallyupload“poisoned”imagesinordertoconfuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade’sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebigtechcompaniesmorerespectfulofcopyright.Itdoeschallengeacommonbeliefamongcomputerscientiststhatdatafoundonlinecanbeusedforanypurposetheyseefit.Humanrightsactivists,forexample,havebeenconcernedforsometimeabouttheindiscriminateuseofmachinevisioninwidersociety.Thisconcernisparticularlyseriousconcerningfacialrecognition.Thereisaclearconnectionbetweenfacialrecognitioncasesanddatapoisoning,asbothrelatetolargerquestionsaroundtechnologicalgovernance.Itmaybebettertoseedatapoisoningasaninnovativesolutiontothedenialofsomefundamentalhumanrights.32.Theunderlinedword“scraping”(para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.facilitating B.collecting C.damaging D.polishing33.Accordingtothepassage,addingpoisoneddatamight______.A.increasetheaccuracyofreturnedinformationB.leaduserstoforgetthepromptkeywordsC.causetroubletowiththetrainingofgenerativeAID.discriminateagainstgreatmasterpieces34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Datapoisoningissomehowjustifiedtodirectattentiontohumanrights.B.Computerscientistshaslearnedtorespectthecopyrightofmostartists.C.Nightshadeisbeingabusedbyhumanrightsactiviststorecognizefaces.D.Theissueoftechnologicalgovernancehasarousedthelawyers’interest,35.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.DataPoisoning:GovernmentEmpoweringCitizenstoProtectThemselvesB.DataPoisoning:AddressingFacialRecognitionIssuesAmongArtistsC.DataPoisoning:RisksandRewardsofGenerativeAIDataTrainingD.DataPoisoning:RestrictingInnovationorEmpoweringArtists【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种名为“Nightshade”的工具，该工具通过微妙地修改图像的像素来混淆计算机视觉系统，以此对抗未经授权的图像抓取，保护艺术家的版权，同时引发了对数据中毒现象及其对人工智能模型训练影响的讨论。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面的句子“Text-to-imagegeneratorsworkbybeingtrainedonlargedatasetsthatincludemillionsorbillionsofimages.

(文本到图像生成器是通过在包含数百万或数十亿图像的大型数据集上进行训练来工作的。)”可知，生成器是通过对大型数据集进行训练来工作的，这些大型数据集包含着数百万或者数十亿图像，由此推断生成器是通过收集这些数百万或者数十亿图像进行训练来工作的。同时根据第二段划线词后的“…onlineimages,manyofwhichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomanycopyrightinfringement(侵害)caseswhereartistshaveaccusedbigtechcompaniesofstealingandprofitingfromtheirwork.(……在线图片，其中许多可能是受版权保护的，这导致了许多侵犯版权的案件，艺术家们指责大型科技公司窃取他们的作品并从中获利。)”可知，一些生成器是通过不加选择地抓取在线图像来训练的，其中许多图像可能是受版权保护的，由此导致艺术家对大型科技公司进行指责。由此可推理出划线词的含义为“收集”，故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thetoolworksbyslightlyalteringanimage’spixels(像素)inawaythatconfusesthecomputervisionsystembutleavestheimageunalteredtoahuman’seyes.IfanorganizationthenscrapesoneoftheseimagestotrainafutureAImodel,itsdatapoolbecomes“poisoned”.Thiscanresultinmistakenlearning,whichmakesthegeneratorreturnunintendedresults.(该工具通过以人类肉眼无法察觉、但能迷惑计算机视觉系统的方式，对图像的像素进行轻微修改。如果一个组织随后抓取这些图像来训练未来的AI模型，其数据池就会变得“中毒”。这可能导致错误的学习，使得生成器返回非预期的结果。)”可知，添加“中毒”数据可能干扰生成人工智能的训练，故选C项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Possibly,toolslikeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionallyupload“poisoned”imagesinordertoconfuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade’sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebigtechcompaniesmorerespectfulofcopyright.

(可能的是，像Nightshade这样的工具可以被一些用户滥用，故意上传“有毒”图片以混淆AI生成器。但Nightshade的开发者希望这个工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重版权。)”以及最后一段“Humanrightsactivists,forexample,havebeenconcernedforsometimeabouttheindiscriminateuseofmachinevisioninwidersociety.

(例如，人权活动家一直对机器视觉在更广泛社会中的不加选择使用表示关切)”可推理出，数据中毒在某种程度上将人们的注意力引向人权是有道理的，故选