《新编英汉笔译教程》第九章英汉翻译技巧（五）正反翻译法

第九章英翻译技巧（五）正说反译反说正译一、正说反译的应用二、反说正译的应用正说反译、反说正译的应用不论是正说反译还是反说正译，究其原因归纳起来主要是：保证语义明确、加强修饰效果、尊重汉语习惯，保证译文通畅易懂。所谓反面表达，是指英语词句中含有“not”，“never”，“no”，“un-”，“im-”，“ir-”，“in-”，“less-”等否定成分，汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“毋”、“勿”、“非”等否定成份，不含这些成份的为正面表达。（一）正说反译的应用1.谓语动词或动词词组本身表示否定意义，常见的有：Fail,fizzleout,fallshort,befrustrated,escape,elude,slipaway,stop,cease,overlook,ignore,neglect,refuse,grudge（怨恨，不情愿做）,disdain,reject,turndown,forbid,prohibit,excludefrom,bar,ban,expire,beblindto,deny,avoid,omit,forget,preventfrom,liveupto,resist,miss,lack.

Imissedwhatyouhavesaidbecauseofthenoiseoutside.由于外面的噪音，我没听清楚你说的话。Toourdisappointment,hefailedtotaketheoverallsituationintoaccount.使我们失望的是他不顾大局。Suchachancewasdeniedtome.我没有得到这样一个机会。2.介词或介词短语含否定之意，常见的词有：Above,against,below,beneath,beyond,insteadof,outof,without,butfor。Learnhowtobeinsteadofdo.要学习如何做人，而不是做事。Thequestionisabovethefive-yea-oldboy.那个五岁的小孩不懂这个问题。Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见，心不烦。Butforthestorm，weshouldhavearrivedearlier.要是没有遇上暴风雨，我们会早到了。Allinternationaldisputesmustbesettledthroughnegotiationsinsteadofanyarmedconflicts.一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。3、一些固定结构也是形式肯定，意思否定，例如absent(from),freefrom,safefrom,different(from),farfrom,few,little，aliento，anythingbut,knowbetterthan（明白而不至于）,too…to…,ratherthan，awkward(不熟练、不灵活、使用起来不方便)，bad(令人不愉快的，不受欢迎的、不舒服的)，blindto(看不到、不注意)，dead(无生命的、无感觉的、不毛的)，difficult(不容易的)，foreignto(不适于，与……无关)，shortof(不足，不够)，poor(不好的，不幸的)，ignorantof(不懂)

Heknowsbetterthantodosuchathing.他不至于干这样的事。Hisworkisfarfromsatisfactory.他的工作远远不能令人满意。Theproblemisanythingbuteasy.这个问题可决不容易。Heismorebravethanwise.他有勇无谋4.含有if,before,unless，wouldrather的从句或虚拟语气的句子，如:Jumpdownfromtheroofofthebuilding.Ifyoudare.我猜你也不敢从房顶上跳下来。Shewilldieofhungerbeforeshesteals.他宁愿饿死也小愿去偷。IwouldratherdiebeforeIwouldbetraymycountry.我宁可死，也不背叛我的祖国。Thetroopswouldrathertakearoundaboutwaythantreadonthecrops.部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼。5、许多英语习语从正面表达，习惯上却从反面加以翻译，如:Hewasutterlyinthedarkaboutwhathadhappenedinthedepartmentyesterday.他对昨天系里发生的事全然不知。Leavemealone！别管我！Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.宁为鸡头，不做凤尾。（二）反说正译的应用１.双重否定Youcannotmakeomeletteswithoutbreakingeggs.有失才有得/不破不立Wemustneverstoptakinganoptimisticviewoflife.我们对生活要水远抱乐观态度。Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.有志者事竟成。Thereisnoevilwithoutcompensation.恶有恶报。Hecanhardlyopenhismouthwithouttalkingshop.他一开口总是三句话不离本行。２．否定的形式表示肯定的意思Yourarticlewillbepublishedinnotime.你的文章很快就会刊发的。Icouldn'tfeelbetter.我觉得身体好极了。Icouldn'tagreewithyoumore.我太赞成你的看法了。Ifthatisn’twhatIwant！我所要的就是这个呀！Hecan'tseeyouquickenough.他很想尽快和你见面。课后练习：takeFrenchleave不辞而别beyonddispute无可争论frost/Freon-freerefrigerator无霜冰箱

anice-freeharbour不冻港Keepupright切勿倒置Freefromanxiety无忧无虑Freefromarroganceandrashness

不骄不躁。wetPaint！油漆未干！Iwon’tkeepyouwaitinglong.我一会而就回来。

Crewonly!闲人莫入

！NoAdmittance！禁止入内！/谢绝参观！Holdtheline,please！请别挂断！

Begenerouswithyourpraise!不要吝惜对他人的赞扬。Nodeposit（存款,定金）willberefundedunlessticketproduced.凭票退回押金。

Ihavereadyourarticle.Iexpectedtomeetanolderman.拜读了您的大作，没想到您这样年轻。Asthesayinggoes,“Menonlyweepwhendeeplyhurt.”俗话说，“男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”嘛。Thereisnotanyadvantagewithoutdisadvantage有一利必有一弊。

KeepOfftheGrass

请勿践踏草坪Heisthelastmantoacceptabribe.他决不会接受贿赂。Hehasashortmemory.他记性不好。Heyelled“freeze!”他喊到“别动！”

It'stoodarkhereforustoreadthewordsonthisslipofpaper.这里光线太暗了，看不出这个便条上写的字。Thereisnorulethathasnoexception.任何规则都有例外。Opportunityknocksbutonce.机不可失Itneverrainsbutitpours.不下则已，一下倾盆/不鸣则已一鸣惊人.Theseafoodgoesagainstmystomach.海鲜不合我口味。Hisspeechleavesnoroomtoimprovement.他的演讲完美之至。Childrenwereexcludedfromgettinginthebuilding.儿童不许进入这个房间。Asaresult,manypeopleavoidedtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.结果，很多人没有尝试，而这些尝试正是幸福的源泉。Herchildwasinaterriblestateofneglect.她的孩子简直没人管。Thewindowrefusestoopen.窗户打不开。Heisnomorethanapuppet.他只是一个傀儡。Apoormanisnolessacitizenthanarichman.穷人、富人都是人。Nothingismorepreciousthanlife.生命最可贵。Hecan'tbemorecareless.他太粗心了。Don'tlosetimeinpostingthisletter.赶快把这封信寄出去。Biteoffmorethanonecanchew.贪多嚼不烂。Letsleepingdogslie.莫惹事生非。Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。Callaspadeaspade.直言不讳。adoginthemanger占着茅坑不拉屎。That’sallGreektome.这我一窍不通。Themusicislikenothingontheearth.此曲只应天上有。Whenyoucalledonmethismo