专题1 名词考点聚焦和精讲

名词考点聚焦和精讲【中考名词考点聚焦】1.可数名词的单复数；2.不可数名词；3.专有名词；4.名词所有格；5.名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题6.名词的句法作用；一、可数名词的单复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个用单数，两个或两个以上用复数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。可数名词复数形式的构成有规则和不规则变化两种：考点1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→table。.②结尾的词加es。如：class→classes,box→boxes,dish→dishes,bench→benche。.[注]少数以o结尾的词,变复数时加es。如：potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes，hero→heroes,③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,party→parties。④以f或fe结尾的名词,。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives。考点2．名词复数的不规则变化A,元音或词尾发生变化。如：man→,woman→,tooth→,foot→,child→,mouse→等。B.单复数形式相同。如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。C.形式为单数意思为复数。如：people(人们),police(警察)等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如：①一个人apeople(×)；aperson(√)②一名警察apolice(×)；apoliceman/policewoman(√)。D.形式为复数意思为单数。如：physics,mathematics/maths,theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls,news,falls等。E.只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,scissors,compasses等。F.集体名词的数。视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：family,class,team,group等。G.由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen但German不是合成词，故复数形式为。由man,woman作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定，如：amanworker→等。【注意】其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：anappletree→twoappletrees;ashoeshop→twoshoeshops等。H,表示某国人的名词单数变复数遵循以下原则：①中日不变，如：Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese；②英法变，如：Englishman→,Frenchman→；③其余把s加后面，如：American→,German→。二、不可数名词考点3.不可数名词“量”的表达如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：A.表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any,abitof,plentyof等表示，常用来替代。如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney.//Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Isthereanywaterintheglass?//Idon’tlikewinterbecausethere’stoomuchsnowandice.B.不可数名词的数量可借助一个量词来表达，其结构为“数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”，不可数名词的复数，是通过把量词变成复数来表达。如：apieceofpaper/wood/bread/news/meat;abottle/glassoforange/water/milk/juice;acupoftea/coffee;abagofrice等。twopiecesofpaper/wood/bread/news/meat;twobottles/glassesoforange/water/milk/juice;twocupsoftea/coffee;threebagsofrice等。三、专有名词考点4.是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。专有名词大致有以下五类。1.人名：有时与表示称呼、称号或职务的普通名词连用。如：MrandMrsJohnson约翰逊夫妇；Dr.Brown布朗博士；LadyGreen格林女士。2.地名：有些地名常与普通名词连用；有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如：WallStreet华尔街；Room201201房间；Tian’anmenSquare天安门广场；theAtlanticOcean大西洋；theAlps阿尔卑斯山。3.时间名：Sunday星期日；May五月；ChristmasDay圣诞节；NewYear’sDay元旦。4.报刊名：许多报刊名带定冠词。如：TheSaturdayEveningPost《星期六晚邮报》；TheTimes《泰晤士报》。5.单位团体名：单位团体名多含普通名词，有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如：theUnitedNations联合国；ClassOne,GradeSeven七年级一班四、名词的所有格考点5、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：(儿童节),(我姐姐的书)。(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’。如：(教师节)。(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s。如：(今天的报纸),(十分钟的课间休息),(中国的人口)。(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：(党的好女儿)。2、[注]①’s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：(我阿姨家),(诊所)。②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB’s的形式,如：bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)。③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：afriendofmy(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendof(我的一位朋友)。五、名词的句法作用考点6.1.作主语：名词作主语时，谓语动词要在人称和数方面和它的主语一致。如：Agirlisoverthere.2.作宾语：Ihaveacomputer.3.作表语：Myfatherisateacher.4.作定语：Theschoollibrarywasbuiltlastyear.(1)一般情况：名词作定语时要用单数形式。如：anappletree→twoappletrees。(2)特殊情况：man,woman作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定。如：amanworker→twomenworkers,awomandoctor→fourwomendoctors等。(3)sports作定语修饰名词时，总是用复数形式。如：asportsmeeting一次运动会。(4)与数词合成形容词作定语。如：ten-minutewalk,an8-year-oldgirl,aseven-dayholiday。5.作宾补：Tommadehisbrotherakite.6.作同位语：Westudentsmuststudyhard.六、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题考点1、谓语和主语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：演练1.Thecomputeragreatinvention.(计算机是个了不起的发明。)2.Thewaterintheglassverycold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷。)考点2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,ClassThreeaverygoodclass.(三班是好班。)ClassThreeamapofChina.(三班有张中国地图。)考点3、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。演练1.Thereasheepintheyard.(院子里有只绵羊。)2.Therearesomeintheyard.(院子里有一些绵羊。)考点4、maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数，演练Thenewsveryexciting.(这个消息令人兴奋。)考点5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。演练ThetrousersverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(裤子很便宜,我想买。)考点6、alotof后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。演练1.Alotofstudentsplayingbaseballnow.(现在有许多学生在打垒球。)2.Alotoftimewastedonthatwork.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上。)考点7、and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。演练1.Theteacherandhissonpickingapplesnow.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果。)2.Fishandchipsveryfamousfood.(鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品。)考点8、therebe句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。演练Thereatableandfourchairsintheroom.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子。)考点9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：演练BothyouandIrequiredtobeheretomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来。)考点10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。演练Awomanwitha7-year-oldchildstandingatthesideoftheroad.(一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边。)考点11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：演练1.Eitheryouorheright.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的)2.NeitheryounorIgoingthere.(你和我都不打算去那里。)考点12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。演练1.Twomonthsnotashorttime.(两个月不是个短时间。)2.Twothousandkilometersquitealongdistance.(两千千米是相当长的一段距离。)考点13、主语中含有halfof…/(threequarters)of…/all(of)the….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,演练1.OverthreequartersoftheinformationontheInternetinEnglish.(网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的。)2.Athirdofthestudentsplayingnearthelake.(三分之一的学生(当时)正在湖边玩耍。)3.Allofthewaterintheseriversbeenpolluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了。)但是,population一词又有特殊情况：WhatthepopulationofChina?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数)ThreequartersofthepopulationinthiscityArabs.(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人。)(句子用复数)七、名词词义辧析名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一。常用易混名词辨析考点1、sport、game、match、race的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大；game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛；race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：演练1.Peopleallaroundtheworldenjoy.(全世界的人都喜爱运动。)2.The2008OlympicwasheldinBeijing.(2008奥运会在北京举行。)3.Ourschoolfootballteamwontheleague.(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军。)4.Theywerestrongandwontheboat.(他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛。)考点2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；holiday“假日、休息日”,指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。演练1.TheShanghaiTelevisionwillbeheldnextmonth.(上海电视节将在下个月举行。)2.Sundayisaandmostpeopledonotwork.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作。)3.Whatareyougoingtododuringthesummer?(在暑期你打算做什么事情？)考点3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。演练1.HemadeuphismindtomakethetoDunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行。),2.Hehasgoneonawalking.(他步行观光去了。)3.HetookseveraltoShanghailastyeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次。)4.DidyougotoSantiagoduringyour?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？)5.throughthickforestsisdangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的。)考点4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：演练1.Theofthestreetkeptmeawakeinthenight.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠。)2.Allofasuddentherewastheofshotsandacry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫。)3.Thesingerhaslostherringingasaresultofabadcold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音。)演练题组1名词语法填空1.Ifyou'relookingforsomebirthdaygifts,hereismy(suggest).

2.Oneofmy(cousin)wentovertoherhouseandtaughtherhowtouseit.

3.Thewallpaperwithcartoonpatternsisidealformy(son)room.

4.In1920,the(world)firstthree-colortrafficlightwasputtouse.

5.Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecauseofmypoor(pronounce).

6.AChristmasCarolwaswrittentomakeeveryreaderthinkabouthowtheycouldmakea(different)totheirsociety.

7.Byeaddedthatsummercampsareimportanttobothkidsand(parent).

8.Atherfirstconcert,sheplayedinabandwithmany(adult).

9.Hewasoneofthemostcheerful(man)intheworld.

10.I'llbringyoubacksome(present).

11.Thechildrenalsolearnmany(skill)likehowtoliveinthewild.

12.(2018绍兴,46)Howsweetthese(grape)taste!

13.Igavemyspeechinfrontofthewholegrade,promisingmy(classmate)thatiftheychoseme,I'dstartafootballteam.

14.Thenursesinthehospitaltakegoodcareoftheir(patient).

题组2名词拼写1.MisthefifthmonthoftheyearintheWesterncalendar.

2.Asthesayinggoes,“Anaadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”

3.Thesunrisesintheeandsetsinthewest.

4.YuanLongping,the“FatherofHybridRice”,wonmany(奖)forhisriceresearch.

5.Accordingtothelatestcensus(人口普查),Chinahasapof1,411.78million.

6.TraditionalChinese(药)hasbeenplayinganimportantroleintreatingCOVID-19.

7.It'shopedthatall(成员)ofthepublicwillhelptolocatethem—includingyou.

8.“Ancienttreesareasmuchapartofourheritage(遗产)asworksof(艺术),”explainsJeremyEvansoftheWoodlandTrust.

9.Theygothimtothebackofthelineandthreebig(女士)saidtheywouldwatchhimandstophimgoingforward.

10.Sofar,Chinahasbuiltnearly600,000culturalcentersin(村庄).

11.Raquel'sfromtwocountriesandhasexperienceand(知识)oftwocultures.

12.Afewweeksbeforewelefthome,therewasmuch(雨)intheareaweweregoingto.

13.Readingandlisteningtolightmusicaregood(选择).

14.Iplantogoabroadtocelebratemytwentiethbirthdayin(八月).

15.Histeamhadlostthegamebecauseofhim.Hefeltliketherewasaheavywonhisshouldersashewalkedhomealone.

16.MyfriendcameoverlastnighttowatchthevofthefootballmatchthatI'drecorded.

17.LiuChuanjianisconsidereda(英雄)becausehesafelylandedthedamagedplane.

18.Forexample,iftherunnerrunsone(千米),theproviderseachgivetherunner$1forthecharity.

题组3选择题1．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—Howdidyoufixupthemachine,dad?—It’seasy.Ijustfollowedthe________.A．instructions B．inventions C．interviews D．influences2．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）Beforeflyingaplane,a________musttakealotoftraining.A．policeman B．musician C．nurse D．pilot3．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）—Whatgoesup,butnevercomesdown?—Your________,ofcourse.A．age B．wealth C．weight D．temperature4．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Ofallthe________,Ilovesummerbest.A．seasons B．subjects C．colours D．hobbies5．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Mary’sparentsareinterestedin________,sotheyoftentakehertoconcerts.A．sports B．music C．science D．movies6．（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）Nancy,pleasetakeyour________withyoutoschool.It’srainingheavily.A．cup B．watch C．umbrella D．dictionary7．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—MissLi,happyTeachers’Day!Hereisaflowerforyou.—Wow!Thanksforyour________.A．present B．help C．question8．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—Thegirl’sbeautifulpronunciationcaughtour________inyesterday’sEnglishspeechcompetition.—Yes,manystudentscouldn’thelpcheeringforher.A．condition B．attention C．invention D．position9．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）Iwishyoutohavegood________andgetgoodgrades.A．chalk B．space C．luck D．music10．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）JohnSmithoftenlooksthroughthenewsabout_______toknowwhat’soninthecinema.A．films B．music C．books D．weather11．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）Bettyiscrazyaboutmusic.Herdreamistobea________.A．scientist B．painter C．musician D．writer12．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）—Goodnews!TheChinesewomentabletennisteamwonagoldandasilveragain.—Great!Nomatterwhowinsthemedals,itisthe________ofourcountry.A．price B．pioneer C．pride D．pain13．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Whichmoviewouldyouliketowatch,Tracy?—Um…it’shardtomakea________.A．survey B．choice C．call D．wish14．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）Thankstotheteacher’shelp,Isolvedallthe________easily.A．chances B．problems C．habits D．grades15．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）Althoughourschoollifeisalittlebusy,itisfullof________.A．pain B．sadness C．laughter16．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Scientistswhoarefullof________alwayscomeupwithnewideasandbringgreatchangestoourlife.A．instruction B．instrument C．invention D．introduction17．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）LiWeilikesscienceandhisdreamistobea________likeTuYouyou.A．scientist B．singer C．driver18．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Tomalwaysreadsforanhoureveryday.—That’sagood________.A．habit B．dream C．time D．wish19．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）Chinesescientistshavemadegreat________inspacetechnologyrecently.A．information B．progress C．knowledge20.（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Haveyouheardaboutthecar________neartheschool?—Yes.Luckily,noonewasseriouslyhurt.A．accident B．park C．club21．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）Mymotherisa________inZhongshanHospital.Shehassavedmanypeople’slives.A．singer B．doctor C．writer22．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）—Howisthe________today?—It’shot.Youdon’tneedtowearthecoat.A．weather B．traffic C．price23．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—WhatcanyoulearnfromJourneytotheWest?—Ilearnthatweshouldhaveenough_______toovercomethedifficultiesinourlife.A．danger B．success C．courage D．excitement24．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon________Day.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.A．Children’s B．Children C．Child’s25．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—Canyougivemesome________onlearningEnglishwell?―Sure.WatchingEnglishprogramsisagoodway.A．news B．advice C．decisions D．messages26．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）Ataxidriverprevented(阻止)an_________whenhesawacarwithseriousproblemstravellingacrossHuangnan.A．accident B．interview C．advertisement27．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—Whatclubdoyouwanttojoin?—Iwanttojoina________club.Icansinganddance.A．sports B．music C．chess题组4语法选择Itwasthedistrict'ssportsmeet.My1stillhadn'trecovered(痊愈)fromanearlierinjury.IhadquestionedwhetherornotIshouldattendthemeet.ButthereIwas,readyforthe2run.

“Ready...set...”Thegunsoundedandwewereoff.Theother3rushedaheadofme.IfeltashamedasIfellfartherandfartherbehind.

“Hooray!”thecrowdshouted.ItwastheloudestcheerIhadeverheardatameet.Thefirst-place4wastwolaps(圈)aheadofmewhenshecrossedthefinishingline.

“MaybeIshouldgiveup,”IthoughtasIran.However,Ikeptgoing.Duringthelasttwolaps,Iranin5anddecidednottoracenextyear,evenifmyfoothadhealedbythen.

WhenIfinished,Iheardlouder6.Iturnedaroundandsawthattheboyswerepreparingfortheirownrun.“Theymustbecheeringforthe7,”Ithought.

Iwasleavingthemeetwhenseveralgirlscameuptome.“Wow,you'veshownalotof8!”Oneofthemtoldme.“Wewerecheeringforyou.Didyouhearus?”

Ihadhopeagainanddecidedtosticktotherunthenextyear.Irealizedthat9andcouragearen'talwaysmeasured(衡量)inmedalsorvictories,butinthe10weovercome.Thestrongestpeoplearenotalwaysthosewhowin,butthosewhodon'tgiveup,evenwhentheyarelosing.

1.A.foot B.feet C.hands D.hand2.A.3,000meter B.3,000meter's C.3,000-meters D.3,000-meter3.A.girl B.girls C.boy D.boys4.A.runner B.runners C.runner's D.runners'5.A.pain B.pains C.joy D.joys6.A.cheer B.cheers C.noises D.noise7.A.boy B.boys C.girl D.girls8.A.courage B.courages C.success D.successes9.A.failure B.failures C.strength D.strengths10.A.trouble B.troubles C.difficulty D.difficulties题组5短文填空AvideostargetsajobpromotingtourismTamdrinisaSichuanmanatthe1of20.Hebecamefamousunexpectedlyafteraphotographerposteda2ofhimonDouyinin2020.Inthevideo,heworeatraditionalcostumeandsmiledinfrontofthe3.Manynetizenswereattractedbyhisgood4andinnocent(天真无邪的)smile.TheysaidthatTamdrinhad“stars”inhiseyesandthathis5was“angelicandcomforting”.

OnNovember19th,TamdrinpostedhisfirstvideoonhisownDouyinaccount.Heintroducedhiswhite6inbrokenMandarin.Hesaidthathisfavoritehobbywashorseriding.Thevideowasviewedbymorethan14millionpeopleandattractedmorethan1.8millionfollowersinoneday.

Tamdrinhasbeengivena7promotingtourisminSichuanProvince'sLitangCountybyacompany.Hewillgetamonthly8of3,500yuanaswellasinsuranceandsubsidies.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.

名词考点聚焦和精讲【中考名词考点聚焦】1.可数名词的单复数；2.不可数名词；3.专有名词；4.名词所有格；5.名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题6.名词的句法作用；一、可数名词的单复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个用单数，两个或两个以上用复数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。可数名词复数形式的构成有规则和不规则变化两种：考点1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→table。.②s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es。如：class→classes,box→boxes,dish→dishes,bench→benche。.[注]少数以o结尾的词,变复数时加es。如：potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes，hero→heroes,③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,party→parties。④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives。考点2．名词复数的不规则变化A,元音或词尾发生变化。如：man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice等。B.单复数形式相同。如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。C.形式为单数意思为复数。如：people(人们),police(警察)等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如：①一个人apeople(×)；aperson(√)②一名警察apolice(×)；apoliceman/policewoman(√)。D.形式为复数意思为单数。如：physics,mathematics/maths,theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls,news,falls等。E.只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,scissors,compasses等。F.集体名词的数。视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：family,class,team,group等。G.由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans。由man,woman作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定，如：amanworker→twomenworkers等。【注意】其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：anappletree→twoappletrees;ashoeshop→twoshoeshops等。H,表示某国人的名词单数变复数遵循以下原则：①中日不变，如：Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese；②英法变，如：Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen；③其余把s加后面，如：American→Americans,German→Germans。二、不可数名词考点3.不可数名词“量”的表达如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：A.表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any,abitof,plentyof等表示，常用来替代。如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney.//Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Isthereanywaterintheglass?//Idon’tlikewinterbecausethere’stoomuchsnowandice.B.不可数名词的数量可借助一个量词来表达，其结构为“数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”，不可数名词的复数，是通过把量词变成复数来表达。如：apieceofpaper/wood/bread/news/meat;abottle/glassoforange/water/milk/juice;acupoftea/coffee;abagofrice等。twopiecesofpaper/wood/bread/news/meat;twobottles/glassesoforange/water/milk/juice;twocupsoftea/coffee;threebagsofrice等。三、专有名词考点4.是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。专有名词大致有以下五类。1.人名：有时与表示称呼、称号或职务的普通名词连用。如：MrandMrsJohnson约翰逊夫妇；Dr.Brown布朗博士；LadyGreen格林女士。2.地名：有些地名常与普通名词连用；有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如：WallStreet华尔街；Room201201房间；Tian’anmenSquare天安门广场；theAtlanticOcean大西洋；theAlps阿尔卑斯山。3.时间名：Sunday星期日；May五月；ChristmasDay圣诞节；NewYear’sDay元旦。4.报刊名：许多报刊名带定冠词。如：TheSaturdayEveningPost《星期六晚邮报》；TheTimes《泰晤士报》。5.单位团体名：单位团体名多含普通名词，有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如：theUnitedNations联合国；ClassOne,GradeSeven七年级一班四、名词的所有格考点5、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’sDay(儿童节),mysister’sbook(我姐姐的书)。(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教师节)。(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s。如：today’snewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutes’break(十分钟的课间休息),China’spopulation(中国的人口)。(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿)。2、[注]①’s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：myaunt’s(我阿姨家),thedoctor’s(诊所)。②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB’s的形式,如：LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)。③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：afriendofmyfather’s(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)。五、名词的句法作用考点6.1.作主语：名词作主语时，谓语动词要在人称和数方面和它的主语一致。如：Agirlisoverthere.2.作宾语：Ihaveacomputer.3.作表语：Myfatherisateacher.4.作定语：Theschoollibrarywasbuiltlastyear.(1)一般情况：名词作定语时要用单数形式。如：anappletree→twoappletrees。(2)特殊情况：man,woman作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定。如：amanworker→twomenworkers,awomandoctor→fourwomendoctors等。(3)sports作定语修饰名词时，总是用复数形式。如：asportsmeeting一次运动会。(4)与数词合成形容词作定语。如：ten-minutewalk,an8-year-oldgirl,aseven-dayholiday。5.作宾补：Tommadehisbrotherakite.6.作同位语：Westudentsmuststudyhard.六、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题考点1、谓语和主语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：演练1.Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.(计算机是个了不起的发明。)2.Thewaterintheglassisverycold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷。)考点2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.(三班是好班。)ClassThreehaveamapofChina.(三班有张中国地图。)考点3、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。演练1.Thereisasheepintheyard.(院子里有只绵羊。)2.Therearesomesheepintheyard.(院子里有一些绵羊。)考点4、maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数，演练Thenewsisveryexciting.(这个消息令人兴奋。)考点5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。演练ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(裤子很便宜,我想买。)考点6、alotof后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。演练1.Alotofstudentsareplayingbaseballnow.(现在有许多学生在打垒球。)2.Alotoftimewaswastedonthatwork.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上。)考点7、and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。演练1.Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果。)2.Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.(鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品。)考点8、therebe句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。演练Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子。)考点9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：演练BothyouandIarerequiredtobeheretomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来。)考点10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。演练Awomanwitha7-year-oldchildwasstandingatthesideoftheroad.(一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边。)考点11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：演练1.Eitheryouorheisright.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的)2.NeitheryounorIamgoingthere.(你和我都不打算去那里。)考点12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。演练1.Twomonthsisnotashorttime.(两个月不是个短时间。)2.Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance.(两千千米是相当长的一段距离。)考点13、主语中含有halfof…/(threequarters)of…/all(of)the….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,演练1.OverthreequartersoftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish.(网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的。)2.Athirdofthestudentswereplayingnearthelake.(三分之一的学生(当时)正在湖边玩耍。)3.Allofthewaterintheserivershasbeenpolluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了。)但是,population一词又有特殊情况：What’sthepopulationofChina?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数)ThreequartersofthepopulationinthiscityareArabs.(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人。)(句子用复数)七、名词词义辧析名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一。常用易混名词辨析考点1、sport、game、match、race的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大；game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛；race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：演练1.Peopleallaroundtheworldenjoysports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动。)2.The2008OlympicGameswasheldinBeijing.(2008奥运会在北京举行。)3.Ourschoolfootballteamwontheleaguematch.(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军。)4.Theywerestrongandwontheboatrace.(他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛。)考点2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；holiday“假日、休息日”,指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。演练1.TheShanghaiTelevisionFestivalwillbeheldnextmonth.(上海电视节将在下个月举行。)2.Sundayisaholidayandmostpeopledonotwork.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作。)3.Whatareyougoingtododuringthesummervacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情？)考点3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。演练1.HemadeuphismindtomakethejourneytoDunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行。),2.Hehasgoneonawalkingtour.(他步行观光去了。)3.HetookseveraltripstoShanghailastyeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次。)4.DidyougotoSantiagoduringyourtravels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？)5.Travellingthroughthickforestsisdangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的。)考点4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：演练1.Thenoiseofthestreetkeptmeawakeinthenight.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠。)2.Allofasuddentherewasthesoundofshotsandacry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫。)3.Thesingerhaslostherringingvoiceasaresultofabadcold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音。)演练题组1名词语法填空1.Ifyou'relookingforsomebirthdaygifts,hereismy(suggest).

答案suggestion在形容词性物主代词my之后,应使用名词形式。根据设空处前的is可知填单数形式。故答案是suggestion。2.Oneofmy(cousin)wentovertoherhouseandtaughtherhowtouseit.

答案cousinsoneof+可数名词复数,故填cousins。3.Thewallpaperwithcartoonpatternsisidealformy(son)room.

答案son's设空处与后面名词是所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故答案为son's。4.In1920,the(world)firstthree-colortrafficlightwasputtouse.

答案world's本题考查名词所有格。根据句子内容可知说的是“世界上的第一个”,故填world's。5.Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecauseofmypoor(pronounce).

答案pronunciation形容词性物主代词my和形容词poor修饰名词,故填pronunciation。mypoorpronunciation我糟糕的发音。6.AChristmasCarolwaswrittentomakeeveryreaderthinkabouthowtheycouldmakea(different)totheirsociety.

答案differencemakeadifference意为“有影响”,故填difference。7.Byeaddedthatsummercampsareimportanttobothkidsand(parent).

答案parents句意:Bye补充说夏令营对孩子们和父母们都很重要。考查名词的数。由关键词kids可知应用复数形式。8.Atherfirstconcert,sheplayedinabandwithmany(adult).

答案adults句意:在她第一次音乐会上,她和许多成年人一起在乐队中表演。考查名词的数。由关键词many可知设空处用复数形式。9.Hewasoneofthemostcheerful(man)intheworld.

答案men句意:他是世界上最快乐的人之一。考查名词的数。由oneof可知设空处用复数形式。10.I'llbringyoubacksome(present).

答案presents句意:我会给你带回来一些礼物。本题考查名词的数。present是可数名词,由设空处前的some可知应使用复数形式。11.Thechildrenalsolearnmany(skill)likehowtoliveinthewild.

答案skills句意:孩子们也学习了许多技能,例如如何在野外生存。本题考查名词的数。设空处前的many修饰可数名词复数。12.(2018绍兴,46)Howsweetthese(grape)taste!

答案grapes句意:这些葡萄尝起来是多么甜啊!设空处前是指示代词these,因此设空处要使用名词的复数形式。13.Igavemyspeechinfrontofthewholegrade,promisingmy(classmate)thatiftheychoseme,I'dstartafootballteam.

答案classmates句意:我在全年级面前发表了演讲,向我的同学们保证如果他们选择我,我会建立一支足球队。本题考查名词的数。由题干中的they可知设空处使用复数形式。14.Thenursesinthehospitaltakegoodcareoftheir(patient).

答案patients句意:医院的护士们把他们的病人照顾得很好。本题考查名词的数。设空处为可数名词,因此用复数形式。题组2名词拼写1.MisthefifthmonthoftheyearintheWesterncalendar.

答案May根据常识可知,五月在西方日历中是一年中的第五个月,故答案是May。2.Asthesayinggoes,“Anaadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”

答案apple句意:俗话说:“一天一苹果,医生远离我。”根据俗语句意和常识可知答案是apple。3.Thesunrisesintheeandsetsinthewest.

答案east句意:太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。根据题意可知答案是east。4.YuanLongping,the“FatherofHybridRice”,wonmany(奖)forhisriceresearch.

答案prizes由many可知,此空填可数名词复数。5.Accordingtothelatestcensus(人口普查),Chinahasapof1,411.78million.

答案population根据“人口普查”可知设空处表示“人口”,故填population。6.TraditionalChinese(药)hasbeenplayinganimportantroleintreatingCOVID-19.

答案medicine由汉语提示和has可知,此空填medicine。7.It'shopedthatall(成员)ofthepublicwillhelptolocatethem—includingyou.

答案membersall后面接名词复数,结合汉语提示,故填members。8.“Ancienttreesareasmuchapartofourheritage(遗产)asworksof(艺术),”explainsJeremyEvansoftheWoodlandTrust.

答案artworksofart意为“艺术品”。9.Theygothimtothebackofth