2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars课时作业3含解析新人教版必修3

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars课时作业15Ⅰ.阅读词汇检测阅读下列句子，写出黑体词或词组的含义。1．Anythingwithstronggravityattractsotherthingstoit.含义______________________2．—WheredidtheplanecrashlastSunday?—IntheIndianOcean.含义______________________3．Afterfinishingthework,allofusfeltexhausted.含义______________________4．Ifyoukeeppracticing,youwillgetthehangofit.含义______________________5．Thisfactdidnotlessenhersenseofachievement(成就)．含义______________________答案1．重力/万有引力2.坠毁3.力倦神疲的4．熟识/驾驭/理解5.削减Ⅱ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空nowthat,breakout,morethan,watchout,blockout,getthehangof,dieout,makeup,begin...with,cheerup1．Thespeaker________hisspeech________hisself­introductionyesterday.2．________________Billhasalongholiday,hecangoabroadtohaveatrip.3．Youlooksad.________________！Everythingwillbeallrightsoon.4．Thatguywasadangerousperson.Youshould________________forhim.5．Assoonastheprofessorfinishedhislecture,thunderousapplause________________.6．Theheavysmokefromthebigfireisrisingintothesky,________________thesunlight.7．Scientistspredictabouttwothousandspecieswillprobably________________inacentury.8．Pressthebuttonwhenthelightgoeson—youwillsoon________________it.9．Thefarmersfromvillages________________about15percentofthecity'stotalpopulation.10．Heis________________agoodteacher,butaclosefriendtousall.答案1．began;with2.Nowthat3.Cheerup4.watchout5．brokeout6.blockingout7.dieout8.getthehangof9．makeup10.morethanⅢ.同义句改写1．Ibelievethatallthepeopleintheworldwantapeacefulworld.________________________isthatallthepeopleintheworldwantapeacefulworld.2．Ihaveexplaineditthreetimes,butheistoostupidtounderstandsuchatruth.Ihaveexplaineditthreetimes,butheis________________________hecan'tunderstandsuchatruth.3．Sinceyouhavegotsuchagoodchance,youshouldmakefulluseofit.________________youhavegotsuchagoodchance,youshouldmakefulluseofit.4．Thisweekitisyourturntodothehousework.Thisweekyoudothehousework________________________.5．Asweallknow,smokingdoesharmtoourhealth.Asweallknow,smoking________________________ourhealth.答案1．WhatIbelieve2.sostupidthat3.Nowthat4．inyourturn5.isharmfultoⅣ.完成句子1．我把这个好消息告知了她，想使她兴奋起来。Itried__________________________bytellingherthegoodnews.2．有些叶子漂移在水面上。Thereweresomeleaves________________________.3．到了接受教化的年龄了，她被送到了当地一所学校。__________________________，shewassenttoalocalschool.4．有一座难看的大楼把窗外的景色拦住了。Thereisanuglybuilding__________________________theviewoutsidethewindow.5．在回家的路上他望见一辆汽车撞到了墙上。Onthewayhomehe__________________________.6．狗拉雪橇在北极地区很常见。Sleds__________________________areincommonuseintheArctic.7．被大火烧毁的房子被重建了。Thehouse__________________________wasrebuilt.8．既然已完成了工作，你就应当好好休息一下。Yououghttohaveagoodrest________________________.9．在亲密留意那个戴黑帽子的高个子男人时，他发觉了另外一个嫌疑犯。While__________________________thetallmaninablackhat,hefoundanothersuspect.10．这两个国家之间的不同见解导致了斗争的爆发。Thedisagreementbetweenthetwocountriesledto_____________.答案1．tocheerherup2．floating/whichfloatedonthewater3．Oldenoughtoreceiveeducation4．blockingout/whichblocksout5．sawacarcrashintoawall6．pulledbydogs7．(whichhasbeen)pulleddownbyfire8．nowthatyou'vefinishedthework9．watchingoutfor10．thewarbreakingoutⅠ.阅读理解Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions(太空飞行任务)oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimeisoftenusedtofinishtheday'swork.ThistypeofscheduleisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.Theyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsontheearthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamiliesandfriendsbye­mail,Internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferencing.Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit,therearemanyfamiliaractivitiesthattheycanstillenjoy.Beforeamission,thefamilyandfriendsofeachISScrewmemberputtogetheracollectionoffamilyphotos,messages,videosandreadingmaterialfortheastronauttolookatwhenhewillbefloating370kilometresabovetheearth.Duringtheirmission,astronautsalsoreceivecarepackageswithCDs,books,magazines,photosandletters.Andfromearly2010,theInternetbecameavailableontheISS,givingastronautsthechancetodosome“websurfing(冲浪)”intheirpersonaltime.Besidesrelaxingwiththesemorecommonentertainments,astronautscansimplyenjoytheexperienceoflivinginspace.Manyastronautssaythatoneofthemostrelaxingthingstodoinspaceistolookoutthewindowandstareattheuniverseandtheearth.BoththeshuttleandtheISScircletheplanetseveraltimeseachday,andeverymomentoffersanewviewoftheearth'svastlandmassandoceans.1．Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Find.B．Copy.C．Change.D．Lose.2．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefamiliesoftheastronautsontheISS?A．Theyarecaringandthoughtful.B．Theyareworriedandupset.C．Theyareimpatientandannoyed.D．Theyareexcitedandcurious.3．Inthefinalparagraph,theauthorshowsthatastronauts________.A．getmorepleasureinspacethanontheearthB．findlivinginspaceabitboringandtiringC．regardspacelifeascommonD．lovetoseetheearthfromspace4．Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowastronauts________.A．workforlongmissionsinspaceB．connectwithpeopleontheearthC．observetheearthfromspaceD．spendtheirfreetimeinspace答案与解析宇航员的生活往往是别出心裁的，但是宇航员在国际空间站的生活可以跟他们在地球上的生活相像。他们可以与家人或者挚友联系，也可以进行一些日常活动。1．B词义揣测题。由第一段中的“Theyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysoff...”可知，他们在尽量仿照在地球上的生活习惯，因此答案为B。2．A推理推断题。由其次段可知在飞行前，这些宇航员的家人以及挚友为他们打算了照片、书籍等供他们消遣的东西，因此这些家人和挚友很爱护并且想法很周全。文章没有讲解并描述宇航员的家人或者挚友对于这些宇航员工作的担忧与心烦，或者不耐性与心烦，或者兴奋与新奇，因此可以解除B、C、D。3．D推理推断题。从最终一段可知，这些宇航员喜爱从窗口看宇宙和地球，并且地球在不同的时间呈现出不同的画面。4．D主旨大意题。全文主要讲解并描述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过闲暇时间的。B、C有肯定的干扰性。文章提到了宇航员与地面上的家人和挚友联系，也提到了他们透过窗户看地球，但是这些都是细微环节，不是主题。Ⅱ.语法填空Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.__1__waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder__2__hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour­dayjourney,theyoungman__3__(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smile__4__(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome__5__ahappyheart.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet__6__studenttastethewater.Hespititout,__7__(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike__8__？”T