湖北汽车工业学院科技学院《英语国家概况》2021-2022学年第一学期期末试卷

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《英语国家概况》2021-2022学年第一学期期末试卷题号一二三四五六总分得分第一部分（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）1、Asisknowntoall,_______openingceremonyofthe16thAsianGamesheldonNovember12thinGuangzhouwas_______greatsuccess.A．/;aB．the;aC．the;/D．a;/2、Nearlyalleducatorsbelievethatachallengingsituationcanoften______thebestqualitiesofaperson.A．cheerup B．takeoverC．bringout D．putaway3、Muchtomy______,myvocabularyhasexpandedagreatdeal.A．delighting B．delighted C．delight4、—Howdiditcomethatyoudamagedyourcarsobadly?—I____intoatreeontheroadsidetheotherday.A．ran B．hadrun C．wasrunning D．run5、Notuntiltheyleftschool________howmuchtheirteacherslovedthemandhelpedthem.A．theyrealized B．didtheyrealizedC．thewouldrealized D．hadtheyrealized6、CouldIspeakto__________isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?A．who B．whatC．whoever D．whatever7、—OK，here___________.—Thankyouforyourlift.Seeyoulater.A．areweB．isitC．weareD．comesit8、Thepurposeofhertalkingtomelastnightactually_______this:ThatIshallnevertrusthimanymoreinfuture.A．comesround B．comesout C．comeson D．comesto9、—Irisisalwayskindand________tothesufferingofothers.—Nowondershechoosestobeareliefworker.A．allergicB．immuneC．relevantD．sensitive10、Thenewmovie________tobeoneofthebiggestmoney-makersofalltime.A．pretends B．agrees C．promises D．declines第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AToerrishuman.Societyissufferingfromaninabilitytoacknowledgeasmuch.Forindividuals,errorsarepainful.Thetrick,then,istoerrwell:torecognizemistakesandlearnfromthem.Worryingly,humanitymaybegettingworseatadmittingitsmistakes.Fewenjoythefeelingofbeingcaughtoutinanerror.Butrealtroublestartswhenthedesiretoavoidapunishmentleadstoarefusaltodealwithcontraryevidence.Economistsoftenassumethatpeoplearesensible.Whenfacedwithanewfact,thesepeopleshouldupdatetheirviewoftheworldtotakebetterdecisionsinfuture.Yetyearsofeconomicresearchconfirmsthatpeoplefrequentlydisregardinformationthatconflictswiththeirviewoftheworld.Whyshouldthatbe?LastyearRolandBenabou,ofPrinceton,presentedaframeworkforthinkingabouttheproblem.Inmanyways,beliefsarelikeothereconomicgoods.Peoplespendtimeandresourcesbuildingthem,andgetvaluefromthem:somebeliefsmakeownersfeelgoodandshowtheirpublicidentity;otherbeliefsprovidevaluebyshapingbehavior—forexample,religiousasceticism(禁欲主义)canhelponeavoidunhealthyhabits.Becausebeliefs,however,arenotsimplytoolsformakinggooddecisions,butaretreasuredintheirownright,newinformationthatchallengesthemisunwelcome.Peopleoftenengagein“motivatedreasoning”tomanagesuchchallenges.MrBenabouclassifiesthisintothreecategories.“Strategicignorance”iswhenabelieveravoidsinformationofferingconflictingevidence.In“realitydenial”，troublingevidenceisrationalized(合理化)：realestateinvestorsmightmakeupfancifultheoriesforwhypricesshouldbehaveunusually,andsupportersofadisgracedpoliticianmightclaimthenegativenewstobefake.Andlastly,in“self­signalling”，thebelievercreateshisowntoolstointerpretthefactsinthewayhewants:anunhealthyperson,forexample,mightdecidethatgoingforadailyrunprovesheiswell.“Motivatedreasoning”isacognitivebias(偏见).Notalltheerrorsitleadstoarecostly:praisingtheperformanceofone'ssupportedfootballteamdespitecontradictoryevidencedoeslittleharm.Butwhenbiasesarebroadlyshared—withinfinancialworldorpoliticalparties—dangerarises.Motivatedreasoninghelpsexplainwhyviewpointspolarize(两极分化)evenasinformationismoreeasilyavailablethaneverbefore.WorkbyMrBenabousuggeststhatgroupthinkishighestwhenpeoplewithingroupsfaceasharedfate:whenchoosingtobreakfromagroupisunlikelytospareanindividualthecostsofthegroup'serrorsorbringmuchindividualbenefit.Theincentive(动力)toengageinmotivatedreasoningishighasaresult.Evenasthefactonaparticularissueisobvious,partiescanstillbecomeincreasinglypolarized.That,inturn,canmakeitharderstillforamemberofonepartytogetanybenefitfrombreakingfromagroup.Indeed,thegrouphasanincentivetosilenceindependentvoices.Publicstatementsofregretareriskyinarigidlypolarizedworld.Admissionsoferrorcannotonlyannoypartnersbutalsoprovideopportunitiesforopponents.Butitisrarelyintheinterestofthoseintherighttopretendthattheyareneverwrong.1、Accordingtothepassage,beliefsaresimilartoeconomicgoodsinthat________．A．bothareentertainingandvaluableB．bothcanbeshapedbyreligiousfaithC．bothcanreflectwhotheownersareD．bothpromotereligiousdevelopment2、Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof“self­signalling”？A．Afanspeakshighlyofhisteamalthoughithasjustlostthegame.B．Amancovershisearswhenstealingabell,believingthebellwon'tring.C．SupportersofTrumpbelievethenewsabouthisaffairswithaladyisfake.D．SuspectedAIDScarriersrefusetobetestedthoughitcanbedoneforfree.3、WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs6and7?A．Polarizationcausesindividualstobreakfromthegroup.B．Richersourcesofinformationdecreasemotivatedreasoning.C．Individualswithindependentvoicesaredismissedfromthegroup.D．Individualsinagroupengageinmotivatedreasoningfortheirowninterests.4、Whichofthefollowingopinionsmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Denyingerrorsisunavoidable.B．Failuretoadmiterrorsisharmful.C．Humansaregettingbetteraterringwell.D．Wisepeopleignorecontraryworldviews.BTheworld’sinsectsaregoingdownthepathofextinction，threateninga“catastrophiccollapseofnature’secosystems”，accordingtothefirstglobalscientificreview．Morethan40％ofinsectspeciesaredecliningandthirdareendangered，theanalysisfound．Therateofextinctioniseighttimesfasterthanthatofmammals，birdsandreptiles．“Itshouldbeofhugeconcerntoallofus，forinsectsareattheheartofeveryfoodweb．Theypollinate(授粉)thelargemajorityofplantspecies，keepthesoilhealthy，recyclenutrients，controlpests，andmuchmore．Lovethemor1oathethem，wehumanscannotsurvivewithoutinsects，”saidProfDaveGoulsonattheUniversityofSussexintheUK．Theanalysis，publishedinthejournalBiologicalConservation，saysintensive(集约型)agricultureisthemaindriverofthedeclines，particularlytheheavyuseofpesticides．Urbanisationandclimatechangearealsosignificantfactors．“Ifinsectspecieslossescannotbestopped，thiswillhavecatastrophicconsequencesforboththeplanet’secosystemsandforthesurvivalofmankind．Itisveryrapid．In10yearsyouwillhaveaquarterless，in50yearsonlyhalfleftandin100yearsyouwillhavenone，”saidreviewauthorFranciscoSánchez-Bayo，attheUniversityofSydney，Australia．Oneofthebiggestimpactsofinsectlossisonmanybirds，reptiles，amphibiansandfishthateatinsects．“Ifthisfoodsourceistakenaway，alltheseanimalsstarvetodeath，”hesaid．SucheffectshavealreadybeenseeninPuertoRico，wherearecentstudyrevealeda98％fallingroundinsectsover2years．MattShardlow，attheconservationcharityBuglife，said：“Itisthoughtfultoseethisevidencethatshowsthepitifulstateoftheworld’sinsectpopulations．Itisincreasinglyobviousthattheplanet’secologyisbreakingandthereisaneedforastrongandglobalefforttopreventandchangetheseterribletrends．”1、Whyarepeopleworriedabouttheinsectdecline?A．Theyarevitaltoecosystems． B．Theyprovidefoodforpests．C．Theypollinateallplants． D．Theyenrichthesoil．2、Whatisthemaincauseofinsectlosses?A．Moreandmoretrees． B．Restrictionsonpesticides．C．Upgradingagriculture． D．Friendlyenvironment．3、Wherecanyoufindtheexacttimeofinsectlosses?A．Inparagraph1． B．Inparagraph2．C．Inparagraph3． D．Inparagraph4．4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HumanscansurvivethepunishmentofnatureB．Insectdecliningisbreakingnature’secosystemsC．Nature’secosystemsareinfluencedbyhumansD．InsectsandanimalsaredyingoutinPuertoRico第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．Whenitcomestosmarteatingforyourheart,stopthinkingaboutshort-termfixes(困境)andsimplifyyourlifewithastraightforwardapproachthatwillserveyouwellforyearstocome.Smarteatinggoesbeyondanalyzingeverybiteoffoodyoulift1yourmouth."Inthepastweusedtobelievethat2amountsofindividualnutrientswerethe3togoodhealth,"saysLindaVanHorn,chairoftheAmericanHeartAssociation'sNutritionCommittee."Butnowwehavea4understandingofhealthyeatingandthekindsoffoodnecessaryto5notonlyheartdiseasebutdisease6general,"sheadds.Scientistsnow7onthebroaderpictureofthebalanceoffoodeaten8severaldaysoraweek9onthenumberofmilligramsofthisorthat10ateachmeal.Fruits,vegetablesandwholegrains,forexample,providenutrientsandplant-basedcompounds11forgoodhealth."Themorewelearn,themore12wearebythewealthofessentialsubstancesthey13,"VanHorncontinues,"and14theyinteractwitheachothertokeepushealthy."You'llautomaticallybe15therightheart-healthytrackifvegetables,fruitsandwholegrains16threequartersofthefoodonyourdinnerplate.17intherestaurantonequarterwithleanmeatorchicken,fishoreggs.Thefoodsyouchoosetoeataswellasthoseyouchooseto18clearlycontributetoyourwell-being.Withouta19,eachofthesmalldecisionsyoumakeinthisrealmcanmakeabig20onyourhealthintheyearstocome.1、A．insideB．throughC．toD．between2、A．seriousB．specificC．splendidD．separate3、A．keyB．pointC．leadD．center4、A．strictB．naturalC．typicalD．different5、A．rescueB．preventC．forbidD．offend6、A．uponB．inC．forD．by7、A．focusB．putC．turnD．carry8、A．withB．alongC．overD．beyond9、A．otherthanB．betterthanC．morethanD．ratherthan10、A．conveyedB．consumedC．enteredD．exhausted11、A．vitalB．initialC．validD．radical12、A．disturbedB．depressedC．amazedD．amused13、A．retainB．containC．attainD．maintain14、A．whoB．howC．whatD．where15、A．atB．ofC．onD．within16、A．makeoutB．makeintoC．makeupD．makeoff17、A．EngageB．FillC．InsertD．Pack18、A．avoidB．hinderC．deleteD．spoil19、A．notionB．hesitationC．reasonD．doubt20、A．outcomeB．functionC．impactD．commitment第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。语法填空MynameisLiKangIlive1．Shijiazhuang,acitynotfarfromBeijingItismyfirstdayatseniorHighschoolandI’mwritingdownmw2．（thought）aboutitMynewschoolisverygoodandtheteachersareveryenthusiasticandfriendlyTheclassroomsare3．(amaze)Everyroomhasacomputer4．aspecialscreen,almostasbigasacinemascreenTheteacherswriteinthecomputer,andtheirwordsappearonthescreenbehindthemThescreensalsoshowphotographs,textandinformationfromwebsitesThey’rebrilliantTheteacherisaveryenthusiasticwoman5．(called)MsShenWe’reusinganewtextbookandMsShen’smethodofteachingisnothinglikethatoftheteachersatmyJuniorHighschoolShe6．(think)thatreadingcomprehensionisimportant,butwespeakalotinclass,tooMsShenwantstohelpusimproveourspellingandhandwritingWedothisinafunway,with7．(spell)gamesandotheractivitiesIlikeherattitudeverymuch,andthe8．（behave）oftheotherstudentsshowsthattheylikeher,tooTherearesixty-fivestudentsinmyclass--morethanmypreviousclassinJuniorHighForty-nineofthemaregirls9．otherwords,therearethreetimesasmanygirlsasboysTheysaythatgirlsareusuallymorehard-workingthanboys,butinthisclass,everyoneishard-workingForourhomeworktonight,wehavetowritea10．(describe)oftheschoolwherewewillworkandliveI'mlookingforwardtodoingit!第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的