2025届高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练十一词义猜测题-猜测词义类含解析

PAGE专题实力提升练十一词义揣测题——揣测词义类A[2024·昆明市“三诊一模”高考模拟考试]MaitreyiRamakrishnan,17,remembersthequestionthattookherfromthelifeofaregularhighschoolstudenttothecenterofHollywood.“Whynotme？”sheaskedherselfwhenshesawanopencastingcallforMindyKaling'scoming­of­agecomedyseriesNeverHaveIEver.Itwasagoodquestion,andcoincidentally,alsothenameofKaling's2015biography.Despitehavingnoprofessionalactingexperience,Ramakrishnangotthejob.TheyoungactressplaysacharacternamedDeviwhoselifestoryisinspiredbyKaling'sown.Ramakrishnancreditsherbestfriendforhelpingherstayconfidentthroughouttheaudition(试演)process.Shefilmedanauditionvideoandsubmittedit.Aboutonemonthlater,shegotaphonecallfromKalingandscreenwriterLangFisher.“TheytoldmethatIgottherole，”Ramakrishnansaid.“Iwasincompleteshock.Ijustkeptsaying,‘Mylifeiscompletelygoingtochange.’”AsawomanofcolorstarringinaNetflixseries,RamakrishnanwashonoredasaGroundbreakerforInternationalDayoftheGirlin2024.Herpersonalrolemodels,includingherhighschooldramateacheraswellasvariouswomeninHollywood,haveplayedabigroleincreatingherworldview.“Myhighschooldramateacherisalwayspushingmetotrynewthings，”theteensaid.“Sheencouragedmetotryoutforplaysandtakerisks,whichnowI'mknownfor.”Thesurrealexperiencetaughtheralifelessonthatshethinksappliestoanyone.Whenaskedhowshehopesherrolewillinfluenceothers,shereplied,“Ihopeitpassesthison—the‘whynotme？’Whycan'tIjustgooutanddowhatmakesmehappy?Dowhatmakesmefeelgreatandconfident？”Clearly,it'sworking.1．WhatmadeRamakrishnansuccessfullygetthejob?A．Heractingexperience.B．Influenceofherfriend.C．Herlastingconfidence.D．InspirationfromKaling.2．HowdoesRamakrishnansoundtowardsherdramateacher?A．Faithful.B．Grateful.C．Annoyed.D．Concerned.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surreal”inParagraph4mean?A．Ordinary.B．Fantastic.C．Disturbing.D．Entertaining.4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．AcomedynamedNeverHaveⅠEver.B．AgirlstarringinanewNetflixshow.C．Aphonecallthatmakesasuperstar.D．Aquestionthatchangesagirl'slife.B[2024·枣庄市高三模拟]Rainbow­colouredrubbishisthecolourfulwastecreatedbyaSwedishcitywithauniquerecyclingsystem.LikemanycitiesinSweden,Eskilstunahasanimpressiverecyclingrecord.ItmettheEU's2024targetofrecycling50%ofwastemanyyearsago.Butalmosteveryonewholivesherefollowsastrictrecyclingpolicyathome.Peopleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteintosevenseparatecategories,includingfood,textiles,cartonsandmetal.Butwhatreallymakesthesystemstandoutisthebrightcolourcode.Thereasonforthisbecomesclearatthecity'srecyclingplant.Thebagsarrivealljumbledupbecausethey'recollectedaltogether,onceafortnightfromoutsidepeople'shouses.Butthankstothosebrightcolours,scannerscanselectthebagsandseparatethemefficiently.Thefoodwasteingreenbagsisprocessedonsiteintoslurry(浆)tomakebiogas,whichpowersthecity'sbuses.Oneofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyclingisthatthereislesscross­pollution,somoreoftherecycledwastecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.LiketherestofSweden,Eskilstunaiscommittedtosendingzerowastefromitscitizenstolandfill(垃圾填埋场).Wastethatcannotberecycledisincineratedatalocalplanttogenerateelectricity.Thisreducesrelianceonfossilfuels,butdoescreategreenhousegases.Ascountriesaroundtheworldtrytoimprovetheirrecyclingrates,somemaylooktoEskilstunaasanexampletofollow—aslongastheythinktheycanpersuadetheircitizenstogetbusysortingwasteathome.5．HowdopeopledealwiththeirhouseholdwasteinEskilstuna?A．Sortingandputtingitincolourfulbags.B．Dyeingitwithdifferentcolours.C．Processingandrecyclingitathome.D．Sortingandtakingitouteveryweek.6．Whatistheadvantageofthebrightcolourcode?A．Itavoidscross­pollutionentirely.B．Thewastecanbestoredinafixedsite.C．It'seasiertoclassifythebagsofrubbish.D．Thecitytakesonacolourfullook.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incinerated”meaninthelastparagraph?A．burntB．brokenC．reusedD．washed8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A．TipsonSortingofHouseholdWaste.B．ASwedishC．AUniqueWasteRecyclingPlan.D．ANewPolicyonConservation.C[2024·烟台市高考诊断性测试]Ifyou'veeverbeenonafishingboat,you'veprobablyseencrowdsofbirdsfollowingit,hopingtocatchasnack.Nowscientistsusethosebirds'behaviortotrackillegalfishingboats.Researchersattacheddataloggerstothebacksof169albatrosses(信天翁)inIndianoceans.Weighingonly42grams,thedevicesincludedaGPS,whichenabledthemtodetectthepresenceandintensityofradarsignalsemittedbyboats.Thatinformationwasthensentbysatellite,sotheresearcherscouldtrackthelocationofthebirds—andthustheradar­emittingboats—inrealtime.Thescientiststhencross­checkedthatdataagainsttheknownlocationsofboats,collectedfromasystemboatsusetodeclarethemselves,calledtheAutomaticIdentificationSystem(AIS).Andnoticeabledifferencesappearedfrequently.Morethanathirdofthetimesthebird“loggers”detectedradarsignals,andthereforeaboat,butnosuchboatappearedintheofficiallog—meaningthatthevehicleshadlikelyswitchedofftheirAIS—somethingthatprobablyhappensinillegalfishingoperations.Theworksuggestsbirdscouldbeaneffectiveboat­monitoringtoolaslongasillegalfishingoperationsdon'ttargetthebirds.Fortunately,such_a_taskwouldbedifficult.Aroundfishingboats,youcanfindhundredsofbirdsatanyonetimethatareflyingaround.Andthebirdswithloggersarenotmarkedinanyway.Soit'snotreallypossibleforfishermentopickoutaspecificbird.Butwhatconcernsresearchersisthatalbatrossesoftengetcaughtbysomefishingboats.Thoughregulationshavebeenestablishedtoprotectagainstthathappening—withsuccess—illegalboatsdon'tnecessarilyobey.Soscientistsmightbeunderestimatingtheriskposedtoalbatrosspopulations.9．Whatcharacteristicofalbatrossesdoscientiststakeadvantageofintheirresearch?A．Theirfeedingpatterns.B．Theirsenseofdirection.C．Theirgreedybehaviors.D．Theirhabitoffollowingfishingboats.10.ForwhatpurposedoesaboatshutoffitsAIS?A．Toseekmorefishes.B．Tohaveitmistakenforanother.C．Toavoidbeingdetected.D．Tosavethetroubleofdeclaringitself.11．Whatdoes“suchatask”inParagraph6referto?A．Identifyingbirdswithloggers.B．Monitoringillegalboats.C．Trackingradarsignalsautomatically.D．Fishingillegally.12．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AIS:anEffectiveSystemtoLocateBoatsB．HumansAreGoodatDiscoveringBirds'NatureC．DataLoggersHelpFishermenGetaGoodHarvestD．ScientistsUseBirdstoTrackIllegalFishingOperations专题实力提升练十一词义揣测题——揣测词义类A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——人物故事——一般中学生麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南被好莱坞录用【文章大意】一般的中学生麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南尽管没有专业的表演阅历，但因为“为什么不是我？”这个巧合的问题而被敏迪·卡灵(MindyKaling)的成长喜剧系列招为演员。1．答案与解析：C考查细微环节理解。依据其次段的内容，尤其是第三句“Ramakrishnancreditsherbestfriendforhelpingherstayconfidentthroughouttheaudition(试演)process”及第六句“‘TheytoldmethatIgottherole，’Ramakrishnansaid”可知，麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南在试演时的自信使她被录用。故选C。2．答案与解析：B考查推理推断。依据第三段中的“Herpersonalrolemodels，includingherhighschooldramateacher...‘Sheencourgedmetotryoutforplaysandtakerisks，whichnowI'mknownfor.’”可知，她的中学戏剧老师是她的个人榜样，总是督促她去尝试新事物并且激励她尝试戏剧和冒险，而且现在她以这一点而著名，进而可推断出她对她的中学戏剧老师怀有感谢之情。所以选B。3．答案与解析：B考查词义揣测。分析句子结构可知，这种经验是上文提到的经验。依据第一段的内容可知麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南被录用有巧合的因素，所以，她的这种经验是“不行思议的、奇异的”，故画线词与B项词义相近。4．答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了一般的中学生麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南尽管没有专业的表演阅历，但因为“为什么不是我？”这个巧合的问题而被敏迪·卡灵(MindyKaling)的成长喜剧系列招为演员的故事。故选D。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——环境爱护——垃圾的分类及焚烧【文章大意】在瑞典，环保是生活的一部分，在Eskilstuna也不例外。该市推出“彩虹色”的垃圾回收体系，在回收利用方面取得了令人赞美的成果。5．答案与解析：A考查细微环节理解。依据第一段的“Peopleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteintosevenseparatecategories，includingfood,textiles,cartonsandmetal.Butwhatreallymakesthesystemstandoutisthebrightcolourcode”和其次段的“scannerscanselectthebags”“ingreenbags”可知，在Eskilstuna，人们会把生活垃圾分类，装在不同颜色的袋子里。6．答案与解析：C考查细微环节理解。依据其次段的“Butthankstothosebrightcolours，scannerscanselectthebagsands