Unit3 Listening and Speaking-Reading and Thinking 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新人教单元：必修二Unit3(ListeningandSpeaking—ReadingandThinking)本单元词汇梳理1.blog：词源故事：blog是weblog(web+log)的缩略词。log原指“航海日志”，后来被用以泛指任何类型的流水记录。weblog就是在网上的流水记录形式，相当于网络时代的日记本。blog可译为“网络日志”或“网志”，但该译法无法概括其独特内涵和深远意义，于是根据其发音想出了“博客”这一中文译名。名词动词化：写博客；词块：blogpost

词族：blog,blogging,blogger2.engine：音译词“引擎”；词块：asearchengine,afireengine

派生词：engineer3.chat：词源：chat是chatter的缩略。chatter是模仿鸟鸣声构成的拟声词，表示动物(如鸟、猴、松鼠等)的叫声和物体(如牙齿、机器等)发出的声音，也表示“喋喋不休”。16世纪chat衍生出“闲谈”或“谈天”。词块：haveachatwithsb,chatwithsbabout/oversth4.stream：隐喻：具体的“小河；溪流”→液/气/人/车流

名词动词化：流动→(计算机)流播5.identity：词源：“同一”、“同一性”(sameness)

词块：identitycard；词族：identity,identify,identical,identification6.convenient：核心句式：itisconvenient(forsb)todosth

构词法：convenient—convenience7.cash：词块：incash；派生词：casiher8.update：up+date(v)9.software：soft+ware10.network：net+work11.stuck：分词形容词，来自stick过去分词形式。

词块：be/getstuckin12.keepsbcompany：company熟词生义：陪伴13.surf：词块：surftheNet/Internet

隐喻：具体的“冲浪”→抽象的“(网上)冲浪”14.benefit：bene-(well好)+fit(do,perform做)→做好事、善举→个人利益，即善有善报词块：benefitfrom,beof(great)benefit,forthebenefitofsb/forsb’sbenefit15.distance：dis-(apart分开)+-st(stand站)+-ance→分开站着→距离名词动词化：socialdistancing(保持社交距离)词块：inthedistance,at/fromadistance,withinwalkingdistance,long-distancerunning/runner16.inspire：in-(in)+-spir-(breath呼吸)+-e→使吸入词族：inspire,inspiration,inspired,inspiring

词块：inspiresbtodosth17.nowthat：conj，that可以省略18.access：英语释义：theopportunityorrighttousesthortoseesb/sth

词块：have(easy/no)accessto,Internetaccess

名词动词化：accesstheInternet；派生词：accessible19.charity：抽象名词具体化词块：charityorganisations,raisemoneyforcharity,acharityconcert/dinner20.gothrough：一词多义，基本义“穿过”21.tough：一词多义，基本义“结实的；坚硬的”22.province：派生词：provincial23.conference：词块：holdaconference,apressconference24.resident：词块：rural/urbanresidents25.plus：加号；反义词minus；

熟词生义：优点

词块：ontheplusside重难点词精讲toughidentitystick&stuckplus一词多义搭配一词多义一词多义benefit搭配义distance一词多义inspire一词多义gothroughaccess

英语释义搭配义一词多义convenient一词多义identityidentitycard(IDcard)StudentIDcard词源解读identity的词源义即“同一”、“同一性”(sameness,oneness,stateofbeingthesame)。同一性：同一类事物共同具有的典型特征，这个典型特征是这类事物区别于其他事物的地方。❶[C]&[U][缩写为ID]身份：anidentitycard(IDcard)❷[C]&[U](区别人或群体的)个性/特征：Afteryearsofperforming,hefeltthatinsomewayshehadlosthisidentity.Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforthedevelopmentofadultidentity.2016北京改identityn

【温故B2U1】identify

vt

认出；识别

torecognizeandcorrectlynamesb/sth：Hewastoofarawaytobeabletoidentifyfaces.Oneofthe17peoplekilledintheschoolshootingwasidentifiedasJamie.

确认；找出

tofindordiscoversb/sth：Tobeeffective,youneedtoidentifyyourstrengthsandconcentrateonthem.2009浙江

表明……的身份

tobeasignthatshowswhoorwhatsb/sthis：Hisaccentidentify

himasaFrenchman.【知新】identificationR1

n

[U]&[C]识别；鉴定；确认whenyourecognizesthordiscoverexactlywhatitis：Eachproductinthesupermarkethasanidentificationnumber.

Eachunitleaderneededaflag,orcolour,tobeeasilyseenforidentificationduringabattle.

[U]

[缩写为ID]身份证明(文件)：Weareallaskedtoshowsomeidentification—anidentitycardorapassport—beforeboardingtheplane.

便利的；方便的：itisconvenient(forsb)todosth:ItisveryconvenienttotravelinLondonbyunderground.2011天津Ifit’sconvenientforyou,let’smeetat8:30outsidetheschoolgate.2016全国书面表达

就近的；近便的：arestaurantconvenientforshopsandtheatresconvenientadj词汇拓展conveniencen

[U]便利；方便：aconveniencestoreconveniencefoodsTheconvenienceofcitylifeisoneofitsmainattractions.Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andforconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.

[C]便利的事物；便利设施：Itwasagreatconveniencetolivenearmyschool.atsb’sconvenience[正式用语]在某人方便时：Pleasecomeatyourconvenience.atyourearliestconvenience

[正式用语]

[书信用语]尽早；尽快：Wewouldappreciateitifyoucouldreplyatyourearliestconvenience.2011上海书面表达改抽象名词具体化stick

(stuck,stuck)v

vt&vi

(被)刺入；(被)戳进：Thenursestucktheneedleintomyarm.

Ifoundanailstickinginthetyre.

vt&vi粘(住)；贴(住)：stickastamponanenvelope

Thisfoodcansticktoyourteeth.

vt&vi伸出：Peterstuckhisheadbehindthedoor.

vt

[非正式用语]放置：Stickyourbagsdownthere.

vi&vt阻塞；(被)难住：Thekeyhasstuckinthelock.

Hewasstuckbythisquestion.

stickaround

[非正式用语]不走开；待在原地stickout伸出；突出：Stickoutyourtongue,please.

ThephotoshowedEdwardwithveryshorthairandhisearsstickingout.stickto坚持；遵守(keepto)：Thesurestwaytosuccessisstickingtoyourgoal.

Oncehemadeapromise,hewouldsticktoit(=hedidashehadpromised).

stickup竖立：OnChristmasmorningwestuckupaboardwith“AMerryChristmas”onit.stickwith

[非正式用语]

[不用于被动语态]

持续；坚持：Youshouldchooseanactivitythatyouenjoy,andonethatyou’llstickwith.

2009湖南改

留在……的记忆里：Thosewordswillstickwithmefortherestofmylife.■n[C]

枝条；树枝：gatherstickstomakeafire

棍；棒；棍/条状物：awalkingstick

►stickyadj

黏的；黏性的►stuckadj

[不用于名词前]

卡住的；无法移动的：Thecat’sstuckinthetree.

2012江苏Theygotstuckinatrafficjam.

陷(入)；困(于)：Hispositiveattitudeinspiredmanypeoplewhowerestuckinillness.北师大新必修②–6Shefoundherselfstuckathomewithonlyhercomputertokeephercompany.人教新必修②–3改分词形容词翻译下面的句子。新鲜空气对我们的健康有好处。Thefreshair_____________ourhealth.isgoodforbenefitisofbenefittobenefits

利益；益处anadvantage,improvement,orhelpthatyougetfromsth:sidebenefit2019全国Therearecertainlybenefitsofusingastarinafilm.2010广东Hehashadthebenefitofafirst-classeducation.

津贴；救济金

(welfare)benefit

n[C]&[U]bene-(well好)+fit(do,perform做)→做好事、善举→个人利益，即善有善报【重要搭配】beofbenefitto对……有益

(bebeneficialto)：Theracewasofgreatbenefittotheparticipants,physicallyandmentally.forsb’sbenefit/forthebenefitofsb为了某人的利益：Themoneyistobeusedforthebenefitofthepoor.Thebooksareofgreatuse(=areveryuseful)toEnglishlearners.Friendsareofgreatimportance(=areveryimportant)toeveryone.

Themobilephoneisofgoodquality.beof+抽象名词=be+对应的形容词

vt&vi有益于；受益：Therainwillbenefit

thecropsgreatly.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.2011江苏Iamsureeveryonewillbenefitalotfromthisactivity.2008陕西书面表达benefitbeneficial

adj[正式用语]有益的；有利的havingahelpfulorusefuleffect：Exerciseishighlybeneficialtohealth.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudents.2009北京【词汇拓展】阳光对植物有益。1.Sunshine__________plants.2.Plants____________________sunshine.3.Sunshine______________________________plants.4.Sunshine________________________________________plants.

benefitsbenefitfromisbeneficialtoisofbenefittoSunshineisgoodforplants.翻译下面的句子（每空一词）。保持安全“距离”避免汽车追尾的方法除了预先判断之外，最直接有效的方法就是保持3秒的安全行车距离。socialdistancing世界卫生组织确认新冠肺炎“大流行”以来，全球多国疫情迅速恶化。在这种严峻形势下，中国的抗疫经验受到广泛认可和借鉴，其中很重要的一条就是socialdistancing。

耶鲁大学的尼古拉斯·克里斯塔基斯援引相关研究结果称，中国严格的socialdistancing措施使新冠肺炎“传染率”从1人传染3.8人下降到0.32人。

这里的distance是名词动词化。distance词源解读distance由前缀dis-“分离，分开（apart）”、词根-st-“站立（stand）”及名词词尾-ance组成，两边分开站，即有一段“距离”。distancen

[C]&[U]距离；间距：Thehoneyguidebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.2012全国改It’sjustadistanceof50metresfromheretotherestaurant.2011山东改Thebeachiswithinwalkingdistanceofmyhouse.

[U][单数]遥远；远处；远方：Watchtheperformanceonthestreetfromasafedistance.

[C]&[U]冷淡；疏远：Thecoldnessanddistanceinhervoicetookmebysurprise.【重要搭配】at/fromadistance有相当距离：Thepicturelooksbeautifulatadistance.in/intothedistance在远处：Fartherinthedistance,Icouldenjoytheviewofsnowymountains.keepone’sdistance保持距离■vt

使远离；使疏远：Whenheretired,hetriedtodistance

himself

from

citylife.名词动词化distance语义网络图感情上的“距离”空间上的“距离”遥远的“距离”距离；间距遥远；远处；远方冷淡；疏远距离(基本义)distance根据所给汉语，从方框中选择适当的词填空。我们必须提倡独创性，激发创造力，鼓励创新。Wemust__________originality,__________creativityand__________innovation.promoteinspireencouragepromoteinspireencourageinspireinspirevt

激励；鼓舞tomakesbwanttodosth:Weneedsomeonewhocaninspiretheteam.

inspiresbtodosth:HertrustinmehasinspiredmetodothingsthatIneverimaginedpossible.2010

北京

激发；唤起tomakesbfeel,think,etc.sth:Hisdrivinghardlyinspiresconfidence(=makepeoplefeelconfidentbecausetheytrustyourability).

[常用于被动语态]

启发；给……灵感togivesbtheideaforsth：Thispieceofmusicwasinspiredbydolphinsounds.“使吸入”活力“使吸入”感受“使吸入”灵感inspire由前缀in-“入（into）”、词根-spir-“呼吸（tobreathe）”及词尾-e组成，意为“使吸入”激发；唤起激励；鼓舞

使吸入（基本义）“使吸入”感受“使吸入”活力启发；给……灵感“使吸入”灵感inspire语义网络图辨析encourage,promote,inspireencourage：鼓励

togivesbsupport,courageorhopeMyparentsencouragedmeinmyfurtherstudies.promote：促进tohelpsthtohappenordevelopAllourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.2019北京inspire：激励

tomakesbwanttodosthHeinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesport.辨析可以从英语释义入手，加以区分词汇拓展inspiredadj备受鼓舞的inspiring

adj鼓舞人心的inspiration

n[U]灵感；

[C]

[常用单数]启发灵感的人/事物；鼓舞人心的人/事物：托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生（ThomasAlvaEdison，1847—1931），美国人。发明家、企业家。他发明的留声机、电影摄影机和改进的电灯对世界有极大影响。Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.——EdisonHegavemetheinspirationtopickupmypenagain.2015

江苏改Manypoetsdrew/tooktheirinspirationfromthenature.

Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily.2020山东access我们绕着博物馆走了一圈，寻找进去的路。Wewalkedallthewayaroundthemuseumlookingforthewayin.咱们在超市入口见吧。Let’smeetattheentrancetothesupermarket.accesstoaccess1.Thefatheronly_____________________________（能见/让见）

hissonatweekends.

2.OnereasonformypreferenceforcitylifeisthatIcan

________________（去……方便）placeslikeshopsandrestaurants.3.Peoplelivinginthemountainareas______________________（很难用上/用不上）healthcareservices.4.Thejournalistwas______________________（不让见）theWhiteHouse/the

President.

haveeasyaccesstohavepoor/noaccesstorefusedaccesstohasaccessto

/isallowedaccesstoaccess

翻译很灵活，其含义中包含了某种动作

使用/接近……的权利或机会theopportunityorrighttousesthortoseesb/sth：EachroomcomeswithitsownbathroomandInternetaccess.Acrosstheworld,1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinkingwater.ThissitegivesyouinstantaccesstoawiderangeofinformationonstudyingandlivingintheUK.2008广东

通道；入口awayofreachingorenteringaplace：wheelchairaccess

2020全国Fallenrockscutofftheonlyaccessto

thevillage.Thepolicegainedaccessthroughabrokenwindow.accessn[U]注:

access≠way，access作为名词，其含义中包含了某种动作。accessvt

[正式用语]到达；进入；使用：Theroadisclosedbutcanbeaccessedbyemergencyvehicles.

访问；获取(计算机数据)：accesstheInternetWeneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.2015安徽词汇拓展accessibleadj

易进入的；易得到的；易使用的：Eachfloorhaswheelchairaccessibletoilets.2014北京

易懂的：Thismagazinemakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren.2017北京改

(人)易接近的；平易近人的短语动词gothrough的基本义是“穿过”，强调“从头到尾”，这是由小品词through决定的。gothrough

穿过：Ittookthemanentiredaytogothroughtheforest.

经历

toexperienceorsuffersth：Gothroughthosethingsthatseemimpossible,andachievewhatweneverbelievedwecould.2013广东改

仔细检查：I’dbeverygratefulifyoucouldtakesometime

togothroughmyresumeandmakenecessarychanges.2016全国书面表达改

(提案等)被通过：Itissaidthatthenewschoolrule

didn’tgothrough.gothrough穿过（基本义）穿过经历（提案等）被通过从事件中穿过从过程和程序中穿过仔细检查gothrough语义网络图从文档等中穿过从空间中穿过tough词源义：strong,powerful基本义：结实的、强壮的

台前幕后，吴京都可谓是一个名副其实的硬汉。“硬汉”在英文中除了可以说toughman，还可以用hardy来形容，例如：Mostofthesoldierswerehardyyoungmen.（大部分战士都是吃苦耐劳的小伙子。）tough语义网络图结实的tough基本义质地“结实的”，难以切割或折断体格“结实的”、性格坚韧不易屈服结实的；坚固的强壮的；坚强的（食物等）嚼不烂的；老的艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的强硬的；严厉的食物“结实的”态度“结实的”，不易改变的生活、工作等“结实的”，难于对付的由一般到特殊由具象到抽象由物到人基本义由具象到抽象1.atoughpairofshoes2.Areyousureyou’rephysicallytoughenoughforthisjob?3.Heplaysthetoughguy

inthemovie.

4.Themeatwastoughandhardtochew.5.Don’tbetootough

on

/with

him—heisonlyachild.6.atoughlife/job7.Itwasatoughdecisiontomake.根据tough的基本义到衍生义，写出下列句子中tough的汉语意思。结实的；坚固的强壮的(食物等)嚼不烂的；老的严厉的艰难的/棘手的强壮的艰难的普通版Plus版随着生产力的发展和科技的进步各种产品都出现了升级版，比如手机、汽车等分为普通版和plus版。plus要不说一下哪年出的plus，因为确实已经out了这个机型plus■adj

表示加的；正的；零上的；有利的；好的反minus；多；余：Aplusplus5℃/plus3anincomeof$50,000plusThisisnotanexcitingcartodrive,butontheplussideitisextremelyreliable.■prep

加；加上反minus

；外加；另有：Threeplustwoequals/is/makesfive.Hehadwealthplusfame.■n[C]加号；正号；有利因素反minus：theplussignHerknowledgeofFrenchisabigplusinherjob.■conj

[非正式用语]并且；而且：Mobilephonesaresmallanduseful.Plustheyarecheaperthanbefore.

1.ItisveryconvenienttotravelinLondonbyunderground.

2.Ifit’sconvenientforyou,let’smeetat8:30outsidetheschoolgate.

3.Thesurestwaytosuccessisstickingtoyourgoal.4.Theygotstuckinatrafficjam.5.Theracewasofgreatbenefittotheparticipants,physicallyandmentally.6.Iamsureeveryonewillbenefitalotfromthisactivity.

7.Exerciseishighlybeneficialtohealth.8.Thebeachiswithinwalkingdistanceofmyhouse.本单元金句汇总9.HertrustinmehasinspiredmetodothingsthatIneverimaginedpossible.10.Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.11.Acrosstheworld,1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinkingwater.12.Gothroughthosethingsthatseemimpossible,andachievewhatweneverbelievedwecould.13.I’dbeverygratefulifyoucouldtakesometime

togothroughmyresumeandmakenecessarychanges.14.Don’tbetootough

on

/with

him—heisonlyachild.15.Itwasatoughdecisiontomake.随堂检测一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。1.Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.(2015湖北) _______2.Ourstrongsenseofnationalidentityhasbeenshapedbyourhistory. _______3.Inprisonpeopleoftensufferfromalossofidentity. _______4.Dataandidentitytheft

becomesmoreandmorecommon.(2019全国) _______二、将下列短语翻译成英语。1.身份证_____________________2.虚假身份______________________3.文化认同______________________identity身份民族认同身份迷失/失去自我身份盗窃anidentity/IDcardafalseidentityculturalidentityconvenient一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Ourlocalshophasveryconvenient

openinghours. ___________2.Ournewflatisveryconvenient

forthekids’school. ___________3.Inshort,changesinourlifeinthepasttwentyyearshavebroughtuscomfortandconvenience. ___________二、根据所给汉语及提示，翻译下列句子。1.十点半见面合适吗？(convenient)Would10:30be_________________tomeet?2.你什么时间方便过来接我呢？(itisconvenientforsbtodosth)_________________________________________________ 3.为方便起见，中文翻译印在下面。________________,theChinesetranslationisprintedbelow.合宜的近的aconvenienttimeWhattimewoulditbeconvenientforyoutopickmeup?便利Forconveniencestick&stuck一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Muchtothefamily’ssurprise,Dennisstucktohispromise!(2018全国) ___________2.InKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.(2020山东) ___________3.Tobuildaworkingstill(蒸馏器),useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.(2017全国改) ___________4.Inanefforttocleanupquickly,Mrs.Byrnestossed(扔)allthedishesintoabigbreadpan,coveredthemwithaclothandstuckthemintheoven.(2015湖南) ___________5.Igotstuckonthefirstquestion. ___________信守诺言困住/无法移动棍子放被难住二、翻译下列句子。1.我出不去，我被卡住了。____________________________2.我们堵车堵了一个多小时。____________________________3.如果你被困在家里没有压力，那么你的表现水平会很低。(2016上海)If__________________________withnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Ican’tgetout.I’mstuck.Wewere/gotstuckintrafficforoveranhour.youarestuckathomebenefit根据所给提示，完成下列句子。1.Goodopinionsareworthstickingtobecausetheycan_______________________(对我们都有益).(2015浙江书面表达)2.Asweknow,booksarethesourceofknowledge.I_________________________(从阅读中获益良多).(2012江西书面表达)3.Chinahasbeenpushingthereform(改革)ofpublichospitals________________________________________________(为了所有市民的利益).(2012福建改)4.Thesituation______________________(对任何人都没有好处).benefitusallbenefitalotfromreadingforthebenefitofallitscitizens/forallitscitizens’benefitisofnobenefittoanyone一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Somebody

is

calling

us

in

the

distance.

________2.TheInternetisoftenusedasaresourceandasatoolfordistancelearning. ________3.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmile.________4.Thereisa

distance

betweenussinceourquarrel.________5.Theauthordistancedhimselffromsomeofthecommentsinhisbook. ________distance在远处远程学习距离疏远使自己与……保持距离/远离二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1.I

hear

the

sound

of

thunder

______________________(在远处).

2.Themarketis

within

_________________(步行的距离)of

town.3.You

must

be

tired

after

walking

such

a__________________(远的距离).4.Youshould

__________________(保持距离)fromthisman—heisdangerous.5.__________________(从远处)helooksabitlikeJamesBond.inthe

distancewalkingdistancelongdistancekeepyourdistanceAt/Fromadistance一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Cathyhasinspireduswithherwillandenthusiasm.(2016天津)__________2.Thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.(2014天津) __________3.HispaintingswereclearlyinspiredbyMonet’swork.__________二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Hislovingandselflessnaturehasinspiredme___________(become)moresympatheticandconsiderate,puttingothersfirst.(2013天津)2.Thisisbyfarthemost___________(inspire)moviethatIhaveeverseen.(2013辽宁)3.__________(inspire)bythis,Idecidedtorealizemydream,eventhoughsomeofmyfamilymembersandmydoctorwereagainstit.(2011北京)激励；鼓舞

激发；唤起启发inspiretobecomeinspiringInspired三、根据所给汉语，将下列句子译成英语。1.你总是特别地关注我，并激励我参加活动。(inspire)________________________________________________________________________________________________2.家长应鼓励孩子克服困难，并鼓舞他们自我发展。(inspire,develop)(2013福建书面表达)__________________________________________________________________________________________________3.我们读书除了为获取知识外，还可以得到乐趣和灵感。__________________________________________________________________________________________________Youalwaysgavemespecialattentionandinspiredmetotakepartinactivities.Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentoovercomedifficultiesandinspirethemtodevelopbythemselves.Inadditionto/Aswellasreadingforknowledge,wereadforfunandinspiration.根据所给汉语及提示完成下列句子。Itwasreallyannoying;Icouldn’t________________________(使用数据库)youhadrecommended.(accessn)(2016天津改)2.Thevillage__________________________

(很容易去)bypublictransport.(accessv/accessible)3.Neverblock___________________________

(任何紧急出口的通道).

(2012北京改)get/gain/haveaccesstothedatabank

iseasilyaccesse