Unit3 Discovering Useful Structures-Assessing Your Progress 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新人教单元：必修二Unit3(DiscoveringUsefulStructures—AssessingYourProgress)本单元词汇梳理1.function：funct-(perform活动)+-ion

名词动词化派生词：functional2.battery：词源：动词bat（击打）的名词形式。battery最初表示“连续重击”，后衍生出“轰炸”之意。后来又被用来表示包含一组火炮或炮台，因为包含多门火炮的火炮组能够不间断地连续发射炮弹。电池问世后，美国科学家本•富兰克林便将电池叫作battery，因为电池能像火炮组一样连续发射电荷。

词块：dead/flatbattery,thebatterydies/goesdead3.confirm：con-(加强)+firm(tostrengthen加强、巩固)→加强某事的真实性→证实、证明”

派生词：confirmation4.press：基本义：挤压；词族：press,pressure,impress,express,depress5.button：词块：pressthebutton

名词动词化：button/unbuttonyourbuttons6.file：词块：copy/save/closeafile；名词动词化7.inshape：词块：stay/keepinshape,ingood/badshape,outofshape8.keeptrackof：拓展losetrackof9.discount：dis-(不、非)+

-count(计算)→没有计算在内的→折扣

词块：get/give/offeradiscount,atadiscount10.account：ac-(to)+-count(计算)；一词多义：基本义“记录”词块：setup/openabankaccount,accountfor,takesthintoaccount11.click：拟声词(点击的声音)；基本义“点击”

词块：clickon,aclickof12.privacy：private(adj)+-cy

词族：private,privately.privacy13.theft：来自thief14.rude：近义词impolite；反义词polite句式：it’srude(ofsb)todosth,berudetosb15.target：隐喻：具体的“靶子（目标）”→抽象的“目标（靶子）”词块：setatarget,achieve/realiseone’starget(近义词goal)名词动词化：betargetedat16.false：反义词true17.particular：词块：inparticular;beparticularabout/over18.embarrassing：词族：embarrass,embarrassed,embarrassing(分词形容词),embarrassment19.makefunof：近义词laughat20.upset：v

一词多义，基本义“打翻”adj英语释义：worriedandunhappy

词块：beupsetabout

/at/by/oversth,beupsettodosth21.guideline：guide+line22.author：同义词：writer

名词动词化23.tip：音译词“贴士”“提示”；熟词生义：小费24.familiar：词块：befamiliarwithsth/tosb

反义词：unfamiliar25.keep(...)inmind：=bear(...)inmind26.define：de-(completely完全，表示强调)

+-fin-(tolimit界限)→确定界限→给……下定义(确定词的定义)27.case：词源义“落下(tofall)”，落下意味着降临，降临意味着意外发生的情况或案例。一词多义：基本义“事例；实例”词块：inanycase,incase,incaseof,apencilcase等重难点词精讲confirmparticular一词多义熟词生义shapepressupsetcase

一词多义搭配义词根一词多义搭配义一词多义英语释义名词动词化account搭配义confirm当我们想注册一个新账户或者重置密码时通常会看见confirmpassword，意思是“确认密码”。生活中的confirmconfirmvt

证实；证明：Theexperimentconfirmedhistheory.

confirm+(that)/wh-从句：Researchhasconfirmedthattheriskishigherforwomen.

确认(安排、日期或情况)：confirmabooking/reservation

confirm词源解读：confirm由con-(强调)+firm(tostrengthen)→加强某事的真实性→“证实”“证明”

Sixpeoplehaveconfirmedthattheywillbeattendingtheconference.►confirmationn[C]&[U]证实；确认(书)presspress为同形异义词，作动词时，其词源义为“挤压（exertforce,push）”。当它作名词时，其词源义为“人群（crowd）”，但随着语言的发展，已经不太常用。14世纪初期，press意为“熨烫布的机器”“榨汁机”，后来又出现“印刷机”的意思，这几层释义都是“压……的机器”。16世纪70年代其意思引伸为“出版社”。到了18世纪，“报刊新闻业”这层释义开始出现。pressvt&vi

压

(push)；按；推；挤：pressabutton/switchShepressedherfaceagainstthewindow.Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedalandthecarleaptforwards.

催促；逼迫(push/urge)：Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunity.presson(不顾困难)继续进行：Hepressedonandfinallygotpassedthefinishingline.

[常与a连用]按；压；推；挤：Giveitapress.

出版社；印刷厂：theOxfordUniversityPress

[常用thepress]报刊新闻业；新闻界：thelocalpressthefreedomofthepresspressn[C]press的语义网络图挤压press(基本义)“挤压”物体“挤压”人压；按；挤；推按；压；推；挤vn催促；逼迫出版社；印刷厂报刊新闻业；新闻界press的同根词词根前缀/后缀单词press（压）-ure:……的行为pressuren

压力im-:向内、向里(in,into)impressv

给……留下极深的印象ex-:向外(out)expressv

表达；表示de-:向下(down)depressv

使抑郁shapeshape■

n[C]&[U]形状；外形：Althoughallkiteshaveasimilarstructure,theyarewidelydifferentinsizeandshape.2012安徽Formyfifthbirthday,mymotherbakedmeacakeintheshapeofamonkey.2020天津【常用搭配】get(oneself)intoshape强身健体：I’vegottogetintoshapebeforesummer.

ingood/badshape身体健康/不健康；状态好/不好：He’singoodshapeforamanofhisage.Theeconomyisinverybadshapeandislikelytogetworse.inshape健康状况好：Shejogsforanhoureverymorningtokeep/stayinshape.

outofshape变形；身体不健康：Thefrontwheelofthebicyclewasoutofshape.

Ihadn’tbeentrainingformonthsandwasreallyoutofshape.

takeshape形成；使成形：Anideawasbeginningtotakeshapeinhismind.

■

vt

使成形：anL-shapedsofaItalyshapedlikeabootliesinthesouthofEurope.

影响/决定(事物的发展)：It’snotwhatwedoonceinawhilethatshapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently.

2011湖南shapeup

[非正式用语]改进(行为/工作)：Ifhedoesn’tshapeup,he’llsoonbeoutofajob.名词动词化accountaccount源自古法语，由“ac-（加强意义）+-count（计算）”构成，account的词源义是“计数”，其基本义是“记录”。“计数”本质上就是“记录”。

在文字发明以前，为了适应表达和记忆的需要，人类用“刻道计数”和“结绳记事”等方法来计数或记录事件。account

n[C]

[常用复数]账；账目：anaccountbookHetakescareofthebusinessandhiswifekeepstheaccounts.

账户；账号：open/closeanaccounthaveanaccountat/withabanktheWeChatofficial/publicaccountMyfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.

叙述；报道；描写：aneye-witnessaccountofamurderWhilethisbooktellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistory,italsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals.

2017

江苏改account语义网络记录（基本义）资金往来的“记录”进行银行交易、使用网络等时个人信息的“记录”账；账目账户；账号事件的“记录”叙述；报道；描写on

account

of因为；由于(because

of)：Shewasabsentfromschoolonaccountofillness.onnoaccount决不；绝对不：Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccountshouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.2019天津takeaccountof/take...intoaccount考虑到；把……考虑进去:Thecompanytakesaccountofenvironmentalissueswhereverpossible.Onemusttaketheaudienceintoaccountwhenmakingspeeches.重要搭配注：onnoaccount置于句首，其所在的句子要用倒装语序。account

forv

(数量、比例上)占：Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccountsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.2015福建

是……的原因；解释/说明(explain)：Theapplicationofnewtechnologiesandwideappealofmoviestarscouldaccountfortheincreaseoftheboxofficeincome.

2017

江苏书面表达改词汇拓展accountantn[C]会计(员)；会计师particularadj

［只用于名词前］特定的usedtoemphasizethatyouaretalkingaboutoneperson,thing,time,etc.andnotaboutothers

(specific)：Hedidnotshowuponthatparticularday.Thegiantpandaeatsonlyoneparticulartypeofbamboo.

特别的；格外的：Ihavenothingparticulartodothisevening.Wemustpayparticularattentiontothispoint.

讲究的；挑剔的：aparticularcustomerSheisveryparticularabout/overherappearance.固定搭配inparticular尤其；特别：Parentsandcoachesinparticularshouldactasbetterexamplesforchildren.2008上海Areyoudoinganythinginparticularthisweekend?【词汇拓展】particularlyadv

特别；尤其(especially)：Thedictionaryisparticularlyusefulforbeginners.Themicrobloghasexplodedinpopularityinrecentyears,particularlyamongyoungpeople.2016年很火的一个段子：友谊的小船说翻就翻。你知道船翻了如何表达吗？Theboatwasupset.图中小船被打翻也正好诠释了upset的基本义——打翻。upset词源upset(v.)“tosetup,fix,”from

up

(adv.)+

set

(v.)

upsetupset源于setup（建立）。setup和upset有什么关系呢？upset(upset,upset)vt

弄翻；打翻：upsetabowlofsoupThelifeboatwasupsetbythewaves.

打乱；搅乱(计划、安排等)：Hearrivedanhourlateandupsetourplan.

使生气；使心烦意乱tomakesbworryorfeelunhappy：Thisdecisionislikelytoupsetalotofpeople.

使(肠胃)不适:

upsetadj

(肠胃)不适的：anupsetstomach

[不用于名词前]心烦意乱的；难过的

worriedandunhappy：Thenthefriendmovedawayandthewriterwasextremelyupset.【词汇拓展】►upsettingadj

令人心烦意乱的分词形容词①(be)upsettodosth:Shewasveryupsettohearthattheholidayhadbeencancelled.②(be)upset+that从句：Anne’ssisterMargotwasveryupsetthatthefamilyhadtomove.③(be)upsetabout/at/by/oversth:Myparentswereinahugeargument,andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.④beupsetwithsb:You’renotstillupsetwithme,areyou?词块upset语义网络打翻upset基本义打翻物体打翻计划打翻心情使生气；使心烦意乱打乱；搅乱(计划、安排等)弄翻；打翻打翻胃使(肠胃)不适(肠胃)不适的心烦意乱的；难过的具体抽象人v

adj还记得早年间我们说“小事一桩”时，常用流行语“小case”吗？它是怎么来的？这个土洋结合的词语，最先在港台地区出现。由于港台地区特殊的文化背景环境，产生了这个词语。后来通过港台影视作品传入内地。可是当我们学习单词case时，发现这不是个“小case”。casecasen[C]

事例；实例：①例子；案例anexampleofaparticularsituationorofsthhappening：MyexperienceintheEnglishspeechcontestlastOctoberisacaseinpoint(=aclearexampleofsththatyouarediscussingorexplaining).②

病例anexampleofadiseaseorapersonwhohasadisease：Medicalstudentsstudythecasehistoriesofmanypatients.③案件acrimeoranillegalmatter：Around50policeofficersareonthecase.

④诉讼案；官司：Marshallhasdroppedthecaseagainstus.词源：词源义“落下”，落下意味着降临，降临意味着意外发生的情况或案例。基本义为“事例；实例”。

情况

aparticularsituationorasituationofaparticulartype：inanycase在任何情况下；不管怎样：Idon’tseewhyIcouldn’tdoit.Inanycase,I’mgoingtotry.

incaseof[常用于官方通告]在……情形时；万一：Incaseofemergency,pleasecallthepolice.in…case(s)在……情况下：Theseideascanbetrueincertaincases,butverywronginothers.innocase在任何情况下都不；决不：Innocaseshouldyouleaveyourpost.inthiscase在这种情况下：Youmaythinkofgivingupstudy.Inthiscase,justthinkitoverbeforemakingthedecision.innocase用于句首时，句子常用部分倒装语序inthatcase既然如此；那样的话：—Hedidn’twanttotalktoSally.—Inthatcasewhydidheagreetomeether?insb’scase就某人的情况来说：TheysayGodrewardsthosewhoworkhardandinmycaseitwastrue.inthecaseof就……来说；至于：Theamountoffruitinfruitjuicesmustbe6%inthecaseoforanges.(just)incase[可引导状语从句]假使；以防(万一)：Thedoctorshareshisphonenumberwiththepatientsincasetheyneedmedicalassistance.2019江苏thecase事实；实情：Asisoftenthecase,peoplestareattheirphoneswhilewaitingforbuses.外研新选必④–4➌证据；理由asetofreasonswhysthshouldhappenorbedone：Ourlawyerdidn’tthinkwehadacase.Thereisastrongcaseforgettingparentsmoreinvolvedintheschool’sactivities.➍

箱子；盒子；套子：apencilcase/apackingcaseaprotectivecase2020全国同形异义词指拼写相同，但意义毫不相同的词。常见的同形异义词有case,light,tear,lead,post等。学习时要注意同形异义词与多义词的区别：同形异义词各源自不同的词，而多义词的词源是同一个词。多义词的释义之间有联系，而同形异义词的释义之间无联系。同形异义词事例；实例（基本义）case的语义网络图日常生活或商业领域中的“事例；实例”医生写的关于病人病情的“事例；实例”与刑事等相关的警察处理的“事例；实例”法庭或法院处理的“事例；实例”例子；案例病例案件诉讼案；官司名词动词化说出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。1.Thisgirlwasafriendofmycousin’s.ShefriendedmeonWeChat.____________

2.Emailyourviewsto12346@.____________3.Kidsseemtobetextingnon-stopthesedays.____________4.Ispentallafternoonfaxingmyapplicationform.___________加……为好友用电子邮件发送发短信用传真传输（文件）画线词在例句中都作动词，其动词释义是由名词转化而来，这种词性转换现象叫作名词动词化。英语中有很多名词可转化为动词。随着科技的发展许多新事物出现了。英语由于其自身的简洁性和经济性的特点，很少创造新词，而是赋予原有词汇新的意义。friend,email,text,fax就是网络科技类的名词转化为动词的用法。读下面的句子，体会画线词的含义：1.Ican’tbelievepeoplehavesomuchfreetimetoblogat. ___________2.Asecretarycanfilepapersasefficiently（有效地）asadiskcanstorethem.___________3.Ican’taccessthedatabaseonyourcompanybecauseI’veforgottenthepassword.___________4.Ifyoustreammusic,films,ortelevisionprogrammes,youplaythemdirectlyfromtheInternet.___________名词动词化写博客把……归档访问流播本单元金句汇总1.Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunity.2.Shejogsforanhoureverymorningtokeep/stayinshape.

3.It’snotwhatwedoonceinawhilethatshapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently.4.Whilethisbooktellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistory,italsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals.5.Shewasabsentfromschoolonaccountofillness.6.Ihavenothingparticulartodothisevening.7.Sheisveryparticularabout/overherappearance.8.Areyoudoinganythinginparticularthisweekend?9.Myparentswereinahugeargument,andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.10.Greatmindsthinkalike.11.Hehasmadeuphismindtoovercomehisshortcomings.12.Incaseofemergency,pleasecallthepolice.随堂检测confirm写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.ThefamilycalledtheItalianCultureMinistry;theofficialconfirmedthatthepaintingswereoriginals(原作)andworthasmuchas$50million.(2020全国) __________2.Alltelephonereservationsmustbeconfirmedinwriting. __________3.Thedailynumberofnewlycuredanddischarged(出院)patientsexceeded(超过)thatofthenewlyconfirmedcases.(2020江苏) __________证明/证实确诊病例确认一、用press完成下列句子。1.Becareful!Themachinestartsthemomentyou____________________(按按钮).(2011湖北)2.Theyare__________________________________(催促我们迅速作决定).3.He_____________________(继续前行)andfinallygotpassedthefinishingline.(2008广东)4.Thestorywasreported___________________________(在报刊和电视上).二、给press加上适当的前缀，并用其正确形式填空。1.Artcouldhelphim__________himselfwithoutwords.(2016天津)2.Thethoughtoftakingtheexamagain__________him.3.What__________memostishisfamoussaying,“Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration”.

(2008湖南)pressthebuttonpressingustomakeaquickdecisionpressedoninthepressandontelevisionpressexpressdepressedimpresses一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpshapeyouryearahead.(2017江苏) ___________2.TheWilsonliveinanA-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itisa17thcenturycottage. ___________二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。1.Timis__________________(身体健康)physicallyeventhoughhedoesn’tgetmuchexercise.(2010湖南)2.Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadly_____________(变形).3.Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstooto__________________(保持健康).(2014江苏)4.Therewas_____________________________________________________(心形蛋糕)onthetable.shape影响……的发展A字形ingoodshapeoutofshapestay/keepinshapeacakeintheshapeofaheart/aheart-shapedcakeaccount一、选出与画线短语的释义最接近的单词或短语。1.Hewastooshockedtogiveanaccountofwhathadhappened.__________2.Shewastoldtowearflatshoes,onaccountofherbackproblem.__________3.Weshouldtakeaccountof

practicaldifficultiesandmakeanewplan.__________4.Recentpressureatworkmayaccountforhisbehaviour.__________ consider,becauseof,explainexplainconsiderbecauseofexplain二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。1.Iwasanewteacher,andI______________________(如实报告)thestudents’work.(2014浙江)2.I___________________________(开了一个银行账户)afterImade$1,000bydoingapart-timejobduringthesummervacation.(2011天津)3.Therearecertainfactors(因素)I_________________(考虑到)onmynewinvention.(2014湖南)4.HanChinese_______________(占)91.59%oftheChinesepopulation.opened/setup

a

bank

account

take

into

account

gaveanhonestaccountof

accountfor根据所给汉语及提示，翻译下列句子。1.她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔。(2011江西)Shehasalreadytriedherbest.Pleasedon’t_____________________herjob.2.这是一场很好的音乐会。我尤其喜欢最后那首歌。Itwasagoodconcert.Ienjoyedthelastsong_______________.3.你应该格外注意拼写。(attention)Youshould____________________________spelling.particularinparticular/particularlybetooparticularaboutpayparticularattentiontoupset一、写出下列句子中upset的汉语释义。1.Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou.(2013辽宁)________