2024年考研英语（一）真题及解析【版本一】

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorontheANSWERSHEET.(10There'snothingmorewelcomingthanadooropeningfopenorclose,automaticdoorsareessentialin2providegeneral3tocoyears4byAmericansDeeHortonandLewtheirusehasgrown,their6haveextendedwithinourtechnologicallyadvanParticularly7inbusylocationsordmanagementbyreducingtheobstaclesp9makingaccessbothinandoutofbuildmanyofthesedoorsopenhelpsreducethetotalarea10bythem.Automatotheside,withthepanelsbuildingstomaximisetheusablespaceinsidewithouthavingto2sticking-outdoor.Therearemanydifferenttypesofautomaticdoorsignalstotellthemwhentoopen.14thesemeEachautomaticdoosignaltoopen.Sensortypesarechosento1718abusystreetmightnot19passers-by.ApressuresensitivematwouldbetReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweaMarkyouranswersontheANSWERNearly2000yearsago,astheRomansbegantopulloutocurioustreasure:10tonsofnails,nearlyamillionofthethings.Thenailhoardwasdiscoveredin1960inafour-metre-deeppitcoveredbytwomeWhyhadtheRomansburiedamillionnails?Thelikelyexplanationisthatthewithdwasrushed,andtheydidn'twantthelocalCaledonigradeiron.TheRomansburiedthLatercivilisationswouldvaluetheskilledblacksmith'slabourinrawmaterial.AsRomaAgrawalexplainsinhernewdelightfcenturyVirginianswouldsometimesbumdowntheirhomesiftheywereplanningtorelocate.Thiswasanattempttorecoverthevaluablenails,whichcTheideathatonemightbumdownanecostlyandvaluablethesimple-seemingtechnologywThepriceofnailsfellby90%betweenSichelpointsoutinaresearchpaper.AccordingtoSichel,althoughthefallingpriceofdrivenpartlybycheaperironandcheaperenergy,mostofthecreditgoestonailmanufactNailsthemselveshavechangedovertheyears,butSicchangedmuch.RomanlampsandRomanchariotsareverydbutRomannailsarestillclearlynails.Itwoufsportscarssince1695,buttoaskthesamequestionImakenoapologyforbeingobsessedbyaparticularfeatureoftheseobjects:theirpriceamaneconomist,afterall.Afterwritingtwobooksaboutthehistoryofinventions,onethingIleantisthatwhileitistheenchantinglysophisticatedtechnolTheGutenbergprintingpresstransformedcivilisationnotbychangingthenatureofwritiscost-anditwouldhaveachievedlittlfsurfacestowriteon,thankstoanoften-overlookedtechnologycalledpaper.Solarpnicheusesuntiltheybecamecheap;now21.TheRomansburiedthe[A]highlightthethriftinessofearlyAmer[B]illustratethehighstatusofblacksmithsinthatperiod[C]contrasttheattitudesofdifferentcivilisationstowardnailsD]showthepreciousnessofnail-makingtechnologyattha23.Whatplayedthemajorroleinloweringthepri[B]Wideruseofnewene[D]Reducedcostofrawmateria[A]haveundergonemanyte[D]areoneoftheworld'smostsignificantinventions25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarisesth[A]Cheaptechnologiesb[B]Technologicalinnovationisintegr[C]Technologydefinespeople'sunderstandingof[D]SophisticatedtechnologiesdevelopfromsmParentingtipsobtainedfromhunter-gatherersinAfricamaybethekeytobringingcontentedchildren,researchershavesuggested.TheideaisbasedonstudiesastheKungofBotswana,whereeachchildiscaredforbymanyadultsasfourwillhelptolookafteryoungeronesand'baby-weslings,isconsideredtheAccordingtoDrNikhilChaudhary,anevolutionaryanthropologistatCambridgeUnivthesepractices,Knownasalloparenting,couldleadtolessanxietyforchildreDrAnnieSwanepoel,achildpsychiatrist,believesthattherearewaystoiintowesternlife.InGermany,oneschemehaspairedanoldpeople'shresidentshelptolookafterthechildren,anarrangementakintoalloparcouldbeencouragingfriendshipsbetweenchildrenindifferentschounsupervisedmixed-ageplaygroupsinhunter-gatherercInapaperpublishedintheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiaty,researcherssaidthatthewestermnuclearfamilywasarecentinventionwhichfamilybrokewithhistory.Thisabruptshifttoan"intensivemotheringnarrative",whichsuggestshouldmanagechildcarealone,waslikmaternalexhaustionandhavedangerousconsequences,"theywrote.hunter-gatherersocietiesadultsotherthantheparentsf.OnepreviousstudylookedattheEfépeopleoftheDemocraticRepufCongo.ItfoundthatiweeksoldandwerepassedbeChaudharysaidthatpthanduringmostofhumans'evolutionaryhistory,butintroducingadditionalcaregiverscouldreducestressandmaternaldepression,whichcowellbeing.Aninfantbomtoahunter-gatherersocietycouldhavemorethantecontrastsstarklytonurserysettingsintWhilehunter-gathererchildrenleantfromobservationplaygroups,researcherssaidthatwesten“instructivetemaycontributetoconditionssuchasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisoBritainshouldexplorethepossibilitytheirownsocialdevelopment.”26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraph,alloparentingreferstothepr[A]sharingchildcareamongco[B]assigningbabiestospecif[C]teachingparentingdetailsto[D]carryinginfantsaroundbythe[A]anattempttofacilitateinterg[B]anapproachtointegratingalloparent[C]theconventionalparentingsty[D]thedifferencesbetweenwestemAfri[A]alleviateparentingpre[B]consideratefamilyr[C]resultsinthechild[D]departsfromt29.Accordingtoparagrap[C]Theyoughttoim[D]Theyshouldtrytopreventparen30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitl[A]Instructiveteaching:adilemmafo[C]Mix-agedplaygroup,abetterchoice[D]Tracingthehistoryofparenting:fromAfricatoEuropeRutkowskiisaPolishdlandscapes.HehasmadeillustrationsforgamessuchasUbisoft'sAnno,Dungeons&Dragons,andMagic:TheGathering.Andhe'sbinthenewworldoftextHisdistinctivestyleisnowoneofthemostcommonlyusedpromptsinthAIartgeneratorStableDiffusion,whichwaslaunchedlatelastmonth.Thetoopopularimage-generationAImodels,allowsanprompts.Forexample,typein“WizardwithswordandaglowingorbdragonGregRutkowski,"andthesystemwillproducesomethingthatlawayfromworksinRutkButtheseopen-sourceprogramsarebuiltbyscrapingimagesfromtheInternpermissionandproperattributiontoartistethicsandcopyright.AndartistslikeRutkowskihavehaAccordingtothewebsiteLexica,whichtracksover10millionbyStableDiffusion,Rutkowski'snamehasbeenusedasapromptaround93,000times.Someoftheworld'smostfamousartists,suchasMichelangelo,PabloPicasso,andbroughtuparound2,000prompthousandsoftimesintheDiscordofanothertext-to-imagegenerator,Midjourmey.Rutkowskiwasinitiallysurprisedbutthoughtitmisearchingforhisnametoseeifapiecehehadworkedonhadbeenpublished.Theonlinesearchbroughtbackworkthathadhisnameattache“It'sbeenjustamonth.Whataboutinayear?Iprobablywon'tbeabletofindmywtherebecause[theintermet]willbefloodedwithAIart,“Rutkowskisays.“That'sconcerning.”“Thereisacoalitiongrowingwithinartistindustriestofigthis,"saysOrtiz.Thegroupisinitsearlydaysofmobilization,whichcouldinvonewpoliciesorregulation.OnesuggestionisthatAImodelscouldbetrainedonipublicdomain,andAIcompaniescouldforgepartnershipswit31.WhatcanbeleamedaboutRutkowskifromt[A]HeisenthusiasticaboutAIgene[B]HeispopularwiththeusersofanAIart[D]Hespecializesinclassicalpaintingd32.Theproblemwithopen-sourceAIartgeneratorsisthat[A]lackflexibilityinr[B]produceartworks[C]makeunauthorizeduseofonline[D]collectuserinformationwithoutcon[D]heateddisputesregarding[A]campaignfornewpoliciesorr[C]strengthentheirrelations35.Whatisthetextmainlyab[B]AI'sexpandedr[D]OpposingviewsonAIdevThemiracleoftheChesapeakeBayliesnotinitsdconstruction,theinteractionoffreshandsalinewaterprovidehomesforhundredsofspecieswhilestoringfloodwaters,filteringpollutantsfromwater,andprotectingnearbycommunitiesfrompotanIdahocasethatprovidestheSpecifically,a54majoritydecidedthatwetlandsprotectedbytheEPAunderitCleanWateauthoritymusthavea“continuoussurfaceconnection”tobodiesofwater.Thisnarrowingoftheregulatoryscopewasavictoryforbuilders,miningoperatorsandothercoatoddswithenvironmentalrules.Anditcarries“significantrepercussfloodcontrolthroughouttheUS,"asJusticeInMaryland,thegoodnewsisthatthereprotections.Butthat'saveryshortsightedview,particularlywhenitcomestotheTherealityisthatwaterandthepollutantsboundaries.TheChesapeakedrawsfroma64000-square-milewatershedthatextendstPennsylvania,NewYork,WestVirginia,theDistrictofColumbiaandDelaware.WillthosejurisdictionsextendthesameprotectionsnowdeniedunderSackettV.EPA?Perhapssome,butall?Itistooeasy,andmisleading,toseesuchcourtrulingsasmerelystandinglandownerswhentheconsequencescanbesoEPA'sinvolvementintheChetranscendtheinfluenceofdeep-pocketedspecialinterestsinneighboringstates.Pennsyfarmers,touseonetellingexample,aren'tthinkingaboutnextyearMarylandwhentheydecidewhethertospreadanimalwasteontheirfelds,yettherunofreviewingtheirownwetlandsprotectionsandseeforthemselvestheenormouWecan'tofferthematriptotheChesapeakeBperhapsavisittoBlackwaterNationalWildlifeRefugeinDbaldeaglesflyovertidalwithaquaticlife.It'sworththes[A]avaluenaturale[C]aplacewithcommercial[D]aheadachefornearb[B]weakenstheEPA'sregulat[D]mayfaceoppositionfromminingope39.Whatcanbeinferre[A]Ithasrestoredthebalanceamongneighboringjurisdictions.[B]Ithastriggeredaradicalrefo[C]Ithassetafineexampleofrespecti[D]Ithasensuredthecoordinationofp40.Theauthorholdsthatthestate[A]becautiousaboutthei[B]attachdueimportancetowetlandsprot[C]recognizetheneedtoexpandwildlifere[D]improvethewellbeingofendangeredsReadthefollowingcommentsonacountriesoforiginandalistofstatementssummarizingthenotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Simply,therearepeopthatpartoftheirhistoryandculturerepresentedbytheBeninBronzes.Theseshouldbeavailatothemaspartoftheirculturalheritageandhistoryandasasourceofnationalpride.ThereisnogoodreasonthattheseartifactsshouldbebeyondtheordinaryreachoftheeducationalobjectivorinspirationofthegenerationstowhichththeUnitedStatesorelsewhereexceptascuriouproducedforsalewhichcanbepassedfromhandtohandandplacetoplacebypurcha(42)BuckWeknowveryexactreproductionsofartworkcanbeandareregulmuseumsandgovernmentsmightexploresomerolefortheuseofnearlyexactrmeansofresolvingissuesrelatingtoreturningworksofartandantiquities.Thecontextofanyexhibitismoreimportanttoandwhatisaforgery.AgaivalueoftheobjectsoWhenvisitingtheBaltimoreMuseumofArt,Icameacrossamagnificent1Chinesesculpture.Itinspiredmuseumshavethepowertoinspire,andperhapnatureoftheircreators.Havingsaidthat,Idofeelthatmuseumsshould,infact,besanctionedashavingbeenobtainedonloan,legallypurchobtainedbytreaty.Stealingartifactsfrophysicalobjects,butthedignityandspiritoftheircreators.TothoseofyouinthecommentssecartifactsbeingremovedfromcitiesintheUSa[A]Itisclearthatcountries[B]Itisaflawedlineofreasoningtoarguea[D]Reproductions,evenifperfectlymade,cannottaketheplaceoftheauthenticobjects[E]Therealvalueofartifactscanonlyberecognizedintheircountrie[F]Waystogetartifactsfromothercountrie[G]Concernoversecurityisnoexc参考答案：41.E42.C43.F44.G45.BReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentstranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10“Elephantsneverforget”—orsotheysay—andthatpieceoffolkloreseemstohavesomeTheAfricansavannaelephantalsoknownastheAfricanbushelephant,i37Africancountries.(46)Theyareverygoodatworkingoutwhetrackingdevices,researchershaveshownthattheyhave“remarkablespatiatheirwaytowaterholes,theyheadedoffinexactlytherightdirdistanceofroughlythirtymiles.Whatismore,theyalmostalwaysseemtochoosethwaterhole.(47)TheresearchersareconvincedthattheelephantsalwaysknowpreciselywheretheyareinrelationtoalltheresourcesthfollowingfamiliarroutAlthoughthecuesusedbyAfricanelephantsforunderstood,smellmaywellplElephantsareverychoosyeaters,butuntilrecentlylittlewasknownabouthowtheirfood.(48)Onepossibilitywasthafound,butthatwouldprobablyresultinalotofwastedtimeandenergy,notleastbecauset(49)Thevolatilechemicalsproducedbypcharacteristic:Eachplantortreehasitsownparticularodorsignature.Whdetectedevenwhentheyarenotactuallyvisible.Nfactoringuidingelephants—andprobablyotherherbivores—tothebestfoodresouTheresearchersfirstestablishedwhatkindsofplanttheelephantsprefavoidwhenforagingfreelephantsaseriesofchoicesbasedonlyonsmell.(5wellusesmelltoidentifypatchesoftreesthathetreeswithincachpatch.Free-rangingelephantspresumablyalsousethisinformationtolocate参考译文：(46)它们有时跋涉六十多英里寻找食物或水，并且非常善于寻找其他大象的位置——即(47)研究人员相信，大象总是知道它们相对于所有所需资源的准确位置，因此可以走捷(48)有一种可能性是，大象只是利用视觉并尝试他们发现的植物，但这可能会浪费大量(49)植物产生的易挥发的化学物质可