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BlueBookofTetrahediatFrameworkNuc(eicAcid--------------------------------10--------------------------------11--------------------------------12--------------------------------131.4.1 DNA--------------------------------131.4.2 RNA--------------------------------14--------------------------------16--------------------------------20--------------------------------21DNA2.1DNA--------------------------------232.1.1--------------------------------232.1.2.DNA--------------------------------232.2 DNA--------------------------------252.3DNA--------------------------------272.4 DNA--------------------------------292.5 DNA--------------------------------312.6 DNA--------------------------------342.6.1 DNA--------------------------------342.6.2DNA--------------------------------342.6.3 DNA motifs--------------------------------352.6.4 DNA--------------------------------362.6.5 DNA--------------------------------383.1--------------------------------41--------------------------------42--------------------------------43--------------------------------44--------------------------------46--------------------------------47--------------------------------494.1 tFNA--------------------------------534.2 tFNA--------------------------------54--------------------------------554.3.1--------------------------------554.3.2--------------------------------574.3.3--------------------------------594.3.4--------------------------------60--------------------------------634.4.1--------------------------------634.4.2--------------------------------654.4.3--------------------------------66--------------------------------70--------------------------------70--------------------------------72--------------------------------73--------------------------------75--------------------------------75--------------------------------75--------------------------------75--------------------------------77--------------------------------774.7.2 PNA--------------------------------784.7.3 AMP--------------------------------794.7.4 --------------------------------81--------------------------------84--------------------------------86--------------------------------87--------------------------------88--------------------------------89--------------------------------906.1tFNA--------------------------------926.2tFNA--------------------------------94--------------------------------94--------------------------------94--------------------------------95--------------------------------95--------------------------------96--------------------------------96--------------------------------976.3tFNA--------------------------------986.3.1 DNA--------------------------------98--------------------------------99--------------------------------100--------------------------------101--------------------------------102--------------------------------104--------------------------------105--------------------------------114--------------------------------115011.1.1NucleicacidsRNA
1RNADNARNADNA1DNARNARNADNA1DNARNARNADNARNADNADNARNA1.2.1DNADNARNADNARNADNARNA1868FriedrichMiescher 1868Nuclein1869186919 80 519 80 · AlbrechtKossel18891889 · RichardAltmann DNARNA1938 DNAX1938 · WilliamAstbury · FlorenceBell DNADNA1944 DNA1944 · OswaldAvery · ColinMacLeod MaclynMcCarty DNA1953 DNA1953 · JamesWatson · FrancisCrick DNADNA20CRISPR-Cas91.3.1nucleicacid”nucleusDNARNAnucleicacid”nucleusDNARNA.1DNADeoxyribonucleicDeoxyribonucleicacid, DNA18691943DNARNADNADNADNADNADNA——[C] [G] [A] [T]ATCGDNADNADNADNADNA98%DNADNADNA98%DNATUDNARNARNADNARNADNA2DNADNADNA DNA DNA2DNA- -DNADNADNA3.3DNADNADNA3.3343.41.00.33DNA22-262.2-2.6DNA1.7g/cm³DNADNADNADNAD-2-DNA5′5′DNA5′3′3′3′DNA5′D3′DNARNA5′D-2-3′RNADNADNAACGA-TG-CT1.4.2RNARNARNAtRNARNARNARNArRNA3RibonucleicacidRNARNAtRNARNARNARNArRNA3RibonucleicacidRNARNARNARNADNARNARNAmRNAGUACRNARNADNARNARNADNA33DNARNADNARNA1ssRNARNAdsRNARNAtRNA2DNA2'RNADNARNA3DNARNARNA1'5' 1'RNA1'5' 1'ACG U 3' 5'RNARNADNARNA2'-OHARNAminorgrooveRNA2'RNABRNAAmajorgrooveRNAACGΨURNAC-N C-C tRNATΨC IRNARNARNAMg2+RNA——RNA-RNARNA“RNA ”DNARNADNARNAPNAN-(2- )- AEG-CH₂- -(C=O)- N C1.4.3RNADNAPNAPNAPNARNADNAPNAPNAPNAMorpholinoLNAGNATNADNARNAPNAPNAPNAPNA20—25PNADNAPNADNA/DNA PNA/DNAPNA/RNAPNApHPNAPNA4PNAsen1991PeptideNucleicAcidDNARNA PeterE.MichaelPNAPNAPNA20—25PNADNAPNADNA/DNA PNA/DNAPNA/RNAPNApHPNAPNA4PNAsen1991PNAPNADNAPNAPNAPNADNAPNAPNA6PNA/DNATm 31℃10℃ PNA DNA PNA/PNA6 DNA/DNAPNA/DNADNARNALiuPNA 2015 Jain A PNAMorpholinoPNADNAPNA16SRNA25MorpholinoMorpholino25MorpholinoMorpholinoSummertonGeneToolsAntiViralsInc.PMOSareptaTherapeuticsWellerMorpholinoPMODNAMorpholinoRNARNApHMorpholinoMorpholino RNApHMorpholinoMorpholinoMorpholinoRNAMorpholinoRNADNA525RNA Thiophosphates siRNA Morpholino 5RNALNALNALockedNucleicAcidLNABridgedNucleicAcidBNARNA LNA2' 4'63'-endoALNALNALNA DNALNA ObikaLNALNAObika1997StephensonLNA ObikaLNALNAObika1997StephensonJesperWengel19981978LNARNAD-VorbrügenLNADNAssDNALNADNAdsDNARNALNAGlycolNucleicAcid GNA6LNA*2' 4'GNADNARNA-DNARNA-GNAGNADNARNA-DNARNA-GNAGNAGNAGNARNA7DNAGNA1971UedaDNA23SeitaCookGNA-GNA19951999AcevedoAndrews1996ZhangMeggers2005EssenMeggers GNAGNA7GNADNAGNARNA GNAGNAGNAGNAGNATNATNAThreoseNucleicAcidTNATNA·AlbertEschenmoserRNAXNAThreoseNucleicAcidTNATNA·AlbertEschenmoserRNAXNATNADNARNATNADNARNATNA8DNARNA5'3'TNA5'TNATNATNATNADNADNAPCRDNATNATNATNATNATNADNARNATNATNATNATNATNARNATNA8TNADNADNARNADNARNA02 DNA49DNA1982 1983 1991 1994 1999 DNA DNA3DDNA
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TLA 60 H&E TLAMasson TLA CVFTLA NF-κB Collagen-1Collagen-3TLATLALAtFNATLATLATLAUVBFDA/Incytebaricitinib2%tFNAtFNAFDA/Incytebaricitinib2%tFNAtFNA miR-31BiRDSBiRDStFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNA 100%-QTQTQTtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAsiRNAtFNATAsiRNASTTκBNF-κBp65tFNASTTNF-κB TNF-αIL-6IL-23psoriasisTA STTSTTtFNAmiRNABiRDSBiRDS“” “BiRDS”miRNATGF-βmiR-27aEMTBiRDSBiRDSIBiRDSNLRP3tFNA BiRDSBiRDSmiRNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNA06tFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNADNA tFNA6.1.1tFNADNADNADNADNAtFNA100nt300-600ntDNADNADNADNA◼tFNA1kb1kb100-3000.10-0.30tFNA Praetorius 2017 NatureDNADNAzymecassettes ——tFNADNA——tFNADNA1/3 tFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNA61tFNA3ssDNA的切割和组装2ssDNA的提取1表达菌株的构建和培养tFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNA6.2.1tFNARhEOECDtFNAtFNARhEOECDtFNA3042 MTTtFNAtFNA94.61%OECDTG439 50%2.50% OECDTG439 tFNANItFNAtFNAtFNAtFNA tFNA6.2.2tFNAOECDTG492RhCESkinEthicHCEtFNAtFNAOECDTG492RhCESkinEthicHCEtFNAHCEMTTMTT60%4OECD4tFNAHCE97.88%60%tFNA100%GHStFNAtFNAtFNAtFNAtFNA6.2.3tFNAOECDTG4323T3NRUBalb/c3T3tFNAtFNAOECDTG4323T3NRUBalb/c3T3tFNAUVA <0.1PIF2≤PIF<50.1≤MPE<0.15MPEOECDTG432 PIF<2MPEPIF≥5MPE≥0.15tFNAMPE -0.012PIF *1.000*MPE=0.333PIF=17.876tFNAtFNAtFNAtFNA6.2.4tFNA3760201550.176.10306tFNA3760201550.176.10306240.020~0.025mLtFNA240.524485043029 013.33%12tFNA96.67%tFNA48tFNAtFNAtFNAtFNA tFNA6.2.5
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ROS ATP
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