中考英语专题复习 动词的非谓语形式

专题十二动词的非谓语形式

一、动词不定式1.

动词不定式的构成肯定式：to＋动词原形，有时可以省略to；否定式：not

to＋动词原形。2.

动词不定式在句中的功能功能用法作主语常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置作宾语某些动词只能用不定式作宾语作宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系作表语一般放在系动词be、seem之后作状语表示目的、原因、结果作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面作后置定语；

若是不及物动词，要在不定式后加介词3.

动词不定式的常见用法(1)常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语：afford、agree、

decide、expect、wish、plan、promise、learn、would

like、want、

hope等。(2)常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词或短语：ask、tell、advise、

allow、enable、expect、force、would

like、order、teach、want、invite、

wish等。(3)使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾补时，不定式要省略to。这些动词

有：feel、hear、let、make、have、observe、see、watch、notice等。但变

被动语态时必须加上to。(4)动词不定式可以与疑问词what、which、when、where、how等连用，

构成动词不定式短语，作主语、表语、宾语等。(5)常用句型：①It’s＋adj.(＋for

sb.)＋to

do

sth.意为“对某人来说做某事真是太……

了”。此类形容词通常表示事物的特征、特点。②It’s＋adj.(＋of

sb.)＋to

do

sth.意为“某人能做某事真是……”。此类

形容词通常表示人物的性格特征、道德品质等。③too...to...意为“太……而不能……”；...enough

to...意为“足

够……以至于能……”。④主语＋think/find＋it＋adj.＋to

do

sth.意为“某人认为/发现做某

事……”。⑤prefer

to

do...rather

than

do...意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。⑥“had

better/why

not＋省略to的动词不定式”意为“最好/为什么

不……”。⑦It

takes

sb.

some

time＋to

do

sth.意为“某人花费时间做某事”。⑧It’s

time

(for

sb.)＋to

do

sth.意为“(对某人来说)该做某事了”。二、动名词动名词由“动词＋-ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既具有动

词的特征，又具有名词的句法功能，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1.

动名词的句法功能功能用法作主语单个动名词(短语)作主语，其谓语动词用单数作宾语作动词宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或动作；也可作介

词宾语作表语多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化为作主语作定语位于所修饰词之前，只表明所修饰词的用途2.

后接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有finish、enjoy、mind、miss、feel

like、be

busy、practice、consider、suggest、can’t

help等。【巧学助记】后跟动名词的常用词(组)完成实践值得忙(finish、practice、be

worth、be

busy)，继续习惯别放弃(keep

on、be

used

to、give

up)，考虑建议不禁想(consider、suggest、can’t

help、feel

like)，喜欢思念要介意(enjoy、miss、mind)3.

后可跟动词不定式又可跟动名词的动词或短语(1)后可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语，且意义差别不大的动词有：

like、love、hate、begin、start等。

三、分词*(课标未作要求)1.

构成(1)现在分词：一般由“动词＋-ing”构成，表示动作正在发生或主

动意义。They

sat

around

the

table，

singing.他们围坐在桌旁，唱着歌。(2)过去分词：一般由“动词＋-ed”构成，表示动作已经完成或被

动意义。The

carrot

eaten

by

the

rabbit

is

delicious.这只兔子啃的胡萝卜非常美味。2.

功能(1)作表语The

window

glass

is

broken.窗户玻璃碎了。(2)作定语Do

you

know

the

girl

standing

under

the

tree？你认识站在树下面的那位女

孩吗？(3)作状语分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。Being

busy

now，

I

can’t

go

fishing

with

you.我现在很忙，不能跟你

去钓鱼。(4)作宾语补足语其后可以接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有see、watch、hear、keep、

find等，表示动作正在进行；其后可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有

have、make、get等，有被动含义。I

have

my

hair

cut.我已经(让人)把头发剪了。

一、选择填空(

B

)1.(2024福建)It’s

important

for

us

hard

in

order

to

have

a

better

life.A.workB.to

workC.workingB一二(

C

)2.(2023福建)Our

school

has

held

many

activities

the

100th

birthday

of

the

Communist

Party

of

China.A.celebrateB.celebratedC.to

celebrate(

A

)3.(2023福建)The

twin

brothers

are

busy

artworks

from

ocean

waste.A.makingB.makeC.to

makeCA一二(

C

)4.(2024福州二检)Some

schools

in

Fuzhou

have

built

gardens

on

the

rooftops

for

children

.A.relaxB.relaxingC.to

relax(

B

)5.(2024龙岩二检)After

sharing

different

suggestions，

it’s

time

and

choose

the

best

one.A.discussB.to

discussC.discussingCB一二(

C

)6.(2024南平二检)－It’s

important

to

keep

ahead

on

safety.

－Well.

My

advice

is

some

basic

first-aid

knowledge.A.knowsB.knewC.to

know(

C

)7.(2024三明二检)Live-streaming

(网络直播)

offers

farmers

chances

fruit

and

vegetables

across

the

country.A.sellB.sellingC.to

sellCC一二(

C

)8.(2024厦门二检)Parents

always

expect

their

children

a

joyful

life.A.leadB.leadingC.to

lead(

B

)9.(2024漳州二检)“New

productive

forces”

is

a

hot

topic.

It

means

that

we

should

use

modern

and

better

ways

the

country

grow.A.helpB.to

helpC.helpingCB一二(

B

)10.(2023福州二检)

students’

speaking

ability，

Fuzhou

has

had

man-machine

conversation

oral

exams

these

years.A.TestB.To

testC.Testing(

C

)11.(2023龙岩二检)The

monkeys

were

very

cute

and

we

couldn’t

help

them.A.watchB.to

watchC.watchingBC一二(

C

)12.(2023三明二检)Beijing

is

trying

to

build

more

and

more

pocket

parks

people’s

living

environment.A.improvingB.improveC.to

improve(

B

)13.(2024龙岩二检)－Why

are

you

so

excited？－Guess

what！

I’m

invited

the

concert.A.attendB.to

attendC.attendingCB一二(

A

)14.(2024宁德二检)－Would

you

mind

my

the

window？－Of

course

not.

It

is

really

hot

in

the

living

room.A.openingB.to

openC.open(

C

)15.(2023福州二检)

the

report

on

time，

Emma

asks

all

of

us

to

work

together.A.FinishB.FinishingC.To

finishAC一二(

C

)16.(2023龙岩二检)－Where

do

you

plan

during

the

summer

vacation？－Maybe

I

will

go

to

Shanghai

with

my

parents.A.travelB.travelingC.to

travel(

C

)17.(2023南平二检)Tony

practices

the

guitar

hard

and

often

gives

wonderful

performances.A.playB.to

playC.playingCC一二(

C

)18.(2023福州二检)Doris

made

a

survey

how

many

students

in

our

grade

have

been

to

the

Great

Wall.A.find

outB.found

outC.to

find

out(

C

)19.(2023泉州二检)The

doctor

did

what

he

could

the

girl

who

was

badly

injured

in

the

accident.A.saveB.savingC.to

saveCC一二二、短文填空(节选)1.(2024福建)It

is

best

(know)

as

a

center

for

software(软件)

research，

development

and

services.2.(2024福建)One

day，

an

idea

came

into

his

mind！

He

thought

of

(build)

bow-shaped

arches(拱)

instead

of

stone

supports.