备战2025年高考二轮复习 英语 阅读理解 考点分类练5　推理判断题（3）（含解析）

考点分类练(五)推理判断题(3)Passage1(2024山东聊城一模)主题:独处词数:306难度:★★★☆☆Afewyearsago,IwalkedintoPaneraandplacedmyorder.AsIsatdown,Inoticedthatatthetablenexttome,therewasanoldermanwithacapeatinghissoupalone.Atthesightofthis,afeelingofsadnessbegantowashoverme.Whywasheeatingalone?Washelonely?Didhewantsomeonetokeephimcompany?Thiswasn’tthefirsttimeI’dfeltsadwhenInoticedsomeoneeatingalone.Iautomaticallyassumethey’relonelyandneedsomeonetobethereforthem.Forsomereason,eatingwithotherpeopleisthenorm.Modernsocietyhasevolvedtothepointwheremostpeopleeatwithothersanddoalmosteveryactivitytogether.Ifweneedtogetlunchbeforeaclass,we’dratheraskaroundtoseeifsomeonewillcomewithus.Butisitpossiblewejustdon’twanttoappearlonely?Forme,it’seasytogetpressuredtohavetobearoundotherpeoplewhenIseeeveryoneelsearoundmeaccompaniedbyafriendalmostallthetime.Somanypeoplearealwaysaroundsomeoneelse,andthatmaymakepeoplethinkwealwaysneedsomeonewithustofeelbetteraboutourselves.Butthat’snottrue.Wecanenjoybeingalone.Noteveryoneneedstobeconstantlysurroundedbyfriendstobehappy.Andweshouldn’tbeafraidtoeataloneifthat’swhatwewanttodo.Wedon’thavetodowhateveryoneelsedoes.Ultimately,Idon’tthinkI’llevernotgetsadifIseesomeoneeatingalone,butI’llbearinmindthatmaybetheyjustwantabreakfromtheworld,orthatmaybetheypreferitthatway.It’simportanttorealizeseeingsomeonedoingsomethingalonedoesn’talwaysmeanthey’relonely.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是作者对独处的一些看法。1.WhydoestheauthormentionherexperienceatPaneraafewyearsago?A.Tointroducethetopicofcaringforoldpeople.B.Tostartthediscussionaboutpeopleeatingalone.C.Todescribeamemorableencounter.D.Toillustratethebenefitsofeatingaloneoutside.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Whywasheeatingalone?Washelonely?Didhewantsomeonetokeephimcompany?”和第二段中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimeI’dfeltsadwhenInoticedsomeoneeatingalone.Iautomaticallyassumethey’relonelyandneedsomeonetobethereforthem.”可知,作者提到她几年前在Panera的经历是为了开始讨论人们独自吃饭的问题。2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenormofeatingwithotherpeople?A.Itisagoodwaytoavoidawkwardness.B.Ithelpsmaintainsocialconnections.C.Itiscommonbutdeservesquestioning.D.Itisunreasonableandunacceptable.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Forsomereason,eatingwithotherpeopleisthenorm.Modernsocietyhasevolvedtothepoint...isitpossiblewejustdon’twanttoappearlonely?”可知,作者认为和别人吃饭的这种做法很常见,但值得质疑。3.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenpeoplearoundherhavecompanybutshedoesn’t?A.Uncomfortable. B.Isolated.C.Envious. D.Relaxed.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Forme,it’seasytogetpressuredtohavetobearoundotherpeoplewhenIseeeveryoneelsearoundmeaccompaniedbyafriendalmostallthetime.”可知,当她周围的人都有人陪伴,而她却没有时,作者感到不舒服。4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Socialrelationshipsareunnecessary.B.Peopleneedtobealonetorecharge.C.Lonelinessisunavoidableinourdailylife.D.Beingalonedoesn’tequatetoloneliness.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“It’simportanttorealizeseeingsomeonedoingsomethingalonedoesn’talwaysmeanthey’relonely.”可知,作者想要传达的信息是独处并不等于孤独。Passage2(2024湖南常德一模)主题:完美主义词数:351难度:★★★☆☆“So,Mr.Albert,you’vetoldusaboutyourstrengthsbutwhataboutyourweaknesses?”It’sacommoninterviewquestion.Towhichaclassichumblebrag(谦虚自夸)replyis,“Well,ImustadmitthatI’mabitofaperfectionist.”Afterall,whatcompanywouldn’twanttoemploysomebodywhoseeksperfection?Butitturnsoutthatthereisaprofounddifferencebetweenhigh-achieversandperfectionists.Inacruelirony,theperfectionisttraitscouldactuallypreventsomeonefromachievingtheirfullpotential.Therootsofperfectionismactuallylieinadeepdesiretofeelperfect.Mostoftenaperfectionistpersonalityisformedinreactiontosomeformofchildhoodtrauma.Forexample,followingherparents’divorce,ayounggirlmightstrivetoalwaysbegood,toalwaysbeperfectbecauseatsomelevelshebelievesthatitmusthavebeenherfaultthatherparentsseparated.Soaslongassheisperfect,nothingsoterriblewouldhappenagain.Givensuchorigins,itappearsthatthethinkingandemotionalstylesassociatedwithperfectionismareparticularlydangeroustomentalhealth.Thinkoftheharshestandmercilessperfectionistsyouknow.Theyalways,always,alwaysfindfault.Theircognitive(认知)stylesincludeall-or-nothingthinking,whereonlyperfectionisseenasanacceptableresult;fearoffailure,whereaperfectionistisdrivenbyfearratherthanpulledbytheprospectofsuccessintheirendeavors;defensivenessinthefaceofconstructivecriticism.Alloftheseseemtobelinkedtoawiderangeofpsychologicalproblemsincludingeatingdisorders,anxietyanddepression,andevensuicide.Changingthismindsetisthekeytotreatingtheconditionwhenitbecomesadisorderbutitisdifficulttoachieve.Perfectionistsareessentiallyinanabusiverelationshipwiththemselves.It’shardenoughtowithdrawfromabusiverelationshipswithothers.Howmuchharderisitwhenyouyourselfaretheabuser?Soperhapsabetteranswertotheinterviewquestionposedatthestartofthisarticlewouldbe,“IusedtobeaperfectionistbutnowI’mwellontheroadtorecovery.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了完美主义的特质实际上可能会阻碍一个人充分发挥自己的潜力,解释了完美主义产生的原因以及对心理造成的危险。5.Whydoestheauthormentiontheinterviewquestioninparagraph1?A.Toprovideanexample.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupporttheargument.D.Toattractreaders’interest.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Afterall,whatcompanywouldn’twanttoemploysomebodywhoseeksperfection?Butitturnsoutthatthereisaprofounddifferencebetweenhigh-achieversandperfectionists.Inacruelirony,theperfectionisttraitscouldactuallypreventsomeonefromachievingtheirfullpotential.”可知,作者在第一段提到了面试问题是为了引入话题。6.Whowillmostprobablybecomeaperfectionist?A.Ahigh-achiever.B.Apersonwhoalwaysfindsfault.C.Anoverconfidentman.D.Asonofaviolentalcoholicfather.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mostoftenaperfectionistpersonalityisformedinreactiontosomeformofchildhoodtrauma...nothingsoterriblewouldhappenagain.”可知,完美主义常形成于童年创伤,因此暴力酗酒父亲的儿子最有可能成为完美主义者。故选D项。7.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Perfectionismoftenhasthreedifferenttypes.B.Perfectionismhasabadeffectonphysicalhealth.C.Perfectionismiscausedbyhighpersonalstandard.D.Perfectionismisariskfactorforpsychologicaldisorders.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,第三段主要讲了完美主义是心理障碍的危险因素。8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofperfectionism?A.It’shardforpeopletogetridofit.B.Itdrivespeopletoachievesuccess.C.It’smoreofastrengththanaweakness.D.Itinevitablyleadstomentalproblems.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Changingthismindsetisthekeytotreatingtheconditionwhenitbecomesadisorderbutitisdifficulttoachieve.”可知,作者认为人们很难摆脱完美主义。故选A项。Passage3(2024浙江杭州一模)主题:原谅词数:340难度:★★★★☆Isforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证,通过对比不同的人类本性观点,分析了“原谅”在个体和社区中的作用和意义。9.WhatisDroll’sideaaboutforgiveness?A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.B.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.C.Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.D.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness...whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.”可知,Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性,对他们造成了很大的伤害,他