【英文版】《亚洲颠覆性技术碳捕集、利用与封存 -2020年技术与技术推动者汇编》

CARBONCAPTURE,

UTILIZATION,ANDSTORAGEGAMECHANGERSINASIA

2020COMPENDIUMOF

TECHNOLOGIESANDENABLERS

ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK

CARBONCAPTURE,

UTILIZATION,ANDSTORAGEGAMECHANGERSINASIA

2020COMPENDIUMOF

TECHNOLOGIESANDENABLERS

ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK

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DOI:

/10.22617/TCS210260

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Contents

FiguresandBoxes

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Overview

Game-ChangingCarbonDioxideCaptureTechnologies

SolidSorbentTechnologyforPostcombustionCarbonDioxideCapture

CarbonDioxideCapturefromInternalCombustionEngineExhaust

CompactandModularScalableCarbonDioxideCaptureTechnology

DirectAirCarbonCaptureStorage

Game-ChangingCarbonDioxideUtilizationTechnologies

ElectroMethanol

EconicCatalystTechnologyforUtilizationofCarbonDioxideasaFeedstock

forthePolyurethaneIndustry

LanzaTechGasFermentationProcess

OsakiCoolGenProject:IntegratedCoalGasificationFuelCellCombinedCycle

Allam-FetvedtCycle

Game-ChangingCarbonDioxideUtilizationandStorageTechnology

CarbonCureTechnology

Game-ChangingCarbonDioxideCapture,Utilization,andStorageTechnologyEnabler

CCUSKickStarter

iv

v

vi

vii

viii

1

1

4

7

11

13

13

16

19

23

26

31

31

33

33

FiguresandBoxes

Figures

1

SolidSorbentCarbonDioxideCaptureSchematicDiagram

2

2

CarbonDioxideCapturefromInternalCombustionEngine

5

3

Cross-FlowAbsorberProcess

7

4

RenderingofCompactCarbonCapturePlantatIndustrialScale

8

5

SimpleProcessFlowSchemeofaCompactCarbonCapturePlant

9

6

ProcessDiagramofeMethanolProduction

13

7

CarbonDioxideEmissionsfromClassicFossilCaseandLiquidWindCase

14

8

TimelineofLiquidWindMajorActivities

15

9

CostComparisonofPolymerMadeUsingConventionalCatalystsandEconicCatalysts

16

10

OverviewoftheEconicSupplyChain

17

11

LanzaTechFermentationPlantDiagram–MultipleFeedOptions

20

12

LanzaTechProductStreams

21

13

OsakiCoolGenProjectDiagram

24

14

OsakiCoolGenProjectTimeline

25

15

AllamCycleCoalDiagram

27

16

AllamCycleNaturalGasDiagram

27

17

AllamCycleNaturalGasLevelizedCostofPowerintheUnitedStatesMarket

28

18

AllamCycleCoalLevelizedCostofPowerintheUnitedStatesMarket

29

19

CarbonCureRetrofitTechnology

32

20

SchematicDiagramoftheProposedKickstarterProjectinTeesside,UnitedKingdom

34

Boxes

1ShellGlobalSolutionsSolidSorbentTechnologyforPostcombustion1

CarbonDioxideCaptureKeyFeatures

2

EcolePolytechniqueFederaledeLausanneCarbonDioxideCaptureKeyFeatures

4

3

CompactCarbonCaptureKeyFeatures

7

4

CarbonInfinityDirectAirCarbonCaptureStorageKeyFeatures

11

5

LiquidWindElectroMethanolKeyFeatures

13

6

EconicCatalystKeyFeatures

16

7

LanzaTechGasFermentationProcessKeyFeatures

19

8

OsakiCoolGenIntegratedCoalGasificationFuelCellCombinedCycleProjectKeyFeatures

23

9

NETPowerand8RiversAllam-FetvedtCycleKeyFeatures

26

10

CarbonCureSystemKeyFeatures

31

11

OilandGasClimateInitiativeCCUSKickStarterKeyFeatures

33

Foreword

T

heAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)supports

low-carbondevelopmentalternativesforAsia

andthePacific.Carboncapture,utilization,

andstorage(CCUS)wasidentifiedasanimportant

emergingtechnologyforlow-carbongrowthinAsia.

ADBhassupporteditspromotioninAsiathrougha

dedicatedCarbonCaptureandStorageFund(CCSFund).Thefundissupportedthroughcontributionsfrom

theDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategy,GovernmentoftheUnitedKingdom.

SincetheinceptionoftheCCSFund,ADBhassupportedBangladesh,thePeople’sRepublicofChina,India,Indonesia,Mongolia,Pakistan,

Thailand,andVietNaminexploringCCUS

opportunitiesthroughknowledgesharing,capacitybuildingevents,CCUS-relatedpublications,and

supporttopilotprojects.Asaresult,ithasbecomeclearthatCCUSisacontinuallyevolvingtechnologythatdevelopingmembercountries(DMCs)shouldbemadeawareof.

CarbonCapture,Utilization,andStorageGameChangers

inAsia:2020CompendiumofTechnologiesand

Enablersshowcasesnewandinnovativelow-carbon

technologiesthatarebeingdemonstratedorareintheearlycommercializationstage.Thecollectionfeatureskeyhighlights,advantages,applications,thestatusofdevelopmentandcommercialization,andpotentialfordeploymentinAsia.

Thecompendiumaimstopromotetechnology

investment,transformation,anddeployment,andidentifysupportneededtobringthetechnologiestothepilotand/orearlycommercializationstages.Thisreportintroducesthelatesttechnologiestopolicymakersandpractitionerstoassistinthe

deploymentofthisemerginglow-carbontechnologyatanationallevel.

YongpingZhai

ChiefofEnergySectorGroup

SustainableDevelopmentandClimateChangeDepartmentAsianDevelopmentBank

Acknowledgments

T

hispublicationtitledCarbonCapture,

Utilization,andStorageGameChangersinAsia:

2020CompendiumofTechnologiesandEnablers

waspreparedbytheconsultantteamfromtheAsian

DevelopmentBank(ADB)underregionalTechnical

Assistance9686:IntegratedHighImpactInnovation

inSustainableEnergyTechnology(Subproject2):

PrefeasibilityAnalysisforCarbonCapture,Utilization,andStoragesupportedbytheDepartmentofBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategy,Governmentofthe

UnitedKingdom,throughtheCarbonCaptureandStorageFundundertheCleanEnergyFinancing

PartnershipFacility.

Themaincontributorstothiscompendiumare

8Rivers(AdamGoff);CarbonCureTechnologies(KajaSalovsky);CarbonInfinity(DavidIsikowitz);CompactCarbonCaptureAS(KariForthun,TorleifMadsen);

ÉcolePolytechniqueFédéraledeLausanne(FrancoisMarèchal,ShivomSharma);EconicTechnologies

Limited(RowenaSellens,LeighS.Taylor);

LanzaTech(SangeetJain,PrabhakarNair);LiquidWindAB(TuyaBold,AllieDownes);OGCI(JulienPerez,DeliaMeth-Cohn,JasondelaCruz);OsakiCoolGenCorporation(HaruhitoKubota,TakehisaOkino);andShellGlobalSolutionsInternational

B.V.(StacyBarnes).

Guidanceandsupportinthepreparationofthis

compendiumwereprovidedbyWoochongUm,DirectorGeneralconcurrentlyChiefComplianceOfficer(ADB);RobertGuild,ChiefSectorOfficer(ADB);YongpingZhai,ChiefofEnergySectorGroup(ADB);AndrewJeffries,

CountryDirector(ADB);SujataGupta,Director(ADB);Kee-YungNam,PrincipalEnergySpecialist(ADB);XueduLu,LeadClimateChangeSpecialist(ADB);Jinmiao

Xu,EnergySpecialist(ADB);CharityTorregosa,Senior

EnergyOfficer(ADB);AmparoDato,SeniorOperationsCoordinationOfficer(ADB);MariaDonaAliboso,

OperationsAnalyst(ADB);AngelicaApilado,Senior

OperationsAssistant(ADB);DarshakMehta,Consultant(ADB);RemifeDeGuzman,Consultant(ADB);and,

DanBrianMillison,Consultant(ADB).

PublicationofthiscompendiumwasguidedandsupportedbyDuncanMcLeod,CommunicationsSpecialist(ADB);CynthiaHidalgo,Senior

CommunicationsOfficer(ADB);NorenJose,AssociateCommunicationsOfficer(ADB);AnthonyVictoria,

CommunicationsCoordinator(ADB);RodelBautista,SeniorCommunicationsAssistant(ADB);Ma.KatrinaFernando,CommunicationsAssistant(ADB);and

OliverXavierReyes,Consultant(ADB).Editingand

layoutweresupportedbyMelanieKelleher,copyeditor;

JoelPinaroc,proofreader;LuminaDatamatics,typesetter;andMichaelCortes,coverdesigner.

Abbreviations

CAPEXcapitalexpenditure

CCScarboncaptureandstorage

CCUScarboncapture,utilization,andstorage

COcarbonmonoxide

CO2carbondioxide

DACdirectaircapture

H2hydrogen

IGCCintegratedcoalgasificationcombinedcycle

IGFCintegratedgasificationandcombinedcycleandfuelcell

mtCO2milliontonsofcarbondioxide

MWmegawatt

LHVlowerheatingvalue

tton*

SOFCsolidoxidefuelcell

*Note:“ton”refersto“metricton”equivalentto1,000kilograms.

Overview

T

hiscompendiumdealswithfourinteresting

carbondioxidecapturetechnologies,five

carbondioxideutilizationtechnologies,one

utilizationstoragetechnology,andoneenabler

concept.Thetechnologiespresentedareinvarious

stages,rangingfromresearchanddevelopment

tocommercialdeployment.Theenablerconcept

introducedinthiscompendiumisaninitiativeto

acceleratecollaborationanddeploymentofCCUS.

Thetechnologiesandenablersincludedinthis

compendiumwerefurnishedbyCCUStechnology

providersandenablersthroughtheirresponsesto

ane-mailquestionnairepreparedbytheconsultant

teamoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)throughregionaltechnicalassistance(TA9686-REG),

IntegratedHighImpactInnovationinSustainable

EnergyTechnology(Subproject2):Prefeasibility

AnalysisforCarbonCapture,Utilization,andStorage.

ADBwouldliketoclarifythatthecompendiumisnotexhaustive.Otherideasareavailableandmayalso

beaddedtothisbut—becauseoftimeconstraints—theyarenotaddedhere.ADBlooksforwardtootheropportunitiestoaddtothiscollectionofideason

CCUS,whichcouldhelpADBdevelopingmembercountriesachievelow-carbongrowth.

Game-ChangingCarbonDioxideCaptureTechnologies

SolidSorbentTechnologyforPostcombustion

CarbonDioxideCapture

Technologyprovider

ShellGlobalSolutionswithViennaGreenCO2ConsortiumMembers

Technologydescription

Thesolidsorbenttechnologyisaninnovative

processthatseparatescarbondioxide(CO2)fromfluegasstreamsinacontinuoustemperatureswingadsorptionfluidizedbedprocessusingasolid

adsorbent,anddelivershighcaptureperformance,lowercapturecosts,andlowemissions.Atlow

temperatures(about50°C),CO2isfirstadsorbed

inafirstmultistagedfluidizedbed(adsorber)

whereheatisreleasedduetotheexothermicity

oftheadsorptionreaction.Theadsorbentisthen

transportedinarisertoasecondmultistaged

fluidizedbed(desorber)viaheatexchangers,where

thepreviouslyboundCO2isreleasedusingsteamatatemperatureof120°C.Inthisway,theadsorbentisregenerated(inacontinuousprocess)andcanbereturnedtotheadsorberwhereitisagainavailableforCO2capture.AfluidizablesolidsorbentmaterialisusedwhereCO2canbeveryselectivelybound

toactiveaminegroupsthataretetheredonthesorbentsurface.Thesorbentuseddisplayshightemperatureandmechanicalstabilityandasa

result,producesverylowemissionswithouttheneedforexpensivepost-treatment.Theprocess

containsnoliquidwater;therefore,lower-cost

constructionmaterialscanbeusedcomparedtoliquidaminetechnologies.

Technologyhighlightsandadvantages

Itwasdemonstratedthatthenewprocesscan

separateover90%oftheCO2fromtheindustrial

gasandthatthisCO2hasapurityofover95%(dry

basis),evenatinflowconcentrationsoflessthan4%byvolume.Withoutanyfluegaspost-treatment,

theatmosphericemissionsfromthisprocesswere

significantlylessthan1milligram/normalcubicmeter(mg/Nm3)ofammoniaandbelowthedetection

limit(<0.2mg/Nm3)forotherpotentialdegradationproducts.TheCO2wasfoundtobe—inprinciple—suitableforgreenhousefertilization.

Box1:ShellGlobalSolutionsSolidSorbent

TechnologyforPostcombustionCarbon

DioxideCaptureKeyFeatures

TechnologyHighlights

•Separatesover90%ofCO2fromindustrialgases

•Achievesover95%CO2purity

•Costs25%lowerthanliquidamineseparationtechnologies

DevelopmentStage

•Commercialdemonstration

SectorsofApplication

•Postcombustionfluegasapplications

2CarbonCapture,Utilization,andStorageGameChangersinAsia

Figure1:SolidSorbentCarbonDioxideCaptureSchematicDiagram

Clean

fluegas

1

2

1.Adsorber

2.Desorber

3.RichHEX

4.LeanHEX

5.Pre-desorber

6.Purgegas

7.Dilutiongas

N2

6

Steam

Fluegas

3

5

CO2product+steam

N2

7

4

CO2=carbondioxide,HEX=heatexchanger,N2=nitrogengas.Source:ShellGlobalSolutions.

Relatedcosts

EconomicassessmentofthetechnologyhasshownthatseparationcostspertonofCO2areupto25%lower

comparedtostate-of-the-artliquidaminetechnologies.

PotentialapplicationinAsiaandtheworldThetechnologyappliestoallpostcombustionfluegassources.

Statusandnextsteps

NowthattheViennaGreenCO2projecthasbeencompleted,thepilotplantwillbetransferredtothe

NetherlandsandrecommissionedtocaptureCO2fromanotherindustrialsite.Inparallel,Shellwillcontinuetoworkinpartnershipstofurthermaturethistechnologyandisplanningtodevelopademonstrationprojectat

asignificantlylargerscale(about150tons/dayCO2

capture).TheTulipGreenCO2demonstrationproject

willbethefinalupscalingstepbeforedeploymentofthetechnologyatfullcommercialscale.

Challengesinscale-upanddeployment

Thesolidsorbenttechnologyhasshownpotentialfordeliveringhighperformancewithlowercostsandlow

Game-ChangingCarbonDioxideCaptureTechnologies3

emissions.Furtherde-riskingwillbedoneonlargerscalecoldflowmodelsofthefluidizedbedreactorstoensuregoodgasandsoliddistributionaswellas

efficientheattransfer.Shell’sambitionistobeanet-zerocarboncompanyby2050.Insupportofthis

ambition—andcontinuingthecollaborativeapproach—theTulipGreenCO2projectwillprovideanopportunityforpartieswithsimilarambitionstopartnerinthe

developmentofgame-changingCO2capturetechnology.EngagingwithpotentialpartnersacrosstheCCUSvaluechainwillbeafocusoftheproject.

Technologyproviderbackground

ThenowcompletedViennaGreenCO2consortium

projectaimedatdesigning,constructing,

operatingacirca1ton/daypilotCO2capture

plant,andevaluatingthesuitabilityofproduced

CO2forgreenhousefertilizationinAustria.After

promisinglabexperimentsin2013,theconsortiumprojectlaunchedin2015.Theteamconsistedof

twouniversities(ViennaUniversityofTechnology-TUWien,andtheUniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciences-BOKU),atechnologyprovider(ShellGlobalSolutionsInternational),aplant

manufacturer(BertschEnergy),aheatintegrationspecialist(M-tec),anend-user(WienEnergie),

andpotentialCO2off-takers(lkprojektandLGVFrischgemuese).

Contactperson:StacyBarnes

CommercialLeadBreakthroughCO2CaptureTechnology

E-mail:Stacy.Barnes2@S

Suggestionsforfurtherreading

•Shell.2020.Positiveresultsfromthe

ViennaGreenCO2pilotplant.YouTube.2June.

/watch?v=tv6mEAsCP5U

.

•EnergyInnovationAustria.2017.ViennaGreenCO2.Newseparationprocesstocapturecarbondioxide

fromexhaustgases.

https://www.energy-innovation-austria.at/article/

viennagreenco2-2/?lang=en

.

•Shell.2018.The“ViennaGreenCO2”PilotPlantforSeparatingCarbonDioxideGoesintoOperationinSimmering(translatedtoEnglish).21June.

https://www.shell.at/medien/shell-

presseinformationen/2018/vienna-green-co2-

pilotanlage-eroffnung.html

.

•TheOilandGasClimateInitiative.2020.

/posts/the-

oil-and-gas-climate-initiative_positive-

results-from-viennagreenco2-pilot-activity-

6684437763212775424-Af5y/

.

•A.BhalodiandK.GrigoriadouandM.Infantino

andJ.vandeGraafandS.VanPaasen.2018.14th

InternationalConferenceonGreenhouseGas

ControlTechnologies,GHGT-14paper:Process

developmentforlargescalesolidsorbentpost

combustionCO2capturetechnologyforapplicationtonaturalgasfiredpowerstations.

/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_

id=3366391

.

4CarbonCapture,Utilization,andStorageGameChangersinAsia

CarbonDioxideCapture

fromInternalCombustion

EngineExhaust

Technologyprovider

ÉcolePolytechniqueFédéraledeLausanne,Switzerland

Technologydescription

Theproposedcarbondioxide(CO2)capturesystem

cancapture90%CO2frominternalcombustion

engineswithoutanyenergypenalty.Aninternal

combustionenginehasatypicalefficiencyofabout

30%,whichmeans70%offuelenergyislostaswasteheat(exhaustgasesandcoolingsystem).Thesystemincludesatemperatureswingadsorption(TSA)cycle,heatrecoveryfromexhaustgases,Rankinecycle,heatpump,andproductCO2compression.Amine-dopedadsorbentsareusedforCO2capture,astheyshow

goodperformanceinthepresenceofwater.AsshowninFigure2,theRankinecycleuseswasteheatfrom

exhaustgasesandproducesmechanicalpower.PartofthemechanicalpowergeneratedbytheRankinecycleisusedtoproducecoldutilityusingaCO2-basedheat

pump.Thiscoldutilityisusedtoremovetheheatof

adsorptionandcooltheexhauststreamtocondensethewater.TheremainingmechanicalpowergeneratedbytheRankinecycleisusedtocompressandliquefytheproductCO2.

TSAisanemergingtechnologyforCO2capturethatrequireslow-gradewasteheatthatmaybeavailableclosetotheCO2emissionsource(suchasheat

fromexhaustgases).InaTSAcycle,coldexhaustgasesarepassedthroughtheadsorbentbed,whereCO2isadsorbedinthematerialandtheremaininggasesarereleasedintotheenvironment.OncetheadsorbentbedissaturatedwithCO2,itisheated

torecovertheCO2fromthematerial.AfterCO2

recoveryfromtheadsorbentbed,itiscooleddownfromthedesorptiontemperaturetotheadsorptiontemperature.Notethatheatisremoved(atlow

temperature)duringtheadsorptionstep,whereasheatissupplied(athightemperature)duringthedesorptionstepoftheTSAcycle.

Box2:EcolePolytechniqueFederale

deLausanneCarbonDioxideCapture

KeyFeatures

TechnologyHighlights

•Energyself-sufficient,requiresnoexternalpower

•Canbeintegratedintomobilitysystems

•CapturedCO2canbetransformedintoliquidorgaseousfuel

CO2Capture

•Upto90%ofemittedCO2

DevelopmentStage

•Researchanddevelopment

SectorsofApplication

•Transportation

•Shipping

•Power

•Industries

ACO2capturesystemwithliquidstoragecanbeintegratedintodifferenttypesofvehiclessuchascars,trucks,buses,ships,andtrains.Theadded

weightofthecapturesystemwithliquidstorageincludestheweightsofCO2,thestoragetank,

andadsorbentmaterial.ThesystemmayalsobeusedforCO2capturefromothersources,suchasships,refineries,powerplants,andcementand

aluminumindustries.

Technologyhighlightsandadvantages

(i)Upto90%oftheproducedCO2canbecaptured.

(ii)Thesystemhasenergyself-sufficiencyanddoesnotrequireanyexternalpower.

(iii)Theexergyanalysisshowsthatthereisan

opportunitybysystemintegrationtogeneratecold,heat,andworkthatisneededto

captureCO2usingtheenergyavailableintheexhaustgases.

Game-ChangingCarbonDioxideCaptureTechnologies5

Heat

Heat

Exchanger

RankineCycle

Heat

Rejection

Desorption150

Preheating30→150°C

Power

To

atmosphere

Precooling150→30

HeatPump

Cold

Heat

Exchanger

Coldexhauststream25°C,1bar

▲

Water

Adsorption30°C

°C

°C

Figure2:CarbonDioxideCapturefromInternalCombustionEngine

AirDiesel

ICEngine

MechanicalPower

°C

ProductCO225,75bar

Power

Exhaust

stream

Product

Coolant

Heat

Exchanger

Compressors

500°C,1bar

CO2

TSACycle

°C=degreeCelsius,CO2=carbondioxide,IC=internalcombustion,TSA=temperatureswingadsorption.Source:ÉcolePolytechniqueFédéraledeLausanne,Switzerland.

(iv)Thesystemcanbeintegratedintotheoverallmobilitysystem(fueltointernalcombustionenginetoCO2capturetoCO2conversiontofuel),wherecapturedCO2canberecycledasliquidorgaseousfuelproducedusingexcessrenewableenergy.

(v)TheCO2capturesystemcanbearetrofitoptionforinternalcombustionenginesoftrucks,buses,andshipswithoutanymajorchangesinthe

existingvehicles.

Processdiagram

TheconceptoftheCO2capturesystemshownin

Figure2includesexhaustcooling,Rankinecycle,heatpump,TSAcycle,andproductCO2compression.

Componentsofthesesystemsincludeturbines,

compressors,heatexchangers,vessels,andadsorbentmaterials.DetailsoftheCO2capturesystemcanbefoundinSharmaandMaréchal(FrontiersinEnergy

Research7:143,2019).

Relatedcosts

Theproposedsystemcanbeacost-effectivesolution,withoutrequiringmajorchangestoexistingvehicles.TheCO2capturesystemhasturbines,compressors,

heatexchangers,vessels,andadsorbentmaterial.

Differentindustrieshavemasteredthecost-effectiveandmassproductionofturbines,compressors,heat

exchangers,andvessels.Thesepartsofthesystem

mightbeavailablecommerciallyorcanbeproducedintherequiredsizes.

PotentialapplicationinAsiaandotherregions

(i)Thissolutioncanbeusedintrucks,buses,

trains,andships,andcanbeaninterim

solutionbeforethecommercialemergenceofalternativetechnologiessuchashydrogenandfuelcells.

(ii)TheproductCO2fromthesystemcan

besequesteredundergroundorusedas

feedstocktoproducegasorliquidgreen

fuelsandchemicals.CO2canbeconvertedintodifferentcarbon-basedfuelsusing

renewableelectricity.

Statusandnextste