《生态茶园建设与管理》-课件：任务14 茶叶采摘

TeaPicking茶叶采摘目录Contents茶叶采摘既是茶叶生产的收获过程，也是茶园增产提质的重要树冠管理措施。Teapickingisnotonlytheharvestingprocessofteaproductionbutalsoanimportantcanopymanagementmeasuretoincreaseproductionandimprovethequalityofteaplantations.一、采摘标准Pickingstandards三、采摘时期Pickingperiod二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping四、采摘技术要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements合理采摘(reasonablepicking)：一、采摘标准Pickingstandards是指在一定的环境条件下，通过采摘技术，借以促进茶树的营养生长、控制生殖生长，协调采与养、量与质之间的矛盾，从而达到多采茶、采好茶、提高茶叶经济效益的目的。Reasonablepickingundercertainenvironmentalconditionspromotesvegetativegrowthandcontrolsthereproductivegrowthofteatrees.Finally,toachievethebalanceofpickingandmaintenance,therebyimprovingteaqualityandyield.合理采摘的主要技术内容包括以下三个内容，分别为：Themainrequirementsofreasonablepickingincludethefollowingthreecontents:1.标准采：按一定的芽叶数量和嫩度标准进行采摘。1.Standardpicking:pickingaccordingtoacertainconditionofleavesandtenderness.一、采摘标准Pickingstandards2.留叶采（中心环节）：根据茶树不同发育时期，不同发育状况，留一定数量真叶采摘，以培养树势，延长采摘期和高产期。2.Leaf-keepingpicking(Important):Accordingtothedifferentdevelopmentstagesandconditionsofteatrees,acertainnumberoftherealleavesareleftwhilepicking,tocultivatetreevigorandextendthehigh-yieldpickingperiod.一、采摘标准Pickingstandards3.适时采：根据采摘标准和留叶，及时、分批、多次采。3.Pickattherighttime:Accordingtotherequirementsforpickingandleaf-keeping,timely,batchandmultiplepicking.一、采摘标准Pickingstandards标准采即采摘的标准是指从一定的新梢上采下芽叶的大小与多少。采摘标准分细嫩采、适中采、成熟采三大类。Standardpicking:pickingacertainsizeandnumberofbudsandleavesfromyoungshootThepickingstandardsaredividedintothreecategories:tenderpicking,moderatepicking,andmaturepicking.一、采摘标准Pickingstandards细嫩采是高档名优茶的采摘标准，指采摘茶芽萌发膨大或1－2片嫩叶初展时的鲜叶。Tenderpicking

isforhigh-endtea,

whichreferstopickingfreshleaveswhentheteabudsgerminateandexpandorwhen1-2youngleavesfirstunfold.一、采摘标准Pickingstandards一、采摘标准PickingstandardsBudonly(specialgrad)Onebudandoneleaf(firstgrad)Onebudandtwoleaves(secondgrad)适中采这是红、绿茶最普遍的采摘标准，指采摘一芽二、三叶和同等嫩度的对夹叶的鲜叶。Moderatepickingisthemostcommonpickingstandardforblackteaandgreentea.Itreferstopickingfreshleaveswithonebudandtwoorthreeleaves,orleavesofequaltenderness.一、采摘标准Pickingstandards成熟采这是部分特种茶采用的标准，指采摘一芽三、四叶，一芽五、六叶的鲜叶。Maturepickingisthestandardadoptedbysomespecialteas,whichreferstopickingfreshleaveswithonebudwiththreeorfourleaves,andonebudwithfiveorsixleaves.一、采摘标准Pickingstandards采摘标准的确定Determinationofpickingstandards：依据加工茶类的要求确定采摘标准Determinepickingstandardsbasedonrequirementsforprocessedtea名优红绿茶：采1芽、1芽1叶初展或1芽2叶初展Famousblackteaandgreentea:pick1bud,1budand1leaf,or1budand2leaves一、采摘标准Pickingstandards大宗红绿茶：采1芽2、3叶Ordinaryblackteaandgreentea:pick1bud,2or3leaves黄茶：采1芽至1芽4、5叶Yellowtea:pick1budto1budand4or5leaves黑茶：采1芽5、6叶的成熟枝梢Darktea:pickmaturebrancheswith1budand5or6leaves一、采摘标准Pickingstandards白茶：采1芽至1芽2叶Whitetea:pick1budto1budand2leaves青茶：采1芽3、4叶Oolongtea:pick1budand3or4leaves一、采摘标准Pickingstandards依据新梢生育和气候特点确定采摘标准Determinepickingstandardsbasedonnewshootgrowthandclimatecharacteristics例：龙井茶原料的采摘。Example:PickingofLongjingtea.清明前后：采单芽、1芽1、2叶初展；BeforeandaftertheQingmingFestival:picksinglebuds,1budand1,2leavesfirstunfold一、采摘标准Pickingstandards采摘标准的确定Determinationofpickingstandards：例：龙井茶原料的采摘。Example:PickingofLongjingtea.谷雨后：采1芽2叶和1芽3叶初展及同等嫩度对夹叶AfterGrainRain:Pick1budwith2leavesand1budwith3leavesatthebeginningofdevelopmentandthesametenderness,thencliptheleaves夏季：采1芽3叶开展及同等嫩度对夹叶等。Summer:Pick1budand3leavestounfoldandcliptheleaveswiththesametenderness.一、采摘标准Pickingstandards二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping留叶标准是指采去芽叶后留在新梢上叶片的多少。Thestandardofleafkeepingreferstothenumberofleavesleftontheyoungshootsafterteapicking.适当的留叶养树，能维持茶树正常而旺盛的生长势。留叶标准分为打顶采、留真叶采、留鱼叶采三类。Properleaf-keepingcanmaintainthevigorousgrowthofteatrees.Thestandardsofleaf-keepingaredividedintothreecategories:toppicking,trueleaf-keepingpicking,andfish-shapedleaf-keepingpicking.打顶采：指新梢展叶5－6片叶子以上，或新梢即将停止生长时，采一芽二、三叶，留三、四片真叶。（这种方式以养为主：采高养低、采顶留侧，促进分枝，培养树冠。）Toppicking:whenthenewshootshavemorethan5-6leaves,orwhenthenewshootsareabouttostopgrowing,onebudandtwoorthreeleavesarepicked,leavingthreeorfourtrueleaves.(Pickterminalbudtopromotelateralbranchgrowthandobtainfoliagecover.)二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping留真叶采：指新梢长到一芽三、四叶或一芽四、五叶时，采一芽二、三叶，留一、二片真叶。（这是一种采养结合的采摘方式）。Trueleaf-keepingpicking:Itmeansthatwhentheyoungshootsgrowtoonebudwiththreeorfourleavesoronebudwithfourorfiveleaves,onebudwithtwoorthreeleavesshouldbepicked,leavingoneortwotrueleaves.(Thisisapickingmethodthattakesintoaccountbothconsumptionwithmaintenance)二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping留一叶Keeponetrueleaf二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping留二叶Keeptwotrueleaves留鱼叶采：指采下芽或一芽一至三叶，只留鱼叶，这是以采为主的采摘方式。Fishshapeleaf-keepingpicking:Itreferstopickingoffthetopyoungbudsandleaves,onlytokeepthefishshapeleaf.Thisisthemainpickingmethod.留鱼叶Fishshapeleaf-keeping二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping留叶标准的确定：根据树势确定留叶标准。Determinationofleaf-keepingstandards:basedontreevigor.幼年茶树以养为主Youngteatreesaremainlymaintained二足龄：超60cm，进行打顶采。Two-year-oldtrees:toppickingwhentheheightexceeds60cm二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping三足龄：春季打顶采，夏季留真叶采，秋季留鱼叶采。Three-year-oldtrees:toppickinginspring,trueleaf-keepingpickinginsummer,andfish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.四足龄：春夏留真叶采，秋季留鱼叶采。Four-year-oldtrees:trueleaf-keepingpickinginspringandsummer,fish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping成年茶树以采为主Matureteatreesaremainlyforharvesting管理水平高的，茶树长势好的，叶片多的茶园全年留鱼叶采。管理水平一般的茶园春夏留一叶采，秋留鱼叶采。fish-shapedleaf-keepingpickingallyearroundwhenteatreeshavegreatfoliagecoverwithgoodmanagementlevelsandgoodtreevigor.Otherwise,onetrueleaf-keepingpickinginspringandsummer,fish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping更新茶树以养为主Teatreesintherecoveryperiodaremainlymaintained重修剪：春梢不采，夏茶打顶采，秋茶留鱼叶采。Heavypruning(Prunebranchesabove30-40cmfromtheground):nopickinginspring,toppickinginsummer,andfish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping台刈后茶树：头年春夏不采，秋茶末打顶采。第二年夏茶打顶采，秋茶留鱼叶。Aftermowing:nopickinginthefirstspringandsummer,toppickinginautumn.Fromthesecondyear,toppickinginspringandsummer,fish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.二、留叶标准Standardsofleafkeeping三、采摘时期Pickingperiod采摘时期是指茶树新梢在生长期间，根据采摘标准和留叶标准而确定的各茶季开采期和停采期。Thepickingperiodreferstothepickingandstop-pickingperiodwhichisdeterminedaccordingtothepickingstandardsandleaf-keepingstandardsduringeachteaseasonwhentheyoungshootsofteatreesgrow.开采期Startpickingperiod手采的开采期：一般为茶园中有10%－15%的新梢达到采摘标准和留叶标准即可开采。Whentostarthand-picking:10%-15%oftheyoungshootsintheteaplantationmeetthepickingstandardsandleaf-keepingstandards.三、采摘时期Pickingperiod开采期Startpickingperiod机采的开采期：一般为春茶以一芽二、三叶和同等嫩度的对夹叶比例达到70%－80%，夏、秋茶因持嫩性差，达到60%时开采。Whentostartmechanicalpicking:generally,inspring,one-tipwithtwoorthreeleaves,orthesametendernessleavesreaches70%-80%inplantationandaround60%insummerandautumnduetothehightemperature.三、采摘时期Pickingperiod停采期Stoppickingperiod指一年中结束采摘工作的时间，也称封园。江北茶区10月上旬就可停采，华南茶区可采至12月份。Referstothetimeofyearwhenpickingworkends,alsoknownasplantationclosure.InChina,teaplantationinthenorthoftheYangtzeRivercanstopharvestinginearlyOctober,whiletheteaplantationinSouthChinacanstopharvestinguntilDecember.三、采摘时期Pickingperiod手采技术：手采分掐采、提手采、双手采三种采摘方式。Handpicking:pinchpicking,liftpickingandtwohandspicking四、采摘技术要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements掐采：指食指和拇指的指尖夹住嫩芽或细嫩的一芽一叶，折断采下。适合呈细嫩采摘，速度慢，效益低。Pinchpicking:Usethetipsofyourindexfingerandthumbtopinchthebudsortenderleaves,breakshootsoffandpluckthem.Suitablefortenderpicking,slowspeedandlowefficiency.四、采摘技术要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements掐采Pinchpicking提手采：指掌心向下或向上，用拇指指尖和食指侧面夹住新梢，向上稍用力采下。Liftpicking:Withthepalmofyourhandpointingdownwardsorupwards,holdtheyoungshootbetweenthetipofyourthumbandthesideofyourindexfinger,andpullitoutwithalittleforce.提手采Liftpicking四、采摘技术要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements双手采：动作和提手采的手法相同，主要是两手比较靠近，相互配合，交替进行，把符合标准的芽叶采下。Twohandspicking:Themovementsarethesameasliftpicking.Themainthingisthattwohandscancooperatewitheachother,makepickingfaster.手采技术要求Handpickingtechnicalrequirements:快、净、低、平。Fast,notenderleavesresidue,,flat.四、采摘技术要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements双手采Twohandspicking四、采摘技术要求Pickingtechnical