专题13阅读理解之主旨大意题解题方法-2021年高考英语题型大冲关

高考阅读理解专题之主旨大意题解题方法高考阅读理解专题之主旨大意题解题方法知识导图知识导图要要点精析（一）、题型概述主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明的中心话题。把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章主旨大意的理解和概括能力。考题中往往出现下列词语：subject，topic，theme，title，mainidea等。主旨大意题的设问特点可以大致归纳为以下：1．就文章的标题提问。2．就某段的中心思想或主题提问。3．就全文的中心思想或主题提问。（二）、选项特点1．正确选项的特点(1)通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词。(2)能概括文章或段落的主要内容。2．干扰项的特点(1)以偏概全。概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容(也就是文章的局部信息)或文章主题的一个侧面。(2)断章取义。以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。(3)主题扩大。归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。(4)似是而非。关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后会发现它与文章的内容毫无联系。(5)张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。（三）、解题过程中应该注意的问题做这类题时常用略读法。略读法是抓段落要点的捷径。找出各个段落的主题句，然后把它们联系起来就很容易概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精练的表达，标题要能概括文章的主题，范围既不能过大也不能太片面。此外，在选择文章标题时，还应注意语言方面的特点：精练、醒目、含义深刻等。（四）、命题方式常见的命题方式有：1．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?2．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?3．What’sthemainideaofthetext?4．Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisprobablythat.（五）、技法点拨1.标题归纳类标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。【典例剖析】Muchinformationcanbeclearlyconveyed，purelythroughoureyes，sotheexpression“eyesalsotalk”isoftenheard.Canyourecallanyexperiencethatfurtherprovesthisstatement？Onabusyoumayquicklyglanceatastranger,butnotmakeeyecontact.Ifhesensesthatheisbeingstaredat,hemayfeelunfortable.Itisthesameindailylife.Ifyouarelookedatformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddowntoseeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeelangryaboutother'sstareatyouthatway.Eyesdospeak,right?Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitestostaringattheoppositesex.Ifamanlooksatawomanformorethan10secondsandrefusestoaverthisgaze,hisintentionsareobvious.Thatis,hewishestoattractherattention,tomakeherunderstandthatheisadmiringher.However,thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking,totellhimthatheisattentive.Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeaking,asifhetriestodominateyou，youwillfeeldisconcerted.Apoorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim，sincehebelievesthefalseideathattolookstraightintheeyeisasignofhonestmunication.Infact，continuouseyecontactisconfinedtoloversonly，whowillenjoylookingateachothertenderlyforalongtime,toshowaffectionthatwordscannotexpress.Evidently,eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandspecificsituation.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．EyesCanSpeak.B．EyeContactMatters.C．Don'tStareatOthers.D．UseYourEyeContact.答案A[解析]标题归纳题。根据文中第一段的相关内容再结合下文对“眼睛会说话”这一观点进行举例说明可知，文章的标题就是“眼睛会说话”，故选A项。文章大意类每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。有些文章有明确的主题句，对于这类文章，寻找主题句多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不用逐句细看，只要选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索与主题相关的信息。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。(2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。(4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主题句，而后又做进一步的解释。【典例剖析】Forsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic.”Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicalnotes(音调).Amusicpeopleoftencannottellthedifferencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwonotesiftheyareveryfarapartonthemusicalscale. Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicsparethesoundofmusictopiecesofmetalhittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.Theirinabilitytoenjoymusicsetthemapartfromothers.Itcanbedifficultforotherpeopletoidentifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograspwhatitfeelsliketobeamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmallcanbeunfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionallystayawayfromplaceswherethereismusic.However,thiscanresultinwithdrawalandsocialisolation.“Iusedtohateparties,”saysMargaret,aseventyyearoldwomanwhoonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatshewasamusic.BystudyingpeoplelikeMargaret,scientistsarefinallylearninghowtoidentifythisunusualcondition. Scientistssaythatthebrainsofamusicsaredifferentfromthebrainsofpeoplewhocanappreciatemusic.Thedifferenceisplex,anditdoesn’tinvolvedefectivehearing.Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.Theyalsohavenoproblemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistspareamusicstopeoplewhojustcan’tseecertaincolors. Manyamusicsarehappywhentheirconditionisfinallydiagnosed(诊断).Foryears,Margaretfeltembarrassedaboutherproblemwithmusic.Nowsheknowsthatsheisnotalone.Thereisanameforhercondition.Thatmakesiteasierforhertoexplain.“Whenpeopleinvitemetoaconcert,Ijustsay,“Nothanks,I’m‘amusic,’”saysMargaret.“IjustwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwasseventeenandnotseventy.” Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?A.Amusics’strangebehaviours. B.Somepeople’sinabilitytoenjoymusic.C.Musicaltalentandbrainstructure. D.Identificationandtreatmentofamusics.答案B[解析]主旨大意。整篇文章主要讲述―一些人没有欣赏音乐的能力.要准确深刻地理解一篇文章，则必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉。文章的第一段告诉读者：大约4%的人音乐对于他们而言，没有任何乐趣可言，他们没有辨别与再现音调的能力；第二段讲述歌曲对于没有乐感的人来说听起来像噪音，以及由此给他们的生活带来的不便；第三段分析了原因，是因为他们的大脑与能欣赏音乐的人的大脑不同造成的，但这又不同于有听力障碍的人；最后一段以Margaret为例，说明他们的这种状况最终得以诊断。因此，可以排除A项―没有乐感的人奇怪行为C项―音乐才能与大脑结构以及D项―没乐感的人的区别与治疗，锁定答案B项。3．段落大意类每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。一般说来，采用归纳法写的段落主题句出现在段尾；采用演绎法写的段落主题句出现在段首；若文章按照“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式来写，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，文章中没有出现主题句，要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。主题句的把握：开门见山：提出主题——细节论述——阐明主题；段末点睛：细节描述——归纳要点——概括主题；段中点旨：细节描述——归纳主题——解释说明。【典例剖析】Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn，butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive(认知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.B．Studyingbabies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.C．Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D．One’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybeestrongerashegrows.答案B[解析]段落大意题。根据本段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲“研究孩子的游戏可以让人们更好地理解科学”，故选B。课堂典例课堂典例1.标题归纳类【典例】Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator（猎食动物）getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"hurt"adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdseout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpserunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,either.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Doanimalslie?B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?C.Howdoanimalslearntolie? D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?答案A[解析]标题归纳题。本文认为说谎可以帮助动物生存，并举出几个鸟类和其它动物的欺诈行为例子来证明这个观点。A项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。【典例】Shadbolt,

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says.Theshockandangerwhenasocialmediafirmdoessomethingwithdatathatpeopledon’texpect,evenifusershaveapparentlypermission,showthatthecurrentsituationisn’tworking.Ifproperlyadministered,akitemarkontermsandconditionscouldhelppeopleknowwhatexactlytheyaresigningupto.Althoughtheywouldstillhavetoactuallyreadthem.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Saynotosocialmedia?B.Newsecurityrulesinoperation?C.Acceptwithoutreading?D.Administrationmatters!答案C[解析]标题概括题。现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。故C项“未阅读就接受？”复合文章中心思想。2.文章大意类【典例】Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstincttohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort，aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingmongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills，atleastwhenparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat，evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.Thepassageismainlyabout.A．thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB．waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionalityC．cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD．thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren答案C[解析]主旨大意题。本文属于科普说明文，作者从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类具有愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能的原因。A、B、D三项都属于文章的部分内容，并非中心思想。故C项正确。段落大意类【典例】Inthefilmreview,whatisParagraphAmainlyabout?A.Theintroductiontotheleadingroles. B.Thewriter’sopinionofacting.C.Thewriter’smentsonthestory. D.Thebackgroundinformation.答案D[解析]段落大意题。节选的文章第一段主要介绍故事片的导演、影片人物、获奖情况及它绝对是一部精彩的卡通喜剧片。由此可知本段是讲述影片的大致背景情况。【典例】◆SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassionfordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.TodayPacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbeingsinquirybasedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandmunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It’sanamazingacplishmentandonecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.What’sthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toadvertiseingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.答案A[解析]段落大意题。根据最后一段标题SupportPacificScienceCenter和信息句VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.可知作者呼吁读者支持PacificScienceCenter，也就是鼓励人们为之捐赠。故选A项。实战演练实战演练Readingprehension(A) "Don'ttellanyone".Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous.Butitcanbehardtokeepasecret.We'reoftentemptedto"spillthebeans",evenifweregretitlater. AccordingtoAsimShah,professorintheMenningerDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciencesatBaylorCollegeofMedicine,US,keepingasecretmaywell"beeaburden".Thisisbecausepeopleoftenhavean"obsessive（无法摆脱的）andanxiousurgetoshareitwithsomeone". Anearlierstudy,ledbyAnitaE.Kelly,ascientistattheUniversityofNotreDame,US,suggestedthatkeepingasecretcouldcausestress.Peopleentrustedwithsecretscansufferfromdepression,anxiety,andbodyaches,reportedtheDailyMail. Butwithsecretssooftengettingout,whydopeoplesharethematall?Shahexplainedthatpeopleoftenfeelthatitwillhelpthemkeepapersonasafriend.Anotherreasonpeoplesharesecretsisguiltoverkeepingitfromsomeoneclosetothem.Asenseofdistrustcandevelopwhenpeoplewhoareclosedonotshareitwitheachother."Keepingorsharingsecretsoftenputspeopleinapositionofeithergainingorlosingthetrustofsomeone,"accordingtoShah. Headdedthattalkativepeoplecouldletsecretsslipout.Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatitisagoodideaonlytosharesecretswithquietpeople.Aquietpersonmaybesomeonewhokeepseverythinginside.Totellsuchapersonasecretmaycausethemstress,andmakethemtalkaboutthesecret. Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret,you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition.Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgivetheinformationaway.Shahalsoremendedthatifyouaccidentallygiveupsomeone'ssecretyoushouldecleanaboutit.Letthepersonknowthattheirsecretisn'tsosecretanymore.1. Theunderlinedphrase"spillthebean"isclosestinmeaningto_____. A.letoutasecret B.tellthetruth C.eatourwords D.takegossip2. Apersonwhoisentrustedwithasecret______. A.isoftenobsessedwithacertainthreat B.oftenwouldrathernothavebeentoldaboutit C.usuallyhasastrongdesiretokeepituntildeath D.maysufferfromphysicalorpsychologicalproblems3. Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? A.Quietpeoplearemorelikelytokeepthesecretstothemselves. B.Sharingsecretshelpsestablishfriendshiporgetoverthesenseofguilt. C.It’sbettertoinformothersofthechancesofyourleakingsecretsbeforehand. D.Puttingyourselfinothers’shoeshelpsrealizethedifficultyofkeepingsecrets.4. What'sthebesttitleforthepassage? A.Wallshaveears. B.Stilltonguesmakewiseheads. C.Awordspokenispastrecalling. D.Everywallhasacrack.【答案】ADD.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章提到保守秘密的人会因为秘密而造成压力，从而可能会有心理和生理方面的问题。且分析了人们为何要分享秘密的原因，以及建议人们不要和他人分享秘密，和如果偶然泄露了别人的秘密，一定要及时告知受到影响的人。【1题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文"Don'ttellanyone",Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous.Butitcanbehardtokeepasecret.可知,“不要告诉任何人”，当有人告诉我们一个秘密时，我们会听到这些话，但是很难保守秘密，即使我们后来后悔了，我们也经常想把保守的秘密透露出去。故推知划线短语意思为“泄露秘密”，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Peopleentrustedwithsecretscansufferfromdepression,anxiety,andbodyaches.（被托付秘密的人可能会遭受抑郁、焦虑和身体疼痛。）可知，一个被赋予秘密的人可能会遭受身体或心理上的问题。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret,you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition.Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgivetheinformationaway.（沙阿说，要判断是否要告诉别人一个秘密，你最好设身处地地为他们着想。想想如果你被告知不能泄露信息，你会有什么感觉。）可知，设身处地地为别人着想有助于认识到保守秘密的困难。故选D。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了每个人都有秘密，每个人都会替别人保守秘密，可是心中的秘密过多是对身体不好的，会造成压力，同时秘密也不可能被永远保守，只要是发生了的事情总是会被他人知道的。A选项Wallshaveears.“隔墙有耳”；B选项Stilltonguesmakewiseheads.“智者寡言。”；C选项Awordspokenispastrecalling.“一言既出，驷马难追。”；D选项Everywallhasacrack.“每面墙都有裂缝。”，故D选项最符合文章主旨。故选D。(B)ShouldYouBeeaFullStackWebDeveloper?Shouldyoubeeafullstackwebdeveloper?Whatcoursesshouldyoutaketoprepareyouforthejob?Ourcoursesbringyouastepbystep

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thatwillhelpyoubeeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceed.Readontodiscoverifit’stherightpathforyou:●WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper?Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellskilledinbothfrontandbackendwebdeveloping.Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildapplicationsfromstarttofinish,afullstackdevelopercanplan,manage,andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknowhow.Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandbackenddevelopersisthatfrontenddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawebsite,whilebackenddevelopersdealwithinternaltaskssuchaswebservers,applications,anddatabases.bined,theyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingthatmakesawebsitefunctionproperly.Bothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawellroundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingforjobs.Ifyouliketolearnnewconceptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpathforyou.●DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowingBecauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper,therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions,leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates.Thejoboutlookforwebdevelopersisestimatedto

grow

13%by2026,whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations.Withanimpressiveresume,fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake

$87,661

onaverage.●GetStartedTodayWiththehelpofthecourses,youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceedasafullstackwebdeveloper.Youcan

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withlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtrackyourprogressasyougo.●Here’sWhatYou’llLearnintheCoursesBuildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefrontendandbackendstacksLearnRubyonRails,HTML,CSS,andJavaScriptDevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfrontendframework,Angular,andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordovaDesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdatabaseintegration.5.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispassage?A.Arts.B.Sciencetechnology.C.Courses.D.Business.6.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Frontandbackenddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicationsanddatabases.B.Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionofbeingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills.C.Thejobprospectforwebdevelopersisn’tpromisinginthelongrun.D.Youcan’tstarttolearnthecoursesofbeingafullstackwebdeveloperunlessyouhavesomeexperiencebeforehand.7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopers.B.Toinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper.C.Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobeeafullstackwebdeveloper.D.Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerguide.【答案】CBC【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章是有关一种课程的广告，介绍了这个课程的培养目标，职业前景以及课程内容等信息。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中Whatcoursesshouldyoutaketoprepareyouforthejob?Ourcoursesbringyouastepbysteppaththatwillhelpyoubeeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceed.（你应该学习什么课程来为这份工作做准备?我们的课程会一步一步地帮助你成为一个合格的候选人，教会你成功所需要知道的一切。）由此推知，我们最有可能在报纸的“课程”专栏找到这篇文章，故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据●DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowing部分的Becauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper,therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions,leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates.可知，由于要成为一个完整的Web开发人员需要广泛的技能，也就是这个职位对技能要求很高，所以越来越少的人申请这种职位。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章标题和第一段中Ourcoursesbringyouastepbysteppaththatwillhelpyoubeeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceed.Readontodiscoverifit’stherightpathforyou:…可知，本文的目的是说服人们参加有助于成为一个合格的web开发人员的课程，故选C。(C)Recently,acaseoflifeboatethicsoccurred.OnAug.4,GrahamandSherylAnley,whileboatingoffthecoastofSouthAfrica,hitarock.Astheboatthreatenedtosink,thehusbandgotoff,buthiswifewastrappedintheboat.Insteadoffreeinghiswifeandgettinghertoshore,GrahamgrabbedRosie,theirpetdog.WithRosiesafeandsound,GrahamreturnedforSheryl.Allaredoingfine.It’sgreatstory,butitdoesn’tstrikemeasespeciallynewsworthy.Newsissupposedtobeaboutsomethingfairlyunique,andrecentresearchsuggeststhat,intherightcircumstances,lotsofpeoplealsowouldhavegrabbedtheirRosiefirst.Wehavestrangerelationshipswithourpets.Welookafterourpetswithgreatloveandbetterhealthcarethanbillionsofpeoplereceive.Wespeaktopetswiththesamehighpitchedvoicesthatweuseforbabies.Asanextremeexampleofourfeelingsaboutpets,theNazishadstrictlawsthatguaranteedthekindtreatmentofthepetsofJewsbeingshippedtodeathcamps.ArecentpaperbyGeorgeRegentsUniversitydemonstratesthishumaninvolvementwithpetstoanastonishingextent.Participantsinthestudyweretoldasituationinwhichabusisoutocontrol,bearingdownonadogandahuman.Whichdoyousave?Withresponsesfrommorethan500people,theanswerwasthatitdepended:Whatkindofhumanandwhatkindofdog?Everyonewouldsaveabrother,grandparentorclosefriendratherthanastrangedog.ButwhenpeopleconsideredtheirowndogVSpeoplelessconnectedwiththemadistantcousinorahometownstrangervotesafavorofsavingthedogcamerollingin.Andanastonishing40%ofrespondents,including46%ofwomen,votedtosavetheirdogoveraforeigntourist.Whatdoesafindinglikethismean?First,itisthatyouroddsaren’tsogoodifyoufindyourselfinanothercountrywithabusbearingdownonyouandacutedog.Butitalsopointstosomethingdeeper:ourunprecedentedattitudetowardanimals,whichgotitsstartwiththebirthofkindheartedsocietiesinthe19thcentury.Weprisonpeoplewhoabuseanimals,putourselvesinharm’swayinboatsbetweenwhalesanwhalersandshowsympathytoBambiandhismother.Wecanextendsympathytoananimalandfeelitspainlikenootherspecies.Butlet’snotbetooproudofourselves.Asthisstudyandtoomuchofourhistoryshow,we’reprettyselectiveabouthowweextendourkindnesstootherhumanbeings.8.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothearticle?AThestoryoftheAnleysandtheirdogwastoouniquetobenewsworthy.BMostpeoplesurveyedchoosetosavetheirowndogratherthanahuman.C.Itwainthe19thcenturythathumanbeingsstartedtolovetheirpets.D.Humanbeingsaremoreandmoreconcernedwithanimalsnowadays.9.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstofparagraph?A.Tocreatearelaxingmoodforreaders.B.Topresentthethemeofthisessaystraightly.C.Toleadinthemaintopicofthisessay.D.Toraiseproblemsthatwillbesolvedlater.10.TheauthormentionsNazilawsinthethirdparagraph________.A.toshowhowcrueltheNazis’weretotheJewsB.asanexampletopersuadepeoplenottolovepetsC.toillustratethestrangerelationshipbetweenhumanandpetsD.asanexampletodisplaythekindnessoftheNazis11.Whatdoestheauthormainlyarguefor?A.Petsareofgreatsignificancetoushumanbeings.B.Weshouldrethinkaboutoutattitudetowardsanimalsandmankind.C.Itiskindofhumanbeingstoextendkindnesstoanimals.D.Weshouldbeselectivewhenshowingattitudetowardotherhumanbeings.【答案】DCC.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了一个道德难题，当你的宠物和一个人一起落难，你会先救哪个？研究表明不少人会倾向于前者，人类对于宠物的同情心似乎过甚，相反对于同类却往往选择性地产生同情。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段前三句“Wehavestrangerelationshipswithourpets.Welookafterourpetswithgreatloveandbetterhealthcarethanbillionsofpeoplereceive.Wespeaktopetswiththesamehighpitchedvoicesthatweuseforbabies.”可知，我们和我们的宠物有着奇怪的关系。我们用极大的爱照顾我们的宠物，而且它们比数十亿人得到的更好的医疗保健。我们用和婴儿说话一样的高音和宠物说话。即人类对宠物的态度是史无前例的，越来越关心，越来越重视。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“It’sgreatstory,butitdoesn’tstrikemeasespeciallynewsworthy.Newsissupposedtobeaboutsomethingfairlyunique,andrecentresearchsuggeststhat,intherightcircumstances,lotsofpeoplealsowouldhavegrabbedtheirRosiefirst.”可知，在第一段讲述的故事后，作者表示这并没有新闻价值，因为这种事并不显特别，从而引出近期的一项研究，把话题转入了人类对于宠物的态度上，即引出了文章主题。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Wehavestrangerelationshipswithourpets.”可知，我们和我们的宠物有着奇怪的关系。再根据“Asanextremeexampleofourfeelingsaboutpets,theNazishadstrictlawsthatguaranteedthekindtreatmentofthepetsofJewsbeingshippedtodeathcamps.”作为我们对宠物感情的一个极端例子，纳粹有严格的法律，保证犹太人被送往死亡集中营时，他们的宠物会受到善待。由此判断出这里列举出就连纳粹也会善待犹太人的宠物。就是在说明人类和宠物之间的奇怪关系。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wecanextendsympathytoananimalandfeelitspai