Unit4 Listening and Speaking 词汇精讲课堂

版本：新人教单元：必修一Unit4(ListeningandSpeaking)词汇课堂本单元词汇梳理1.disaster：词块：anaturaldisaster2.slide：一词多义：基本义“滑动”；名词“滑梯”熟词生义：幻灯片3.flood：隐喻：具体的“洪水”到抽象的“大量/大批”名词动词化（基本义“像洪水一样涌入”）4.rescue：近义词save

词块：rescueworkers,cometosb’srescue,rescuesbfrom5.damage：精准的汉语释义“损害；损坏”

词块：cause/dodamageto6.destroy：de-(down向下)+struere(build建，同structure)→

破坏建筑的结构→毁坏精准的汉语释义“毁坏”7.evacuate：ex-(out向外)+vacuus(empty空的)→疏散8.helicopter：拓展plane,aeroplane,airplane,aircraft9.death：词族：die,dead,death,dying

词块：bebored/scared/frightenedtodeath10.affect：熟词生义：使感动；使感染(疾病)11.shelter：一词多义：基本义“提供保护的建筑”

词块：takeshelterfrom；抽象名词具体化

名词动词化：shelter…from重难点词精讲damage,destroy,ruin精准的汉语释义辨析义affect,effect辨析义一词多义shelterfloodrescue一词多义搭配义flood■n

[C]&[U]洪水；水灾：Theriverwasinflood.

Policehaveissuedfloodwarnings.

[C]大批；大量：floodsofrain

Asimpleclickcanbringusafloodofmusic,moviesandPCgames.2009江苏■v➊

vi&vt

(被)淹没；(使)泛滥：Heavyrainfallsfloodedthevillage.

vi

(洪水般地)涌进(pour)：Individuale-mailboxesaresometimesfloodedwithspame-mails.2010陕西改Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycamefloodingback.2009辽宁►

flooded

adj洪水泛滥的►

flooding

n[U]水灾；洪水泛滥■vt

营救：Shewasrescuedfromaburningbuilding.

■n[U]&[C]救援；营救：cometosb’srescue

Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.rescue辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。➊

[U]损害；损坏；损失harmorinjurycausedwhensthisbrokenorspoiled：

Hewashitbyacarandsufferedseriousbraindamage.

do/causedamagetoTheproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.

2008全国

[C][复数]

损害赔偿金：Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.damagen

■损害；损坏：(名词动化）Don’tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.侧重“损”，可修复damagevt➊

毁坏；摧毁；毁掉todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists：Thebuildingwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.destroyvt

消灭；杀死：Thedogattackedachildandhadtobedestroyed.侧重“毁”，无法修复destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)

破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？Therainruinedmyhair.头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。在这里，理解英语释义也很重要。·

destroy:

todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists·ruin:todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.➊

糟蹋；(完全地)毁坏

todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.：Don’tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.

使破产

tomakesbloseallhis/hermoney：Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.n➊

[U]毁灭；破产：theruinofcivilizationfinancialruin

[C][常用复数]废墟；遗迹；残余：theruinsofRomeruinvtinruins成废墟；严重受损：Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.文化拓展意大利的古罗马废墟

(theruinsofRome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。小结运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage,destroy和ruin。◆damage的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；◆

destroy侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；◆

ruin侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。affect

影响toinfluencesb/sth：(基本义）Withthegovernment’said,those(whowere)affectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.2009上海改affectvt

[常用于被动语态]

使感动；打动：Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestory.=bemoved

使感染(疾病)

toattacksborapartofthebody;tomakesbbecomeill/sick：Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.affect

语义网络图affect影响基本义对精神的“影响”对身体的“影响”使感动；打动

使感染(疾病)影响对人或物的“影响”effectR3n[C]&[U]结果；效应；作用；影响：greenhouseeffect

Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout.

2010浙江Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.

2012四川bring/put...intoeffect实施；实行ineffect

在实施中；有效：Somelawsfromtheeighteenthcenturyarestillineffect.

实际上；事实上：“Haveaniceday”isawonderfulphrase,remindingus,ineffect,toenjoythemoment.词汇拓展►effectiveR3

adj有效的反ineffective；生效的：takeeffectivemeasures/steps

ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingandcatchingthem.

2015广东►effectivelyadv

有效地►effectivenessn[U]有效性takeeffect生效

(comeintoeffect)；起作用：Thesemeasuresarejustbeginningtotakeeffect.

词语辨析affect/effect

affect（动词）=tohaveaninfluenceonsb/sth；影响某人/某事：Doestelevisionaffectchildren’sbehaviour?

effect（名词）=result,influence；作用；影响：

Doestelevisionhaveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?

sheltern

[C]

遮盖物；躲避处；避难所：（暂时性）Weshouldfindashelterfrom

thewind.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.

[U]

居所；住处：Food,clothing,fuelandshelterarethefourmostbasichumanneeds.

2011湖北改

[U]

保护；掩蔽；庇护：find/takeshelterfromtherainTheywerestandingundertheshelterof

ahugetree.

掩蔽；保护：Graduationrepresentsmovingfromtheshelteredlifeofhighschoolintotherealworld.

shelter...from:Treeswereplantedtoshelterthisareafromstrongsandstorms.

vi躲避；避难：Wesatintheshade,shelteringfrom

thesun.名词动化vtshelter的语义网络由具体到抽象为人们提供长期遮风避雨的地方为人们提供暂时的遮风避雨或避难的地方提供保护的建筑物(基本义)名词动词现代英语中很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。其中有一类是表示地点或场所的名词转化为动词。读下面的句子，体会画线词的含义：AssoonasIhadparkedthecar,Irushedintothebank.2008北京ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil.2014浙江Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped

inthemountainsfortwodays.2018北京Iwaswrapped(包裹)heavilyandwellsheltered

fromthefreezingandblowingweather.2014四川Ihadroomed

withhiminNewHavenwhenwewerebothatYaleLawSchool.名词动化随堂检测写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobs.(2010福建) ___________2.Foodsuppliesintheflood-stricken

areaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.(2012重庆) ___________3.Theraincausedthestreetstofloodandthesubwaysystemalmostcametoastop.(2008山东) ___________4.Donationsbeganfloodingin

fromhundredsofpeople.(2017天津) ___________flood大量的/大批的洪水泛滥的地区被淹没大量涌入rescue

汉译英。1.救援人员______________________2.营救某人(n)______________________3.营救行动______________________4.从……中救出某人

(v)______________________rescueworkerscometosb’srescuerescueeffort/operation/attemptrescuesbfrom1.Thebuswasbadly______________whenithitthewall.2.Thebuildingwascompletely______________byfire.3.Itpouredwithrainandmydressgot______________

4.Thisillnessshas_____________mylife.5.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwas_____________

andtheyhadnothing.(2012山东)6.Thehomelessshelterwasentirely_____________

inthehugeearthquake.一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。ruindamagedestroydamageddestroyedruinedruineddestroyeddestroyeddamage,destroy,ruin1.Thebadweather__________________

(毁了我们的旅行).2.Toomuchpackagingis______________________________(对……造成严重损坏)theenvironment.(2010山东)

3.Anumberofpaintingsinthiscastlearebelievedto___________________(被毁掉)inafirein2009.(2011湖北完成句子)二、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。

doing/causingseriousdamageto

havebeendestroyed

ruinedourtrip一、根据句意选出affect的最佳释义。__________1.Welchexaminedasickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlydiseasemainlyaffecting

children.(2016北京改)__________2.Withthegovernment’said,those

affected

bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.(2009上海改)__________3.Iwasdeeplyaffected

bythefilm.①

影响②

[常用于被动语态]使感动；打动③

使感染(疾病)③①②affect,effect二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Globalwarmingis_____________________(对……产生巨大的影响)hundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.(2012四川)2.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcome__________________(副作用)researchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.(2018北京)3.Accordingtotherecentresearch,heavycoffeedrinkingandheartattackisnotnecessarily__________________(因果关系).4.Fewlawsaresoeffectivethatyoucanseeresultsjustdaysafterthey__________________(生效).(2009山东)

havingagreateffecton

sideeffect

causeandeffect

takeeffect三、选出适当