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2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题
(第一套)
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowr/teanessayon
theimportanceofbuiIdingtrustbetweenteachersandstudents.
Youcanciteexamplesto/1lustrateyourviews.Youshouldwrite
atleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
Part11ListeningComprehension(30minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwi//heartwolongconversations.Atthe
endofeachconversa-tion,youwiIIhearfourquestions.Both
theconversationandthequestionswi//bespokenonlyonce.After
youhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorresponding
letteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1.A)ItisaSpanishsoup.
B)Itisaweirdvegetable.
C)ItisatypicaIsaIad.
D)Itisakindofspicyfood.
2.A)ToaddtoitsappeaI.
B)TorepIaceaningredient.
C)Tomakeitthicker.
D)Tomakeitmorenutritious.
3.A)ItcontainsveryIittIefat.
B)ItismainlymadeofvegetabIes.
C)Itusesoliveoilincooking.
D)Itusesnoartificialadditives.
4.A)ItdoesnotgostaIefortwoyears.
B)IttakesnospeciaIskilltoprepare.
C)Itisadelicacyblendedwithbread.
D)ItcomesfromaspeciaIkindofpig.
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5.A)Theycomeinagreatvariety.
B)TheygowellwithItaiianfood.
C)Theydonotmakedecentgifts.
D)Theydonotvarymuchinprice.
6.A)Around$150.C)$50-$60.
B)$40-$50.D)$30-
$40.
7.A)Theygowellwithdifferentkindsoffood.
B)TheysymbolizegoodheaIthandIongevity.
C)TheyareespeciaIIypopularamongItaIians.
D)TheyareaheaIthychoiceforeIderIypeopIe.
8.A)ItisawineimportedfromCaIifornia.
B)Itisfarmoreexpensivethanheexpected.
C)ItisItaly*smostfamoustypeofredwine.
D)ItisIessspicythana11otherredwines.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwi//heartwopassages.Attheendofeach
passage,youwi//hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassage
andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara
question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices
markedA)fB),0)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespond/ngletteron
AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9.A)Learningothers*secrets.C)Decodingsecretmessages.
B)Searchingforinformation.D)SpreadingsensationaInews.
10.A)Theyweregoodatbreakingenemysecretcodes.
B)Theywereassignedtodecodeenemymessages.
C)TheycouIdwritedownspokencodespromptIy.
D)TheyheIpedthe.armyinWorIdWarII.
11.A)AmiIitarycodethatwasneverbroken.
B)Decodingofsecretmessagesinwartimes.
C)ImportantbattlesfoughtinthePacificWar.
D)NavajoIndians,contributiontocodebreaking.
Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12.A)AlIserviceswiIIbepersonaIized.
B)MoreinformationwiIIbeavaiIabIe.
C)AlotofknowIedge-intensivejobswiIIberepIaced.
D)TechnoIogywiIIrevoIutionizeaIIsectorsofindustry.
13.A)Intheroboticsindustry.
B)Inhigh-endmanufacturing.
C)Intheinformationservice.
D)InthepersonaIcaresector.
14.A)TheyneedIotsoftraining.
B)Theychargehighprices.
C)Theyfocusoncustomers5specificneeds.
D)TheycatertotheneedsofyoungpeopIe.
15.A)ThedisruptioncausedbytechnologyintraditionallyweII-paidjobs.
B)TherisingdemandineducationandheaIthcareinthenext20years.
C)TheamazingamountofpersonaIattentionpeopIewouIdIiketohave.
D)ThetremendouschangesnewtechnologywiIIbringtopeople'sIives.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwi//hearthreerecordingsoflecturesor
talksfoilowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswi//be
playedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe
bestanswerfromthefourcho/cesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Then
markthecorrespond!ngletteronAnswerSheet1withasingle
linethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
16.A)Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites.
B)ItwasthelongestroadinancientEgypt.
C)11Iinkedastonepittosomewaterways.
D)Itwasconstructedsome500yearsago.
17.A)Somestonetoolsegments.
B)Sawsusedforcuttingstone.
C)AnancientgeographicaImap.
D)TracesIeftbyearIyexplorers.
18.A)Toprovideservicesforthestonepit.
B)Totransportstonestoblockfoods.
C)ToIinkthevariousmonumentsites.
D)ToconnecttheviIIagesaIongtheNiIe.
Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Dr.Gongdidn'tgivehimanyconventionaItests.
B)Dr.GongsIippedinneedleswherehefeltnopain.
C)Dr.Gongmarkedhisofficewithahand-paintedsign.
D)Dr.Gongdidn'taskhimanyquestionsabouthispain.
20.A)HefoundtheexpensivemedicaItestsunaffordabIe.
B)HehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouIdwork.
C)Dr.GongwasveryfamousinNewYork,sChinatown.
D)PreviousmedicaItreatmentsfailedtoreIievehispain.
21.A)Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.
B)Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected.
C)Moreandmorepatientsaskforthetreatment.
D)Itdoesn'tneedtheconventionaImedicaItests.
Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
22.A)TheyarguedpersistentIyaboutwhethertohavechiIdren.
B)TheyquarreIedaIotandneverresoIvedtheirarguments.
C)TheywerecompatibIedespitedifferences.
D)Theywereonthevergeofbreakingup.
23.A)Theyweren5tspoiledintheirchiIdhood.
B)Neitherofthemwontheirparents*favor.
C)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.
D)Theydidn'tliketobetheappleoftheirparents*eyes.
24.A)TheytendtobeseIf-assuredandresponsibIe.
B)Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave.
C)Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative.
D)TheyareusuaIIygoodatmakingfriends.
25.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends.
B)TheyareleastIikeIytotakeinitiative.
C)TheyusuaIIyhavesuccessfuImarriages.
D)TheytendtobeweIIadjusted.
Part11IReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenbtanks.Youare
requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfroma//stof
choicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthe
passagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoice
inthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe
correspond/ngletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingle
/inethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthe
bankmorethanonce.
DidSarahJosephaHaIewrite"Mary'sLittleLamb,theeternaI
nurseryrhyme(JL歌)aboutagirlnamedMarywithastubbornIamb?This
isstiIIdisputed,butit,scIearthatthewoman26forwriting
itwasoneofAmerica'smostfascinating27Inhonorofthe
poem,spubIicationonMay241830,here,smoreaboutthe28author,s
HaIewasn,tjustawriter,shewasaIsoa29sociaIadvocate,andshe
wasparticuIarIy
30withanideaINewEngland,whichsheassociatedwithabundant
ThanksgivingmealsthatshecIaimedhad“adeepmoraIinfluence.11She
begananationwide31tohavea--------
nationaIhoIidaydecIaredthatwouIdbringfamiIiestogetherwhile
celebratingthe32festivaIs.In
1863,after17yearsofadvocacyincludingIetterstofivepresidents,HaIe
gotit.PresidentAbrahamLineoIn,duringtheCivilWar,issueda33
settingasidetheIastThursdayinNovemberforthehoiiday.
Thetrueauthorshipof"Mary'sLittleLamb"isdisputed.Accordingto
theNewEnglandHistoricaISociety,HalewroteonIypartofthepoem,but
cIaimedauthorship.RegardIessoftheauthor,itseemsthatthepoemwas
34byareaIevent.WhenyoungMarySawyerwasfo11owedtoschooIby
alambin1816,itcausedsomeprobIems.AbystandernamedJohnRouIstone
wroteapoemabouttheevent.Then,atsomepoint,HaIeherseIfseemsto
haveheIpedwriteit.However,ifa1916piecebyhergreat-nieceistobe
trusted,HalecIaimedfor
the35ofherIifethat“someotherpeopIepretendedthatsomeoneeIse
wrotethepoem”.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A)campaign
1)
B)career
proc1amation
C)characters
J)
D)features
rectif!ed
E)fierce
K)reputed
F)inspired
L)rest
G)1atter
M)supposed
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten
statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformation
giveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich
theinformationinder7ved.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethan
once.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe
questionsbymarkingthecorrespond!ngletteronAnswerSheet2.
GrowPlantsWithoutWater
[A]Eversineehumanitybegantofarmourownfood,we'vefacedthe
unpredictablerainthatisbothfriendandenemy.Itcomesandgoes
withoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush
(茂盛的)IeafygreensoneyearcandryupandbIowawaythenext.
Foodsecurityand
fortunesdependonsufficientrain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,
where96%of
farmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommoninmore
deveIopedpIaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfrica'songoingdrought-
theworstinthreedecades-wiIIcostatIeastaquarterofitscorn
cropthisyear.
[B]BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica
saysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttogrow
cropsinpIaceswithunpredictabIerainfall.Sheishardatwork
findingawaytotaketraitsfromrarewiIdplantsthatadaptto
extremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.Astheearth'scIimate
changesandrainfaIIbecomesevenlesspredictableinsomepIaces,those
answerswiIIgrowevenmorevaIuabIe.
“ThetypeoffarmingI*maimingforisIiteraIIysothatpeopIecan
surviveasit'sgoingtogetmoreandmoredry,nFarrantsays.
[C]ExtremeconditionsproduceextremeIytoughpIants.Intherustyred
desertsofSouthAfrica,steep-sidedrockyhillscalledinseIbergsrear
upfromtheplainsIikethebonesoftheearth.Thehillsareremnants
ofanearIiergeologicaIera,scrapedbareofmostsoiIandexposedto
theeIements.YetontheseandsimiIarformationsindesertsaroundthe
worId,afewfiercepIantshaveadaptedtoendureunderever-changing
conditions.
[D]Farrantcallsthemresurrectionplants(复苏植物).Duringmonths
withoutwaterunderaharshsun,theywither,shrinkandcontractuntiI
theyIookIikeapiIeofdeadgrayIeaves.ButrainfalIcanrevivethem
inamatterofhours.Hertime-1apse(间歇性拍摄的)videosofthe
revivaIsIookIikesomeoneplayingatapeoftheplant'sdeathin
reverse.
[E]Thebigdifferencebetweendrought-tolerant55plantsandthesetough
plants:metabolism.ManydifferentkindsofpIantshavedeveIoped
tacticstoweatherdryspeIIs.SomepIantsstorereservesofwaterto
seethemthroughadrought;otherssendrootsdeepdowntosubsurface
watersuppIies.ButoncethesepIantsuseuptheirstoredreserveor
tapouttheundergroundsuppIy,theyceasegrowingandstarttodie.
TheymaybeabIetohandleadroughtofsomelength,andmanypeople
usethetermdroughttolerant^^todescribesuchpIants,butthey
neveractuaIIystopneedingtoconsumewater,soFarrantprefersto
caIIthemdroughtresistant.
[F]ResurrectionpIants,definedasthosecapabIeofrecoveringfrom
holdingIessthangramsofwaterpergramofdrymass,aredifferent.
TheyIackwater-storingstructures,andtheirexistenceonrockfaces
preventsthemfromtappinggroundwater,sotheyhaveinsteaddeveIoped
theabilitytochangetheirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddry
period,theydiverttheirmetaboIisms,producingsugarsandcertain
stress-associatedproteinsandothermateriaIsintheirtissues.Asthe
pIantdries,theseresourcestakeonfirsttheproper-tiesofhoney,
thenrubber,andfinalIyenteraglass_1ikestatethatis“themost
stablestalethatthepIantcanmaintain,MFarrantsays.Thatslowsthe
pIant1smetabolismandprotectsitsdried-outtissues.ThepIantsaIso
changeshape,shrinkingtominimizethesurfaceareathroughwhichtheir
remainingwatermightevaporate.Theycanrecoverfrommonthsandyears
withoutwater,dependingonthespecies.
[G]WhateIsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?Seeds-aImostaIIof
them.Atthestartofhercareer,Farrantstudiedurecalcitrantseeds
(顽拗性种子),“suchasavocados,coffeeandIychee.Whiletasty,
suchseedsaredeIicate-theycannotbudandgrowiftheydryout(as
youmayknowifyou'veevertriedtogrowatreefromanavocadopit).
IntheseedworId,thatmakesthemrare,becausemostseedsfrom
fIoweringpIantsarequiterobust.Mostseedscanwaitoutthedry,
unweIcomingseasonsuntiIconditionsarerightandtheysprout(发芽).
Yetoncetheystartgrowing,suchpIantsseemnottoretaintheability
tohitthepausebuttononmetabolismintheirstemsorIeaves.
[H]AftercompIetingherPh.D.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigating
whetheritmightbepossibIetoisoIatethepropertiesthatmakemost
seedssoresiIient(迅速恢复活力的)andtransferthemtootherpIant
tissues.WhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepasttwodecadesis
thattherearemanygenesinvolvedinresurrectionpIants*responseto
dryness.ManyofthemarethesamethatreguIatehowseedsbecome
dryness-toIerantwhilestillattachedtotheirparentpIants.Nowthey
aretryingtofigureoutwhatmolecularsignaIingprocessesactivate
thoseseed-buiIdinggenesinresurrectionpIants-andhowtoreproduce
themincrops."MostgenesarereguIatedbyamastersetofgenes,n
Farrantsays."We'relookingatgenepromotersandwhatwouIdbetheir
masterswitch.M
[I]OnceFarrantandhercolIeaguesfeeItheyhaveabettersenseofwhich
switchestothrow,theywiIIhavetofindthebestwaytodosoin
usefuIcrops."l'mtryingthreemethodsofbreecing,**Farrantsays:
conventionaI,geneticmodificationandgeneediting.Shesayssheis
awarethatpIentyofpeopIedonotwanttoeatgeneticaIIymodified
crops,butsheispushingaheadwitheveryavaiIabletooluntiIone
works.Farmersandconsumersalikecanchoosewhetherornottouse
whicheverversionprevaiIs:"l'mgivingpeopIeanoption.”
[J]FarrantandothersintheresurrectionbusinessgottogetherIastyear
todiscussthebestspeciesofresurrectionpIanttouseasaIabmodeI.
JustIikemedicaIresearchersuseratstotestideasforhumanmedicaI
treatments,botanistsusepIantsthatarerelativelyeasytogrowina
laborgreenhousesettingtotesttheirideasforrelatedspecies.The
QueensIandrockvioletisoneofthebeststudiedresurrectionpIantsso
far,withadraftgenome(基因图谱)pubIishedIastyearbyaChinese
team.Alsolastyear,FarrantandcolleaguespubIishedadetaiIed
moIecuIarstudyofanothercandidate.Xerophytaviscosa,atough-as-naiI
SouthAfricanpIantwithIiIy_1ikefIowers,andshesaysthatagenome
isontheway.Oneorboth
ofthesemodeIswiIIheIpresearcherstesttheirideas-sofarmostIy
doneintheIab——ontestplots.
[K]Understandingthebasicsciencefirstiskey.Therearegoodreasonswhy
croppIantsdonotusedrynessdefensesaIready.Forinstance,there*s
ahighenergycostinswitchingfromareguIarmetaboIismtoanaImost-
no-watermetaboIism.ItwiIIaIsobenecessarytounderstandwhatsort
ofyieldfarmersmightexpectandtoestabIishtheplant'ssafety."The
yieldisnevergoingtobehigh,“Farrantsays,sothesepIantswiIIbe
targetednotatIowafarmerstryingtosqueezemorecashoutofhigh-
yieldfieIds,butsubsistencefarmerswhoneedheIptosurviveadrought
IikethepresentoneinSouthAfrica."Myvisionisforthesubsistence
farmer,MFarrantsays."l'mtargetingcropsthatareofAfricanvalue.”
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
36.ThereareacoupIeofpIantstoughandadaptabIeenoughtosurviveon
barerockyhillsandindeserts.
37.FarrantistryingtoisoIategenesinresurrectionpIantsandreproducethem
incrops.
38.FarmersinSouthAfricaaremoreatthemercyofnature,especiaIIy
ineonsistentrainfaII.
39.ResurrectioncropsaremostIikeIytobethechoiceofsubsistencefarmers.
40.EventhoughmanypIantshavedeveIopedvarioustacticstocopewithdry
weather,theycannotsurviveaprolongeddrought.
41.Despiteconsumerresistance,researchersarepushingaheadwithgenetic
modificationofcrops.
42.MostseedscanpulIthroughdryspeIIsandbegingrowingwhenconditions
areripe,butoncethisprocessstarts,itcannotbeheldback.
43.Farrantisworkinghardtocu11ivatefoodcropsthatcansurviveextreme
drynessbystudy-ingthetraitsofrarewiIdpIants.
44.Byadjustingtheirmetabolism,resurrectionpIantscanrecoverfroman
extendedperiodof
drought.
45.ResurrectionplantscancomebacktoIifeinashorttimeafterarainfaII.
SectionC
Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowed
bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthere
arefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthe
bestcho/ceandmarkthecorrespond/ngletteronAnswerSheet2
withasingle/inethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
HumanmemoryisnotoriouslyunreIiabIe.EvenpeopIewiththesharpest
faciaI-recognitionskillscanonIyremembersomuch.
It'stoughtoquantifyhowgoodapersonisatremembering.Noone
reaIIyknowshowmanydifferentfacessomeonecanrecaII,forexampIe,but
variousestimatestendtohoverinthe
thousands——basedonthenumberofacquaintancesapersonmighthave.
Machinesaren*tIimitedthisway.Givetherightcomputeramassive
databaseoffaces,anditcanprocesswhatitsees-thenrecognizeaface
it'stoldtofind-withremarkabIespeedandprecision.Thisskilliswhat
supportstheenormouspromiseoffaciaI-recognitionsoftwareinthe
21stcentury.It'saIsowhatmakescontemporarysurveiIIancesystemsso
scary.
Thethingis,machinesstillhaveIimitationswhenitcomestofaciaI
recognition.AndscientistsareonIyjustbeginningtounderstandwhatthose
constraintsare.TobegintofigureouthowcomputersarestruggIing,
researchersattheUniversityofWashingtoncreatedamassivedatabaseof
faces——theycaIIitMegaFace-andtestedavarietyoffaciaI-recognition
aIgorithms
(算法)astheyseaIedupincompIexity.Theideawastotestthe
machinesonadatabasethatincIudedupto1milliondifferentimagesof
nearly700,000differentpeopIe-andnotjustalargedatabasefeaturing
arelativelysmaIInumberofdifferentfaces,moreconsistentwithwhat's
beenusedinotherresearch.
Asthedatabasesgrew,machineaccuracydippedacrosstheboard.
AIgorithmsthatwereright95%ofthetimewhentheyweredeaIingwitha
13,000-imagedatabase,forexampIe,were
accurateabout70%ofthetimewhenconfrontedwith1millionimages.
That*sstillprettygood,saysoneoftheresearchers,IraKemeImacher-
ShiIzerman."Muchbetterthanweexpected,nshesaid.
MachinesaIsohaddifficultyadjustingforpeopIewholookaIotalike-
eitherdoppeIgang
ers(长相极相似的人),whomthemachinewouIdhavetroubIeidentifyingastwo
separate
people,orthesamepersonwhoappeardindifferentphotosatdifferent
agesorindifferentIighting,whomthemachinewouIdincorrectIyviewas
separatepeopIe.
“OnceweseaIeup,aIgorithmsmustbesensitivetotinychangesin
identitiesandatthesametimeinvarianttoIighting,pose,age,n
KemeImacher-Shizermansaid.
ThetroubIeis,formanyoftheresearcherswho'dliketodesign
systemstoaddressthesecha11enges,massivedatasetsforexperimentation
justdon5texist-atIeast,notinformatsthatareaccessibIetoacademic
researchers.TrainingsetsIiketheonesGoogIeandFacebookhave
areprivate.TherearenopubIicdatabasesthatco
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