2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题试卷

2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题

（第一套）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowr/teanessayon

theimportanceofbuiIdingtrustbetweenteachersandstudents.

Youcanciteexamplesto/1lustrateyourviews.Youshouldwrite

atleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

Part11ListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwi//heartwolongconversations.Atthe

endofeachconversa-tion,youwiIIhearfourquestions.Both

theconversationandthequestionswi//bespokenonlyonce.After

youhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)ItisaSpanishsoup.

B)Itisaweirdvegetable.

C)ItisatypicaIsaIad.

D)Itisakindofspicyfood.

2.A)ToaddtoitsappeaI.

B)TorepIaceaningredient.

C)Tomakeitthicker.

D)Tomakeitmorenutritious.

3.A)ItcontainsveryIittIefat.

B)ItismainlymadeofvegetabIes.

C)Itusesoliveoilincooking.

D)Itusesnoartificialadditives.

4.A)ItdoesnotgostaIefortwoyears.

B)IttakesnospeciaIskilltoprepare.

C)Itisadelicacyblendedwithbread.

D)ItcomesfromaspeciaIkindofpig.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Theycomeinagreatvariety.

B)TheygowellwithItaiianfood.

C)Theydonotmakedecentgifts.

D)Theydonotvarymuchinprice.

6.A)Around$150.C)$50-$60.

B)$40-$50.D)$30-

$40.

7.A)Theygowellwithdifferentkindsoffood.

B)TheysymbolizegoodheaIthandIongevity.

C)TheyareespeciaIIypopularamongItaIians.

D)TheyareaheaIthychoiceforeIderIypeopIe.

8.A)ItisawineimportedfromCaIifornia.

B)Itisfarmoreexpensivethanheexpected.

C)ItisItaly*smostfamoustypeofredwine.

D)ItisIessspicythana11otherredwines.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwi//heartwopassages.Attheendofeach

passage,youwi//hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassage

andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

markedA)fB),0)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespond/ngletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Learningothers*secrets.C)Decodingsecretmessages.

B)Searchingforinformation.D)SpreadingsensationaInews.

10.A)Theyweregoodatbreakingenemysecretcodes.

B)Theywereassignedtodecodeenemymessages.

C)TheycouIdwritedownspokencodespromptIy.

D)TheyheIpedthe.armyinWorIdWarII.

11.A)AmiIitarycodethatwasneverbroken.

B)Decodingofsecretmessagesinwartimes.

C)ImportantbattlesfoughtinthePacificWar.

D)NavajoIndians,contributiontocodebreaking.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)AlIserviceswiIIbepersonaIized.

B)MoreinformationwiIIbeavaiIabIe.

C)AlotofknowIedge-intensivejobswiIIberepIaced.

D)TechnoIogywiIIrevoIutionizeaIIsectorsofindustry.

13.A)Intheroboticsindustry.

B)Inhigh-endmanufacturing.

C)Intheinformationservice.

D)InthepersonaIcaresector.

14.A)TheyneedIotsoftraining.

B)Theychargehighprices.

C)Theyfocusoncustomers5specificneeds.

D)TheycatertotheneedsofyoungpeopIe.

15.A)ThedisruptioncausedbytechnologyintraditionallyweII-paidjobs.

B)TherisingdemandineducationandheaIthcareinthenext20years.

C)TheamazingamountofpersonaIattentionpeopIewouIdIiketohave.

D)ThetremendouschangesnewtechnologywiIIbringtopeople'sIives.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwi//hearthreerecordingsoflecturesor

talksfoilowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswi//be

playedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe

bestanswerfromthefourcho/cesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Then

markthecorrespond!ngletteronAnswerSheet1withasingle

linethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites.

B)ItwasthelongestroadinancientEgypt.

C)11Iinkedastonepittosomewaterways.

D)Itwasconstructedsome500yearsago.

17.A)Somestonetoolsegments.

B)Sawsusedforcuttingstone.

C)AnancientgeographicaImap.

D)TracesIeftbyearIyexplorers.

18.A)Toprovideservicesforthestonepit.

B)Totransportstonestoblockfoods.

C)ToIinkthevariousmonumentsites.

D)ToconnecttheviIIagesaIongtheNiIe.

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Dr.Gongdidn'tgivehimanyconventionaItests.

B)Dr.GongsIippedinneedleswherehefeltnopain.

C)Dr.Gongmarkedhisofficewithahand-paintedsign.

D)Dr.Gongdidn'taskhimanyquestionsabouthispain.

20.A)HefoundtheexpensivemedicaItestsunaffordabIe.

B)HehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouIdwork.

C)Dr.GongwasveryfamousinNewYork,sChinatown.

D)PreviousmedicaItreatmentsfailedtoreIievehispain.

21.A)Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.

B)Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected.

C)Moreandmorepatientsaskforthetreatment.

D)Itdoesn'tneedtheconventionaImedicaItests.

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

22.A)TheyarguedpersistentIyaboutwhethertohavechiIdren.

B)TheyquarreIedaIotandneverresoIvedtheirarguments.

C)TheywerecompatibIedespitedifferences.

D)Theywereonthevergeofbreakingup.

23.A)Theyweren5tspoiledintheirchiIdhood.

B)Neitherofthemwontheirparents*favor.

C)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.

D)Theydidn'tliketobetheappleoftheirparents*eyes.

24.A)TheytendtobeseIf-assuredandresponsibIe.

B)Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave.

C)Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative.

D)TheyareusuaIIygoodatmakingfriends.

25.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends.

B)TheyareleastIikeIytotakeinitiative.

C)TheyusuaIIyhavesuccessfuImarriages.

D)TheytendtobeweIIadjusted.

Part11IReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenbtanks.Youare

requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfroma//stof

choicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthe

passagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoice

inthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspond/ngletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingle

/inethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthe

bankmorethanonce.

DidSarahJosephaHaIewrite"Mary'sLittleLamb,theeternaI

nurseryrhyme(JL歌)aboutagirlnamedMarywithastubbornIamb?This

isstiIIdisputed,butit,scIearthatthewoman26forwriting

itwasoneofAmerica'smostfascinating27Inhonorofthe

poem，spubIicationonMay241830,here,smoreaboutthe28author,s

HaIewasn,tjustawriter,shewasaIsoa29sociaIadvocate,andshe

wasparticuIarIy

30withanideaINewEngland,whichsheassociatedwithabundant

ThanksgivingmealsthatshecIaimedhad“adeepmoraIinfluence.11She

begananationwide31tohavea--------

nationaIhoIidaydecIaredthatwouIdbringfamiIiestogetherwhile

celebratingthe32festivaIs.In

1863,after17yearsofadvocacyincludingIetterstofivepresidents,HaIe

gotit.PresidentAbrahamLineoIn,duringtheCivilWar,issueda33

settingasidetheIastThursdayinNovemberforthehoiiday.

Thetrueauthorshipof"Mary'sLittleLamb"isdisputed.Accordingto

theNewEnglandHistoricaISociety,HalewroteonIypartofthepoem,but

cIaimedauthorship.RegardIessoftheauthor,itseemsthatthepoemwas

34byareaIevent.WhenyoungMarySawyerwasfo11owedtoschooIby

alambin1816,itcausedsomeprobIems.AbystandernamedJohnRouIstone

wroteapoemabouttheevent.Then,atsomepoint,HaIeherseIfseemsto

haveheIpedwriteit.However,ifa1916piecebyhergreat-nieceistobe

trusted,HalecIaimedfor

the35ofherIifethat“someotherpeopIepretendedthatsomeoneeIse

wrotethepoem”.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)campaign

1)

B)career

proc1amation

C)characters

J)

D)features

rectif!ed

E)fierce

K)reputed

F)inspired

L)rest

G)1atter

M)supposed

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformation

giveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich

theinformationinder7ved.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethan

once.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe

questionsbymarkingthecorrespond!ngletteronAnswerSheet2.

GrowPlantsWithoutWater

[A]Eversineehumanitybegantofarmourownfood,we'vefacedthe

unpredictablerainthatisbothfriendandenemy.Itcomesandgoes

withoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush

(茂盛的)IeafygreensoneyearcandryupandbIowawaythenext.

Foodsecurityand

fortunesdependonsufficientrain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,

where96%of

farmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommoninmore

deveIopedpIaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfrica'songoingdrought-

theworstinthreedecades-wiIIcostatIeastaquarterofitscorn

cropthisyear.

[B]BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica

saysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttogrow

cropsinpIaceswithunpredictabIerainfall.Sheishardatwork

findingawaytotaketraitsfromrarewiIdplantsthatadaptto

extremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.Astheearth'scIimate

changesandrainfaIIbecomesevenlesspredictableinsomepIaces,those

answerswiIIgrowevenmorevaIuabIe.

“ThetypeoffarmingI*maimingforisIiteraIIysothatpeopIecan

surviveasit'sgoingtogetmoreandmoredry,nFarrantsays.

[C]ExtremeconditionsproduceextremeIytoughpIants.Intherustyred

desertsofSouthAfrica,steep-sidedrockyhillscalledinseIbergsrear

upfromtheplainsIikethebonesoftheearth.Thehillsareremnants

ofanearIiergeologicaIera,scrapedbareofmostsoiIandexposedto

theeIements.YetontheseandsimiIarformationsindesertsaroundthe

worId,afewfiercepIantshaveadaptedtoendureunderever-changing

conditions.

[D]Farrantcallsthemresurrectionplants（复苏植物）.Duringmonths

withoutwaterunderaharshsun,theywither,shrinkandcontractuntiI

theyIookIikeapiIeofdeadgrayIeaves.ButrainfalIcanrevivethem

inamatterofhours.Hertime-1apse（间歇性拍摄的）videosofthe

revivaIsIookIikesomeoneplayingatapeoftheplant'sdeathin

reverse.

[E]Thebigdifferencebetweendrought-tolerant55plantsandthesetough

plants:metabolism.ManydifferentkindsofpIantshavedeveIoped

tacticstoweatherdryspeIIs.SomepIantsstorereservesofwaterto

seethemthroughadrought;otherssendrootsdeepdowntosubsurface

watersuppIies.ButoncethesepIantsuseuptheirstoredreserveor

tapouttheundergroundsuppIy,theyceasegrowingandstarttodie.

TheymaybeabIetohandleadroughtofsomelength,andmanypeople

usethetermdroughttolerant^^todescribesuchpIants,butthey

neveractuaIIystopneedingtoconsumewater,soFarrantprefersto

caIIthemdroughtresistant.

[F]ResurrectionpIants,definedasthosecapabIeofrecoveringfrom

holdingIessthangramsofwaterpergramofdrymass,aredifferent.

TheyIackwater-storingstructures,andtheirexistenceonrockfaces

preventsthemfromtappinggroundwater,sotheyhaveinsteaddeveIoped

theabilitytochangetheirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddry

period,theydiverttheirmetaboIisms,producingsugarsandcertain

stress-associatedproteinsandothermateriaIsintheirtissues.Asthe

pIantdries,theseresourcestakeonfirsttheproper-tiesofhoney,

thenrubber,andfinalIyenteraglass_1ikestatethatis“themost

stablestalethatthepIantcanmaintain,MFarrantsays.Thatslowsthe

pIant1smetabolismandprotectsitsdried-outtissues.ThepIantsaIso

changeshape,shrinkingtominimizethesurfaceareathroughwhichtheir

remainingwatermightevaporate.Theycanrecoverfrommonthsandyears

withoutwater,dependingonthespecies.

[G]WhateIsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?Seeds-aImostaIIof

them.Atthestartofhercareer,Farrantstudiedurecalcitrantseeds

（顽拗性种子），“suchasavocados,coffeeandIychee.Whiletasty,

suchseedsaredeIicate-theycannotbudandgrowiftheydryout（as

youmayknowifyou'veevertriedtogrowatreefromanavocadopit）.

IntheseedworId,thatmakesthemrare,becausemostseedsfrom

fIoweringpIantsarequiterobust.Mostseedscanwaitoutthedry,

unweIcomingseasonsuntiIconditionsarerightandtheysprout（发芽）.

Yetoncetheystartgrowing,suchpIantsseemnottoretaintheability

tohitthepausebuttononmetabolismintheirstemsorIeaves.

[H]AftercompIetingherPh.D.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigating

whetheritmightbepossibIetoisoIatethepropertiesthatmakemost

seedssoresiIient（迅速恢复活力的）andtransferthemtootherpIant

tissues.WhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepasttwodecadesis

thattherearemanygenesinvolvedinresurrectionpIants*responseto

dryness.ManyofthemarethesamethatreguIatehowseedsbecome

dryness-toIerantwhilestillattachedtotheirparentpIants.Nowthey

aretryingtofigureoutwhatmolecularsignaIingprocessesactivate

thoseseed-buiIdinggenesinresurrectionpIants-andhowtoreproduce

themincrops."MostgenesarereguIatedbyamastersetofgenes,n

Farrantsays."We'relookingatgenepromotersandwhatwouIdbetheir

masterswitch.M

[I]OnceFarrantandhercolIeaguesfeeItheyhaveabettersenseofwhich

switchestothrow,theywiIIhavetofindthebestwaytodosoin

usefuIcrops."l'mtryingthreemethodsofbreecing,**Farrantsays:

conventionaI,geneticmodificationandgeneediting.Shesayssheis

awarethatpIentyofpeopIedonotwanttoeatgeneticaIIymodified

crops,butsheispushingaheadwitheveryavaiIabletooluntiIone

works.Farmersandconsumersalikecanchoosewhetherornottouse

whicheverversionprevaiIs:"l'mgivingpeopIeanoption.”

[J]FarrantandothersintheresurrectionbusinessgottogetherIastyear

todiscussthebestspeciesofresurrectionpIanttouseasaIabmodeI.

JustIikemedicaIresearchersuseratstotestideasforhumanmedicaI

treatments,botanistsusepIantsthatarerelativelyeasytogrowina

laborgreenhousesettingtotesttheirideasforrelatedspecies.The

QueensIandrockvioletisoneofthebeststudiedresurrectionpIantsso

far,withadraftgenome（基因图谱）pubIishedIastyearbyaChinese

team.Alsolastyear,FarrantandcolleaguespubIishedadetaiIed

moIecuIarstudyofanothercandidate.Xerophytaviscosa,atough-as-naiI

SouthAfricanpIantwithIiIy_1ikefIowers,andshesaysthatagenome

isontheway.Oneorboth

ofthesemodeIswiIIheIpresearcherstesttheirideas-sofarmostIy

doneintheIab——ontestplots.

[K]Understandingthebasicsciencefirstiskey.Therearegoodreasonswhy

croppIantsdonotusedrynessdefensesaIready.Forinstance,there*s

ahighenergycostinswitchingfromareguIarmetaboIismtoanaImost-

no-watermetaboIism.ItwiIIaIsobenecessarytounderstandwhatsort

ofyieldfarmersmightexpectandtoestabIishtheplant'ssafety."The

yieldisnevergoingtobehigh,“Farrantsays,sothesepIantswiIIbe

targetednotatIowafarmerstryingtosqueezemorecashoutofhigh-

yieldfieIds,butsubsistencefarmerswhoneedheIptosurviveadrought

IikethepresentoneinSouthAfrica."Myvisionisforthesubsistence

farmer,MFarrantsays."l'mtargetingcropsthatareofAfricanvalue.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36.ThereareacoupIeofpIantstoughandadaptabIeenoughtosurviveon

barerockyhillsandindeserts.

37.FarrantistryingtoisoIategenesinresurrectionpIantsandreproducethem

incrops.

38.FarmersinSouthAfricaaremoreatthemercyofnature,especiaIIy

ineonsistentrainfaII.

39.ResurrectioncropsaremostIikeIytobethechoiceofsubsistencefarmers.

40.EventhoughmanypIantshavedeveIopedvarioustacticstocopewithdry

weather,theycannotsurviveaprolongeddrought.

41.Despiteconsumerresistance,researchersarepushingaheadwithgenetic

modificationofcrops.

42.MostseedscanpulIthroughdryspeIIsandbegingrowingwhenconditions

areripe,butoncethisprocessstarts,itcannotbeheldback.

43.Farrantisworkinghardtocu11ivatefoodcropsthatcansurviveextreme

drynessbystudy-ingthetraitsofrarewiIdpIants.

44.Byadjustingtheirmetabolism,resurrectionpIantscanrecoverfroman

extendedperiodof

drought.

45.ResurrectionplantscancomebacktoIifeinashorttimeafterarainfaII.

SectionC

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowed

bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthere

arefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthe

bestcho/ceandmarkthecorrespond/ngletteronAnswerSheet2

withasingle/inethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

HumanmemoryisnotoriouslyunreIiabIe.EvenpeopIewiththesharpest

faciaI-recognitionskillscanonIyremembersomuch.

It'stoughtoquantifyhowgoodapersonisatremembering.Noone

reaIIyknowshowmanydifferentfacessomeonecanrecaII,forexampIe,but

variousestimatestendtohoverinthe

thousands——basedonthenumberofacquaintancesapersonmighthave.

Machinesaren*tIimitedthisway.Givetherightcomputeramassive

databaseoffaces,anditcanprocesswhatitsees-thenrecognizeaface

it'stoldtofind-withremarkabIespeedandprecision.Thisskilliswhat

supportstheenormouspromiseoffaciaI-recognitionsoftwareinthe

21stcentury.It'saIsowhatmakescontemporarysurveiIIancesystemsso

scary.

Thethingis,machinesstillhaveIimitationswhenitcomestofaciaI

recognition.AndscientistsareonIyjustbeginningtounderstandwhatthose

constraintsare.TobegintofigureouthowcomputersarestruggIing,

researchersattheUniversityofWashingtoncreatedamassivedatabaseof

faces——theycaIIitMegaFace-andtestedavarietyoffaciaI-recognition

aIgorithms

（算法）astheyseaIedupincompIexity.Theideawastotestthe

machinesonadatabasethatincIudedupto1milliondifferentimagesof

nearly700,000differentpeopIe-andnotjustalargedatabasefeaturing

arelativelysmaIInumberofdifferentfaces,moreconsistentwithwhat's

beenusedinotherresearch.

Asthedatabasesgrew,machineaccuracydippedacrosstheboard.

AIgorithmsthatwereright95%ofthetimewhentheyweredeaIingwitha

13,000-imagedatabase,forexampIe,were

accurateabout70%ofthetimewhenconfrontedwith1millionimages.

That*sstillprettygood,saysoneoftheresearchers,IraKemeImacher-

ShiIzerman."Muchbetterthanweexpected,nshesaid.

MachinesaIsohaddifficultyadjustingforpeopIewholookaIotalike-

eitherdoppeIgang­

ers(长相极相似的人),whomthemachinewouIdhavetroubIeidentifyingastwo

separate

people,orthesamepersonwhoappeardindifferentphotosatdifferent

agesorindifferentIighting,whomthemachinewouIdincorrectIyviewas

separatepeopIe.

“OnceweseaIeup,aIgorithmsmustbesensitivetotinychangesin

identitiesandatthesametimeinvarianttoIighting,pose,age,n

KemeImacher-Shizermansaid.

ThetroubIeis,formanyoftheresearcherswho'dliketodesign

systemstoaddressthesecha11enges,massivedatasetsforexperimentation

justdon5texist-atIeast,notinformatsthatareaccessibIetoacademic

researchers.TrainingsetsIiketheonesGoogIeandFacebookhave

areprivate.TherearenopubIicdatabasesthatco