第三节 精气血津液课件

第三节精气血津液第三节 精、气、血、津液

第三节精气血津液2教学要求1、掌握气的概念、生成、分类、运动形式及功能。2、掌握精、血、津液的概念、生成及功能。3、熟悉气与血之间的关系。4、了解精与血、气与津液之间的关系。第三节精气血津液3概述

精、气、血、津液是构成人体和维持人体生命活动的基本物质，是脏腑、经络等组织功能活动的物质基础，其生成、输布、排泄的代谢过程又依赖于脏腑、经络等组织的生理活动功能。

Essence,qi,bloodandbodyfluidsarethebasicmaterialtoformandsustainlifeactivitiesofthehumanbody.Themetabolismincludinggeneration,distributionanddischargedependsonvisceraandmeridians.第三节精气血津液4【精】Essence

一、名词术语Terms

1.先天之精Innaeteessence指源于父母的生殖之精，与生俱来，是生命发生的本原,是人体生长发育和生殖的物质基础。

Itreferstotherefinedmaterialbeforebirth,mainlythereproductiveessencefromparents,istheoriginoflife,andthematerialbasisforthehumanbody’sgrowth,developmentandreproduction.第三节精气血津液52.后天之精Acquiredessence指源于脾胃所化生的水谷之精Itreferstotherefinedmaterialafterbirth,mainlytheessencefromfoodgeneratedbythespleenandstomach.第三节精气血津液6

精是构成人体并维持人体生命活动的基本物质，由禀受于父母的先天之精和后天水谷之精相融合而成。

Essencereferstothebasicmaterialtoformandsustainlifeactivitiesofthehumanbody,consistingofinnateessencefromparentsandacquiredfoodessence.二、精的概念Essenceofessence第三节精气血津液7三、精的生成Generationofessence

禀受于父母

先天之精

Fromparents

Innateessence

来源于水谷

后天之精

Fromfood

Acquiredessence

精Essence融合Combination胚胎Theembryo脾胃Thespleenandstomach一身之精Essenceofthewholebody第三节精气血津液8四、精的功能Functionsofessence⒈生殖繁衍

Reproduction肾精是繁衍后代的物质基础Kidneyessenceisthematerialbasisforreproduction⒉生长发育Growthanddevelopment肾精是生长壮老的物质基础Kidneyessenceisthematerialbasisforthelifeprocessofbirth,growth,maturityandold第三节精气血津液9⒊生髓化血Generatingmarrowandblood⑴生髓--肾精是生髓的物质基础Generatingmarrow–Kidneyessenceisthematerialbasisformarrowgeneration⑵化血Generatingblood肾精化生血Kidneyessencegeneratingblood

水谷之精化生血Food

essencegeneratingblood

⒋充养周身—充实脏腑组织、滋养全身Nourishingthebody—Supplementingvisceraandtissuestothewholebody第三节精气血津液10【气】Qi一、名词术语Terms⒈元气Originalqi：又称“原气”，禀于先天，藏于肾中，赖后天精气以充养，是维持人体生命活动的原动力，具有推动人体生长发育，温煦和激发脏腑、经络等组织器官的功能

Itisalsoknownasprimitiveqi,inheritedfromparents,storedinkidneysandnourishedbyacquiredessence,theprimaryforceoflifeactivitieswithfunctionsofpromotinggrowthanddevelopmentofthehumanbody,warmingandstimulatingviscera,meridiansandconstituents.第三节精气血津液11⒉宗气Pectoralqi：

由肺吸入的自然界清气与脾胃化生的水谷精气结合而成，积聚于胸中，灌注于心肺，具有司呼吸、行气血的功能。Itistheqiaccumulatedinsidethechestandtransformedfromthefoodessencegeneratedbythespleenandclearqiinhaledbythelung,perfusingtheheartandlungwithfunctionsofgoverningrespirationandcirculatingbloodandqi.第三节精气血津液12⒊营气Nutritiveqi:

由饮食水谷所化生的精气，行于脉中，具有化生血液，营养周身的功能。Itistheqicirculatinginsidevesselsgeneratedfromthenutritivepartoffoodessencewiththefunctionofgeneratingbloodtonourishthewholebody.第三节精气血津液13⒋卫气Defensiveqi

由饮食水谷所化生的悍气，行于脉外，具有温煦和卫护机体、抗御外邪，以及主司汗孔开合的功能。Itistheqicirculatingalongvesselsexternallygeneratedfromthevigorousandactivepartoffoodessencewithfunctionsofwarminganddefendingthebodyfrominvasionofexogenouspathogensaswellasgoverningopenandclosureofsweatpores.第三节精气血津液14二、气的概念

气是具有很强活力，不断运动的极精细的物质，是构成人体和维持人体活动的基本物质。气敷布于全身，是脏腑、经络形体、官窍生理功能的物质基础。Qiisthevigorousandrefinedmaterialandthemosebasicmaterialtoformandsustainlifeactivitiesofthehumanbody.Qidistributestothewholebody,andisthematerialbasisforphysiologicalfunctionofviscera,meridians,bodyconstituentsandsenseorgansandorifices.第三节精气血津液15三、气的生成自然之气(肺)脏腑之气Clearqi

(Thelung)

Visceralqi水谷之气(脾)经络之气Foodessence(Thespleen)

Meridianqi先天之气(肾)营气Innateqi(Thekidneys)Nutritiveqi

卫气

Defensiveqi一身之气Qiofthewholebody

分布全身Distribution相互融合Combination第三节精气血津液16四、气的运动Movementofqi运动形式Movementform生理意义Physiologicalsignification病理类型Pathologicaltype升(自下而上)Ascending(Fromthelowertotheupper)降(自上而下)Descending(Fromtheuppertothelower)出(由内而外)Exiting(Fromtheinteriortotheexterior)入(由外而内)Entering(Fromtheexteriortotheinterior)维持人体生命活动的基本条件Thepremisestomaintainlifeactivities气逆Reversedflowofqi气陷Qisinking气脱Qiprostration气闭Qiblockage气滞、气郁Qistagnation第三节精气血津液17五、气的功能Functionsofqi（一）推动作用Promoting促进生长发育与生殖Promotinggrowth,developmentandreproduction激发脏腑组织的功能活动Stimulatingfunctionsofvisceraandtissues推动血液、津液的生成、运行和代谢Promotinggeneration,circulationandmetabolismofbloodandbodyfluid第三节精气血津液18（二）温煦作用Warmig

维持恒定的体温Maintainingconstantbodytemperature促进脏腑组织的功能活动Promotingfunctionsofvisceraandtissues维持血液、津液等液态物质的运行

Sustainingcirculationoffluidsuchasbloodandbodyfluid（三）防御作用Defending固护肌表，防御外邪Consolidatingbodysurfacetodefendinvasionofexogenouspathogens抗御外邪，驱邪外出Defendingexogenouspathogenanddrivingitout第三节精气血津液19（四）固摄作用Consolidating固摄体内液态物质，防止异常外泄Consolidatingbodyfluidtoavoidloss固摄内脏，保持恒定位置Consolidatingvisceratomaintainafixedlocation（五）气化作用Qitransformation促进脏腑经络的功能活动Promotingfunctionsofvisceraandmeridians完成精、气、血、津液的代谢及相互转化Promotingmetabolismandinter-transformationamongessence,qi,bloodandbodyfluid第三节精气血津液20六、气的分类

先天之气－－源于父母－－元气(肾中)

InnateqiFromparentOriginalqi(kidneys)一身之气

Qiofthewholebod宗气（胸中）自然清气Pectoralqi(inthechese)后天之气Clearqi营气（脉中）

Acquiredqi

Nutritiveqi(insidevessels)水谷之气卫气（脉外）Foodessence

Defensiveqi(outsidevessels)

脏腑之气(脏腑之中)Visceralqi(viscera)经络之气(经络之中)Meridianqi(meridians)第三节精气血津液21

（一）元气Originalqi⒈生成Generation

元气来源于先天，赖后天水谷精微的不断培育充养Originalqiismainlyfromtheinnatesourceandunderconstantnourishmentofacquiredfoodessence.⒉分布Distribution元气是先天之气，根源于肾，以三焦为道路而流行全身，内至五脏六腑，外达肌肤腠理，无所不至，无处不到。Originalqipertainstoinnateqi,rootedinkidneys,anddistributestothewholeboythroughthetripleenergizertoreachviscerainternallyandskinandintersticesexternally.第三节精气血津液22⒊功能Functions⑴藏于肾中之元气，可推动和调节人体的生长发育和生殖功能。

Originalqiinkidneyscanpromoteandregulatethegrowth,developmentandreproductionofthehumanbody.⑵流布于周身之元气，可推动和激发各脏腑、经络、形体、官窍的生理活动。Originalqidistributinginsidethebodycanpromoteandstimulatephysiologicalfunctionsofviscera,meridians,bodyconstituents,senseorgansandorifices.第三节精气血津液23（二）宗气Pectoralqi⒈生成Generation是由脾化生的水谷之精微，上输于肺，与肺吸入的自然之清气相互融合而生成。Pectoralqiisthecombinationoffoodessence,generatedbythespleenanddistributedtothelung,andtheclearqiinhaledbylung.第三节精气血津液24⒉分布Distribution主要分布在心肺，一是贯注心脉，二是布散于呼吸道。

Pectoralqimainlyaccumulatesinsidethechest,andthechestisthelocationoftheheartandlung.

⒊功能Functions⑴促进心脏推动血液运行Itassiststhehearttopromotebloodcirculation⑵维持肺司呼吸的功能Itsustainsrespiratoryfunctionofthelung第三节精气血津液25（三）营气Nutritiveqi⒈生成Generation主要来自于饮食，是由脾胃运化吸收的水谷精微中最富有营养的部分所生成的。Nutritiveqiismainlyfromfood,generatedformthemostnutritiouspartoffoodessencegeneratedbythespleenandstomach.第三节精气血津液26⒉分布Distribution行于脉内Insidevessels

⒊功能Functions化生血液，营养周身

Generatingbloodandnourishingthewholebody第三节精气血津液27（四）卫气Defensiveqi⒈生成Generation也来源于饮食水谷，是由脾胃运化吸收的水谷精微中刚悍滑利的部分所化生的气。Defensiveqiismainlygeneratedfromfood,especiallyformthevigorouspartoffoodessencethatcirculatesrapidly.第三节精气血津液28⒉分布Distribution行于脉外Outsidevessels⒊功能Functions护肌表防外邪，温养脏腑皮毛，调节汗孔开合

Protectingbodysurfacetoavoidinvasionofexogenouspathogens,warmingviscera,skinandhair,regulatingopenandclosureofsweatpore.第三节精气血津液29【血】Blood一、名词术语Terms⒈血Blood：运行于脉管之中，循环流注于全身，具有营养和滋润作用的红色液体。

Itistheredfluidcirculatinginsidevesselswithfunctionsofnourishingandmoistening.⒉血府Bloodhouse：血液汇聚运行在脉中，故称脉为“血府”。Itisvesselsthatbloodcirculatesinside,soitisknownasbloodhouse.第三节精气血津液30二、血的概念Basicconceptofblood血是运行于脉管之中，循环流注于全身，具有营养和滋润作用的红色液体，也是构成和维持生命活动的基本物质。血与气相对而言，属性为“阴”，故又称“阴血”。

Bloodistheredfluidcirculatinginsidevesselswithfunctionsofnourishingandmoistening,andalsothebasicmaterialtoformandsustainlifeactivities.Comparedwithqi,bloodpertainstoyin,soitisalsoknownasyinblood.第三节精气血津液31三、血的生成GenerationofbloodFoodessence水谷精微饮食

Food脾胃腐化Spleenandstomach’sdigestionNutritiveqi营气津液BodyfluidKidneyessence肾精Liverblood肝血Blood血Ascendingtothelung上输于肺自然界清气ClearqifromnatureFransformingintobloodintheheart入心化赤第三节精气血津液32四、血的运行与脏腑的关系

Relationshipbetweenbloodcirculationandviscera①Promoting推动作用Theheartgoverningvessels—Promotingbloodcirculation心主血脉--推动血液运行Thelungassemblingvessels—Assistingthehearttocirculateblood肺朝百脉--助心运行血液②Consolidating固摄作用Thelivergoverningsmoothingflowofqi—Promotingbloodcirculation肝主疏泄--促进血液运行Spleengoverningblood—Consolidatingbloodinsidevessels脾主统血--固摄血行脉道③Regulating调节作用Theliverstoringblood—Storingbloodtoregulatebloodvolume肝主藏血--贮藏调节血量Normalbloodcirculation血液运行正常第三节精气血津液33五、血的功能

Functionsofblood（一）濡养—营养滋润周身Nourishingthewholebody（二）化神—充养精神活动Nourishingmentalactivities第三节精气血津液34【津液】BodyFluids一、名词术语Terms⒈津液BodyFluids：津和液的合称，是机体内一切正常水液的总称。

Itincludesjinandye,referringtothenormalfluidsinsidethehumanbody.第三节精气血津液35二、津和液的区别

DifferencebetweenjinandyeItem津jin液ye性状Characteristic性清稀，流动性较大Diluted,andhighlyfluid性稠厚，流动性较小Dense,andlowerfluid分布Distribution布散于皮肤、肌肉和孔窍Distributingintheskin,muscleandorifices灌注于脏腑、骨节、脑髓Perfusingintoviscera,jointsandmarrow功能Functions滋润作用为主Moistening濡养润滑作用为主Nourishingandlubricating第三节精气血津液36三、津液的代谢Metabolismofbodyfluids（一）生成GenerationFood食物Spleenandstomach’sdigesting脾胃腐化Smallintestine小肠Largeinstestine大肠Acceptinganddigestingfoodtoseparatetheclearfromtheturbid受盛化物,泌别清浊Transportingandtransforming,absorbwater传导变化,吸收水分Bodyfluid津液第三节精气血津液37（二）输布DistributionofbodyfluidsWaterenterinthestomach饮食入胃Distributingwater游溢精气Spleen

脾Ascending散精归上Lung肺Dispersing宣发Head,face,muscleandskin

头面肌表Descending肃降Eachviscera各个脏腑Kidneys肾Qitransformation气化Theclear清Urine尿液Bladder膀胱Theturbid浊Tripleenergizeristhepassage,andtheliverregulatesqimovement三焦为通路,肝调畅气机第三节精气血津液38（三）排泄DischargeofbodyfluidsBodyfluid津液Lunggoverningdispersing

肺主宣发Kidneysgoverningsteaming肾主气化Largeintestine’stransportation大肠传导Sweatandrespiration汗液、呼吸Turbidfluid浊液Urine(Majorstep)小便(主要环节)Qitransformationoftheb38ladder膀胱气化Bowels大便第三节精气血津液39（四）功能Functionsofbodyfluids⒈润养全身Nourishingthewholebody⒉化生血液Transformingintoblood⒊调节阴阳Regulatingyinandyang⒋排泄废物Dischargingwasteproductions第三节精气血津液40【精、气、血、津液之间的关系】

RelationshipsamongEssence,

Qi,BloodandBodyFluids第三节精气血津液41名词术语Terms⒈气为血之帅Qiisthegeneralofblood：气对血作用的概括，包括气生血、气行血、气摄血。

Itisthegeneralizationofqi’sfunctiononblood,includingqigeneratingblood,qicirculatingbloodandqiconsolidatingblood.⒉血为气之母：Bloodisthemotherofqi：血对气作用的概括，包括血生气、血载气。Itisthegeneralizationofblood’sfunctiononqi,includingbloodtonfiyingqiandbloodtransportingqi.第三节精气血津液42

⒊气随津(液)脱Qicollapseduetolossoffluid:由于大吐、大泻、大汗等使津液大量流失，导致气无所依附，随之外泄的病变。

Duetoexcessivevomiting,diarrhea,sweating,bodyfluidslostheavily,leadingtoqidependingonnoplacesandlosing.第三节精气血津液43（一）精与气的关系

Relationshipbetweenessenceandqi

①精能化气Essencegeneratingqi

②气能生精Qipromotingessencegeneration第三节精气血津液44（二）精与血的关系

Relationshipbetweenessenceandblood①精能化血Essencegeneratingblood②血能养精Bloodgeneratingessence第三节精气血津液45（三）气与血的关系⒈气对