新版译林高中英语课件教案练习选择性必修三 Unit 3 Back to the past（A卷·夯实基础）（解析版）

Unit3Backtothepast测试（A卷·夯实基础）（时间：90分钟，满分：100分）第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共10小题:每小题2分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2020·四川乐山·高三阶段练习）Lookingaroundyourcity,itmaybehardtoimaginethattheremightbeatimewhenitwilldisappear.Butthat'sexactlywhathappenedtothesecommunities.HashimaIsland,JapanHashimaIslandwasformerlyoneofthemostpopulatedcitiesintheworld.The6hectareislandprovidedjobstomorethan5000people,manyofwhommadetheirlivingattheisland'sunderwatercoalmines.Whenthemineswereclosed,HashimaIslandwasabandoned.Consonno,ItalyConsonnowasatinytownwithapopulationoflessthan300androotsdatingbacktothemiddleages.ThenMarioBagnocamealonganddecidedtoturntheareaintotheLasVegasofItaly.Heknockeddownnearlyeverybuilding.Thenlandslidestruck,buryingtheaccessroadandtheprojectwasneverfinished.Today,Consonnohasbeenabandoned.EasternSettlement,GreenlandEasternSettlementinGreenlandisn'tjustanabandonedcity,it'salsoamystery.OncethemostpopulatedareainGreenland,theareawasabandonedandnooneknowswhy.Thelastknownwritingsfromtheareaappliedtoaweddingin1408andofferednoclues.Itremainsoneofmanyancientmysteriesresearcherscan,texplain.Troy,TurkeyTroywasregardedimmortal（不朽的）inHomer'sepicpoem,TheIliad.Formanyyears,theTroyofAncientGreecewasmerelythestuffoflegendbutinthe1800sitslocationwasdiscoveredinwhatisnowTurkey.Thesitecontainslayersofruinsarchaeologistsarestillstudying.1．Whatdothefourcommunitieshaveincommon?A．Theyweredeserted. B．Theywerecapitalcities.C．Theyweretouristspots. D．Theywerethicklypopulated.2．Whichcommunitysufferedfromanaturaldisaster?A．HashimaIsland. B．Consonno.C．EasternSettlement. D．Troy.3．WhatdoweknowaboutEasternSettlement?A．Itdisappearedfornoobviousreason.B．It'saplacewhereweddingswereheld.C．It'saplaceforvisitorstoexperiencehistory.D．ItexistedasoneoftheoldesttownsinGreenland.【答案】ABA【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个消失的古城。1.细节理解题。根据HashimaIsland,Japan部分最后一句“Whenthemineswereclosed,HashimaIslandwasabandoned.”（矿场关闭后，军舰岛就被废弃了。），Consonno,Italy部分最后一句“Today,Consonnohasbeenabandoned.”（如今，Consonno已被废弃。），EasternSettlement,Greenland部分第二句“OncethemostpopulatedareainGreenland,theareawasabandonedandnooneknowswhy.”（这里曾经是格陵兰岛人口最多的地区，现在却被遗弃了，没有人知道原因。）和Troy,Turkey部分最后一句“Thesitecontainslayersofruinsarchaeologistsarestillstudying.”（考古学家们还在对遗址进行研究。）可知，这四个社区的共同点是它们都被废弃了。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据Consonno,Italy部分倒第二句“Thenlandslidestruck,buryingtheaccessroadandtheprojectwasneverfinished.”（然后发生了山体滑坡，掩埋了道路，工程一直没有完成。）可知，Consonno遭受过自然灾害。故选B。3.细节理解题。根据EasternSettlement,Greenland部分第二句“OncethemostpopulatedareainGreenland,theareawasabandonedandnooneknowswhy.”（这里曾经是格陵兰岛人口最多的地区，现在却被遗弃了，没有人知道原因。）可知，EasternSettlement毫无缘由地消失了。故选A。B（2020·全国·高二课时练习）ThereweremanybattlesthattookplaceduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1775—1783),butperhapssoneoftheworstbattlesinvolved.theAmericanContinentalArmyversus(对抗)thewinteratValleyForgein1777and1778.HeremanypeoplebelievewaswheretheAmericanArmywasborn.ValleyForgeislocatedabout25milesnorthwestofPhiladelphiainthesoutheasterncornerofPennsylvania.GeneralGeorgeWashingtonwasthecommander-in-chiefoftheContinentalArmyandhedecidedtosetupwintercampatValleyForge.ItwasclosetoPhiladelphia,whichwaswheretheBritishhadbeencampingoutforthewinter.Thisallowedhimtokeepawatchfuleyeontheirmovements.TherewerehighareasinMountJoyandMountMiserywherethearmycouldmakefortifications(防御工事).NearbywasalsotheSchuylkillRiver,whichwasusedasabarriertotheNorth.Thearmy'sstayatValleyForgeturnedintoatimeoftraining.BesidesWashington,twootherleadersincludedGeneralFriedrichvonSteubenandGeneralMarquisdeLafayette.SteubenwasborninPrussiaandarrivedatValleyForgewitharecommendationletterfromstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklin.HetrainedtheContinentalArmyusingthedailydrill(操练),evenintheextremelycoldweather.Infact,hewasresponsibleforwritingthearmy'sRevolutionaryWarDrillManual,whichservedasthestandardUnitedStatesdrillmanual(手册)untiltheWarof1812.LafayettewasaFrenchmilitaryleader,workingfornopay,andaskingfornospecialtreatment.Helaterbecameanimportantcommanderinseveralkeybattlesduringthewar.Besidesthefreezingweather,itwasconsistentlycold,wet,andsnowyatValleyForge.Inaddition,foodwaslacking,andtherewereveryfewwarmclothes,shoes,orblankets.Thelogcabinstheylivedinwerecrowded,coldanddamp,andalloweddiseasestoeasilyspread.Ofthe10,000menatValleyForge,2,500diedbeforethebreakofspringmostlyfromdiseases.FollowingthewinteratValleyForge,underWashington'sleadership,abetter-disciplined,trained,andmorepowerfularmy,inhighspirits,leftonJune19,1778.Ninedayslater,theirfirstvictoryagainsttheBritishoccurredattheBattleofMonmouthinNewJersey.4．WhywasValleyForgechosenasthesiteofawintercamp?A．Itwaskeytotheeffectiveconductofwar. B．Itwasanidealplaceformilitarytraining.C．ItwasveryfarfromtheBritishcamp. D．Itwasanareawithadequatesupplies.5．Whowastheauthoroftheimportantdrillmanual?A．BenjaminFranklin. B．GeorgeWashington.C．MarquisdeLafayette. D．FriedrichvonSteuben.6．WhichcanbeusedtodescribetheconditionsatValleyForge?A．Strange. B．Tough. C．Favorable. D．Relaxing.7．HowdidtheContinentalArmychangeafterthewinter?A．ItwastakenoverbytheAmericanArmy. B．Itwonmoresupportfromthepeople.C．Ithadmanymoresoldiers. D．Itbecameastrongerarmy.【答案】ADBD【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是美国独立战争期间，大陆军在乔治·华盛顿的领导下在福吉谷不畏严寒、不怕吃苦、顽强训练，最终首次战胜了英国人。4．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Thisallowedhimtokeepawatchfuleyeontheirmovements.TherewerehighareasinMountJoyandMountMiserywherethearmycouldmakefortifications(防御工事).NearbywasalsotheSchuylkillRiver,whichwasusedasabarriertotheNorth”（这使他能够密切注视他们的一举一动。乔伊山和瘟神山有高地，军队可以在那里建造防御工事。附近还有斯库尔基尔河(SchuylkillRiver)，这条河曾被用作通往北方的屏障）可推断，华盛顿把福吉谷选为冬天营地是因为那里具有重要的战略意义，对于高效作战极为关键。根据“ItwasclosetoPhiladelphia,whichwaswheretheBritishhadbeencampingoutforthewinter.”（它靠近费城，英国人在那里露营过冬）可以判断C项错误，福吉谷距离英军营地很近。由第六段的“thefreezingweather”（寒冷的天气）和“foodwaslacking,andtherewereveryfewwarmclothes,shoes,orblankets”（食物缺乏，保暖的衣服、鞋子和毯子也很少）可知，环境极为艰苦，供给也不足，B、D两项与文意不符。故选A。5．细节理解题。由第四段中的“SteubenwasborninPrussia...hewasresponsibleforwritingthearmy'sRevolutionaryWarDrillMarua”（斯图本出生在普鲁士他负责撰写了《独立战争操练手册》）可知，Steuben编写了《独立战争操练手册》。故选D。6．推理判断题。由倒数第二段的“Besidesthefreezingweather,itwasconsistentlycold,wet,andsnowyatValleyForge.Inaddition,foodwaslacking,andtherewereveryfewwarmclothes,shoes,orblankets.Thelogcabinstheylivedinwerecrowded,coldanddamp,andalloweddiseasestoeasilyspread”（除了寒冷的天气，福吉谷还一直寒冷、潮湿、多雪。此外，食物缺乏，保暖的衣服、鞋子和毯子也很少。他们住的小木屋又冷又湿，很容易传染疾病）可知，福吉谷气候恶劣，环境艰苦。故选B。7．推理判断题。由最后一段的“FollowingthewinteratValleyForge,underWashington'sleadership,abetter-disciplined,trained,andmorepowerfularmy,inhighspirits,leftonJune19,1778.Ninedayslater,theirfirstvictoryagainsttheBritishoccurredattheBattleofMonmouthinNewJersey”（在福吉谷度过了一个冬天之后，在华盛顿的领导下，一支更有纪律、训练有素、更强大的军队，在1778年6月19日兴致勃勃地离开了。九天之后，他们在新泽西的蒙茅斯战役中取得了对英国的第一次胜利）可知，经过福吉谷严冬的磨练，大陆军变成了一支更强大的军队。故选D。C（2021·北京·人大附中三模）ItwasasimpleletteraskingforaplacetostudyatScotland'soldestuniversitywhichhelpedstartarevolutioninhighereducation.A140-year-oldletterwrittenbyaladycallingforhertobeledtostudymedicineatStAndrewsUniversityhasbeendiscoveredbyresearchers.WrittenbySophiaJex-Blakein1873,thesevendocument,whichurgedtheuniversitytoallowwomentostudymedicineattheinstitution,wasreleasedyesterdayonInternationalWomen'sDay.Thedocumentwasdiscoveredburiedintheuniversityarchivesbypart-timehistorystudentLisSmith,whoiscompletingherPhDatStAndrewsInstituteofScottishHistoricalResearch.Shesaid,"WeknewthatSophiaJex-Blakeandhersupporters,intheirefforttoopenupuniversitymedicaleducationforwomen,hadwrittentotheSenatusAcademicus（校评议委员会）atStAndrewsinanattempttogainpermissiontoattendclassesthere,butwedidn'tknowdocumentaryevidenceexisted.Whilesearchingthearchivesforinformationabouttheuniversity'shighercertificateforwomen,IwasastonishedtocomeacrosswhatmustbetheveryletterJex-Blakewrote."Intheletter,SophiaandhersupportersofferedtohireteachersorbuildsuitablebuildingsforamedicalschoolandtoarrangeforlecturestobedeliveredinthesubjectsnotalreadycoveredatStAndrews.Althoughherletterwasnotsuccessful,iteventuallyledtotheestablishmentoftheLadiesLiterateinArtsatStAndrews,adistance-learningdegreeforwomen.Thequalification,whichranfrom1877untilthe1930s,gavewomenaccesstouniversityeducationinthedaysbeforetheywereadmittedasstudents.ItwassopopularthatitsurvivedlongafterwomenwereadmittedasfullstudentstoStAndrewsin1892.MsJex-BlakewentontohelpestablishtheLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenin1874.ShewasacceptedbytheUniversityofBerne,whereshewasawardedamedicaldegreeinJanuary1877.Eventually,shemovedbacktoEdinburghandopenedherownpractice.8．SophiawrotealettertoStAndrewsUniversitybecauseshewanted________.A．tocarryoutaresearchprojectthereB．tosetupamedicalinstitutethereC．tostudymedicinethereD．todeliverlecturesthere9．LisSmithfoundSophia'slettertoStAndrewsUniversity________.A．bypurechance B．intheschoolofficeC．withhersupporters'help D．whilereadinghistorybook10．Sophia'sletterresultedintheestablishmentof________.A．theLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenB．adegreeprogrammeforwomenC．asystemofmedicaleducationD．theUniversityofBerner【答案】CAB【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章向人们介绍了一封尘封了140年信。该信被研究人员偶然发现,那是一位女士向圣安德鲁斯大学写的学医申请信，只是要求在苏格兰最古老的大学里能有一席之地学习。这封由名叫索菲亚・杰克斯・布莱克的女性于1873年写的信在昨天的国际妇女节上被发布出来，整整七页的信敦促大学允许女性在医学研究机构学习，从而促使了妇女学位课程的创立。8．细节理解题。根据第一段“WrittenbySophiaJex-Blakein1873,thesevendocument,whichurgedtheuniversitytoallowwomentostudymedicineattheinstitution,wasreleasedyesterdayonInternationalWomen'sDay.(这份长达7页的文件由索菲亚·杰克斯·布莱克于1873年撰写，敦促牛津大学允许女性在该机构学习医学。该文件于昨天的“国际妇女节”发布。)”可知，索菲亚给圣安德鲁斯大学写了一封信，因为她想在那里学医。故选C。9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Thedocumentwasdiscoveredburiedintheuniversityarchivesbypart-timehistorystudentLisSmith,whoiscompletingherPhDatStAndrewsInstituteofScottishHistoricalResearch.(这份文件是由在圣安德鲁斯苏格兰历史研究学院攻读博士学位的历史学学生李·史密斯在大学档案中发现的。)”可推断，此信的发现纯属偶然。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Althoughherletterwasnotsuccessful,iteventuallyledtotheestablishmentoftheLadiesLiterateinArtsatStAndrews,adistance-learningdegreeforwomen.(尽管她的信没有成功，但最终促成了圣安德鲁斯女子艺术教育机构的建立，这是一个面向女性的远程学习学位。)”可知，此信促使了妇女学位课程的创立。故选B。第二节(共5小题:每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2021·山东胶州·高一期末）Britonsarewellknownfortheamountofteathattheydrink.TheaveragepersonintheUKconsumesaround1.9kgofteaannually.That’saround876cupsoftea.Teaisdrunkbyallsectionsofsociety.____11____ThevastmajorityofteaisgrowninIndiaandChina.So,howdiditbecomeanimportantpartofBritishculture?TeaarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.____12____Itwasnotlongbeforegreenteawasavailabletobuy.However,thiswasonlyavailabletotherichersectionsofsociety.Atthebeginningofthe1700stheamountofteaarrivinginBritainincreasedgradually.Blackteaarrivedatthistime.____13____Theysoondiscoveredthatitmixedreallywellwithalittlemilkandsugar,givingthedrinkaspecialBritishcharacteristic.Inthe1800steawasstillaproductenjoyedonlybypeoplewithmoney.Atthistimetheybegantohave‘afternoontea’.Thisinvolvesdrinkingteawithasnackaround4p.m.toavoidfeelinghungrybetweenlunchanddinner.____14________15____Itwasnolongeradrinkjustforrichpeople.Tearooms-shopswhereyoucouldbuyanddrinktea-startedtoappearacrossthecountry.Peopleenjoyeddrinkingteaandsocialisingintheseplaces.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,Britonsbegantomaketeaintheirhomeswhenevertheyfeltlikeit.Kettlesbecameessentialineverykitchen.A．ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.B．Britainbegantodrinkteaintheseventeenthcentury.C．AtfirstpeopledrankthisteaexactlyasitwasinChina.D．TheteacultureofBritainisthemostfamousandtypical.E．Itisatraditionthatisstillgoingtodaybuthasbecomelesspopularinrecenttimes.F．AtthistimeBritishshipswereexploringtheworldandcameacrossthedrinkinChina.G．Inthelate1800s,thepriceofteadecreasedsharplyasmoreteabegantoarriveonshipsfromIndiaandChina.【答案】AFCEG【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了茶从中国到英国、逐渐流行起来的历史。11．上文“Teaisdrunkbyallsectionsofsociety.”说明社会各阶层都喝茶；下文“ThevastmajorityofteaisgrowninIndiaandChina.”说明大多数的茶叶都产自中国和印度。空格处承上启下。故应该从谈论喝茶过渡到谈论茶叶种植；而后文指出种于印度和中国，故空格处英国是说英国人虽喝茶但是茶叶却不是产自英国。选项A“ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.”但是茶叶不是在英国种植的，能承上启下。故选A项。12．上文“TeaarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.”说明茶叶传到英国的时间是17世纪。而后文“Itwasnotlongbeforegreenteawasavailabletobuy.”告知不久之后绿茶就能买得到了。故可推断出空格处是关于17世纪发生了什么事情导致茶叶不久之后就能购买了。F选项指出英国全球探险的船只在中国偶然发现了茶这种饮品，即“cameacrossthedrinkinChina”符合前后文设置的语境。故选F项。13．前文“Blackteaarrivedatthistime.”指出18世纪红茶也传到了英国。后文“Theysoondiscoveredthatitmixedreallywellwithalittlemilkandsugar,givingthedrinkaspecialBritishcharacteristic.”进一步指出英国人很快发现把红茶和一点牛奶、糖混合在一起特别好，由英国风味。故可推测出最初英国人喝红茶和中国人采取一样的方式，后面才进行创新。故C选项“drankthisteaexactlyasitwasinChina”与语境相符。故选C项。14．前文“Atthistimetheybegantohave‘afternoontea’.Thisinvolvesdrinkingteawithasnackaround4p.m.toavoidfeelinghungrybetweenlunchanddinner.”指出英国人逐渐开始喝下午茶，用茶搭配一些小点心以缓解午餐和晚餐之间的饥饿。可推断出这一段的核心是“下午茶”。E选项进一步解释“下午茶”是英国一大传统“atradition”，但最近没那么流行了“becomelesspopular”符合本段段落大意。故选E项。15．根据前文第二段到第四段的首句“inthe1600s”，“Atthebeginningofthe1700s”，“Inthe1800s”可推断出本文介绍茶在英国的历史主要以时间顺序展开，故这一段首句也应包含一个时间状语。后文“Itwasnolongeradrinkjustforrichpeople.”表明茶叶不再是富人专享。可推断出空格处应该讲述发生了何事导致茶叶的价格降低。G选项“asmoreteabegantoarriveonshipsfromIndiaandChina.”指出这是因为越来越多的茶叶通过船运从印度和中国运往英国，符合语境。故选G项。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2019·福建·高一期末）OneofthemostimportanteventsinthemodernOlympicGamesistheMarathon(马拉松)race.Therace___16___oneofthegreateventsinGreekhistory.In490BC．about10,000Greeks___17___againstthePersianarmyataplacecalledMarathon.Itis___18___thatthePersiansweretentimesas___19___astheGreeks.However,wherethereisawill,thereisaway.___20___thebraveattackoftheGreeks,thePersianswerebadlybeatenand___21___awayfromtheplainofMarathon.WhenthePersianshadrunaway,asoldier,whowasthemostfamous___22___inAthens,was___23___tocarrythegoodnewstothecityandhewasalsoaskedtomarchatfullspeed.Althoughhehadfoughtthroughthebattleand___24___manywounds,thesoldieratoncestartedofftowardthe____25____city____26____wastwenty-sixandaquartermilesfromtheplainofMarathontotheMarketplaceofAthens,____27____theretheeldersofAthenshadgathered____28____fornews.Heranandranover____29____andacrossplains.Ashewenton,hislipsbecame____30____andhisbreathinghard,butwhenhethoughtofthejoyofthepeopleofAthensonhearingthenews,heranharderthanever.AtlasttheeldersofAthensheardagreatshoutandsawasoldierstaggering(蹒跚)towardthem.”Rejoice!Rejoice!Wewon!”saidthesoldier,andfelldowndead.Inhonorofthisnoblesoldierandathlete,wehaveinthemodernOlympicGamestheMarathonrace,wheretheathletesrunthissamedistance.16．A．comeround B．cameabout C．cameout D．camefrom17．A．exploded B．competed C．fought D．hunted18．A．designed B．said C．told D．reported19．A．little B．few C．many D．much20．A．In B．To C．Before D．By21．A．taken B．driven C．got D．rolled22．A．player B．officer C．soldier D．runner23．A．advised B．ordered C．succeeded D．allowed24．A．accepted B．harmed C．received D．formed25．A．far B．nearby C．close D．distant26．A．This B．That C．There D．It27．A．and B．but C．or D．so28．A．asking B．calling C．waiting D．looking29．A．railways B．hills C．rivers D．highways30．A．fancy B．wet C．red D．dry【答案】DCBCDBDBCDDACBD【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了现代奥运会的马拉松比赛是为了纪念一个从战场上跑到雅典传送捷报的希腊士兵而举办的。16．考查动词短语辨析。A.comeround苏醒；B.cameabout产生；C.cameout出现、出版；D.camefrom来自、源自。根据本空后的“oneofthegreateventsinGreekhistory.”可知，马拉松比赛源自希腊历史上最伟大的事件之一，故D选项切题。17．考查动词词义辨析。A.exploded爆炸；B.competed竞争；C.fought斗争、战斗；D.hunted捕猎。根据本空后的“againstthePersianarmyataplacecalledMarathon.”可知，公元前490年，大约一万希腊士兵与波斯军队作战，故C选项切题。18．考查动词词义辨析。A.designed设计；B.said说；C.told告诉；D.reported报道。根据本空后的“thatthePersiansweretentimesas…astheGreeks.”可知，据说，波斯军队的人数是希腊人的十倍，故B选项切题。19．考查形容词词义辨析。A.little少、几乎没有（修饰不可数名词）；B.few少、几乎没有（修饰可数名词复数）；C.many多（修饰可数名词复数）；D.much多（修饰不可数名词）。波斯军队的人数是希腊人的十倍，故C选项切题。20．考查固定搭配。根据本空后的“thebraveattackoftheGreeks,thePersianswerebadlybeatenand…awayfromtheplainofMarathon.”可知，在希腊人的英勇进攻下，波斯人遭到重创，被赶出了马拉松平原，Bytheattackof表示“在……的进攻下”，故D选项切题。21．考查动词词义辨析。A.taken带走；B.driven驱赶；C.got得到；D.rolled滚动。波斯人遭到重创，被赶出了马拉松平原，故B选项切题。22．考查名词词义辨析。A.player玩家；B.officer官员；C.soldier士兵；D.runner长跑运动员。这个士兵是雅典最出名的长跑运动员，故D选项切题。23．考查动词词义辨析。A.advised建议；B.ordered命令；C.succeeded成功；D.allowed允许。根据本空后的“tocarrythegoodnewstothecityandhewasalsoaskedtomarchatfullspeed.”可知，这个士兵被命令全速奔跑，把波斯军队撤退的好消息带到城里，故B选项切题。24．考查动词词义辨析。A.accepted接受；B.harmed有害；C.received收到；D.formed形成。根据本空前的“hehadfoughtthroughthebattleand可知，这个士兵参加了战斗并受了很多伤，故C选项切题。25．考查形容词词义辨析。A.far久远的；B.nearby近的；C.close亲密的；D.distant遥远的（形容距离）。尽管受了很多伤，这个士兵还是向遥远的城市出发了，故D选项切题。26．考查形式主语。从马拉松平原到雅典市集有26.25英里，用It作形式主语，故D选项切题。27．考查连词词义辨析。A.and并且、还；B.but但是；C.or否则；D.so所以。雅典的长者聚在那里等待前方的消息，此处表示并列，故A选项切题。28．考查动词词义辨析。A.asking问；B.calling呼叫；C.waiting等待；D.looking看。他们聚在那里等待前方的消息，故C选项切题。29．考查名词词义辨析。A.railways铁路；B.hills山；C.rivers河流；D.highways高速公路。根据本空后的“andacrossplains.”可知，他越过高山，穿过平原，故B选项切题。30．考查形容词词义辨析。A.fancy美妙的；B.wet湿的；C.red红的；D.dry干的。长时间的奔跑使他的嘴唇变干裂，故D选项切题。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2019·全国全国·高一课时练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheVikings,agroupofpeople__31__ancestorscamefromScandinavia,werethefirstEuropeans__32__(reach)America.In982AD,therewere10,000Vikings__33__(live)inIceland.According__34__theoldstories,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommitted__35__murder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.HereachedGreenlandandthenreturnedtoIcelandandtoldpeopleaboutGreenland.Later,hesetsailagain,with25ships,ofwhichonly14made__36__toGreenland.AmancalledBiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinan__37__(know)landthatnohumansseemedtohavesteppedon,fromwherehereachedGreenland.In1002,ErictheRed’ssonLeiffollowedBiarni’sdirectionsandsailedtowhatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresent-dayCanada.Hethensailed__38__(far)southtoanislandnowknownasNewfoundland.Weknowabouttheirdeedsthroughstorieswhich__39__(write)downcenturieslaterinNorwayandIceland.Theyarethefirst___40___(record)wehaveofEuropeanssailingtotheAmerica.【答案】31．whose32．toreach33．living34．to35．a36．it37．unknown38．further39．werewritten40．records【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了维京人是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。31．考查关系代词。句意：维京人是最早到达美洲的欧洲人，他们的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。分析句子可知，“1ancestorscamefromScandinavia”是定语从句，修饰先行词people，空处在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，所以用关系代词whose。故填whose。32．考查动词不定式。句意：维京人是最早到达美洲的欧洲人，他们的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。当名词被序数词修饰时，要用todo作后置定语。故填toreach。33．考查现在分词。句意：公元982年，冰岛居住着10000名维京人。这里指住在冰岛的维京人。Vikings与live在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用living。故填living。34．考查介词。句意：根据古老的故事，ErictheRed被迫离开冰岛，因为他犯了谋杀罪，为此他陷入了麻烦。accordingto“根据”为固定搭配。故填to。35．考查冠词。句意：根据古老的故事，ErictheRed被迫离开冰岛，因为他犯了谋杀罪，为此他陷入了麻烦。此处表泛指，且murder的发音是以辅音音素开头的，故用a。故填a。36．考查代词。句意：后来，他带着25艘船再次起航，其中只有14艘到成功达格陵兰岛。makeit“成功”为固定短语。故填it。37．考查形容词。句意：一个叫Biarni的人原本想和和埃里克在一起的父亲一起航行，但他被吹离了航线，发现自己身处一片无人涉足的未知之地，从那里他到达了格陵兰岛。unknown“未知的”为形容词修饰名词land，且符合句意。故填unknown。38．考查比较级。句意：然后他继续向南航行，到达一个现在被称为纽芬兰的岛屿。根据语境可知，他接着往更南的地方航行。故用further表示“较远，更远”。故填further。39．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：我们通过几个世纪后在挪威和冰岛写下的故事了解了他们的事迹。根据全文时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，且故事是被写下的，故应用被动语态。故填werewritten。40．考查名词复数。句意：它们是我们第一次有欧洲人航行到美国的记录。They指那些故事，说明记录不止一个，record为可数名词，所以用其复数形式。故填records。【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when,where,why。(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，“1ancestorscamefromScandinavia”是定语从句，修饰先行词people，空处在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，所以用关系代词whose。故小题1填whose。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）应用文写作（满分15分)（2021·安徽淮南·一模）你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以我最喜欢的中国历史人物为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.该人物及其主要贡献简介；2.该人物对你的影响。注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文题目已为你写好。MyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:MyfavoritefigureinChinesehistoryWhenitcomestomyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory,itmustbeConfucius.Asisknowntoall,heisoneofthegreatestthinkersandeducatorsinChina.Heestablishedaneducationalsystem,whichmadeanenormousimpactonthedevelopmentofChinesetraditionalculture.Furthermore,hemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.TodevelopfriendshipswithothercountriesandpopularizetheChineseculture,wehavesetupConfuciusInstitutesallovertheworldinrecentyears.Infact,histhoughtsalwaysinspiremetopursueknowledgeandI'dliketobeateacherlikehimoneday.【分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生以“我最喜欢的中国历史人物”为题写一篇作文，介绍该人物的贡献和对自己的影响。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：说明文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时,少量现在完成时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.该人物及其主要贡献简介；2.该人物对你的影响。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）aneducationalsystem;makeanenormousimpacton;helpsb.dosth.;setup;allovertheworld;inspiresb.todosth.;wouldliketodosth.第三步：连词成句1.Heestablishedaneducationalsystem,whichmadeanenormousimpactonthedevelopmentofChinesetraditionalculture.2.Furthermore,hemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.3.TodevelopfriendshipswithothercountriesandpopularizetheChineseculture,wehavesetupConfuciusInstitutesallovertheworldinrecentyears.4.Infact,histhoughtsalwaysinspiremetopursueknowledgeandI'dliketobeateacherlikehimoneday.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）表并列补充关系：Furthermore连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】[高分句型1]Heestablishedaneducationalsystem,whichmadeanenormousimpactonthedevelopmentofChinesetraditionalculture.用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。[高分句型2]Furthermore,hemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.用了that引导的限制性定语从句。第二节(满分25分)（2021·福建·厦门市松柏中学高三期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Formanyyears,Ihadarecurringdream.Iwasalittlegirlagain,rushingabout,tryingtogetreadyforschool.“Hurry,you'llbelateforschool,”mymothercalledtome.“Iamhurrying,Mom!WhatdidIdowithmybooks?”DeepinsideIknewwherethedreamcamefrom.Itwasaboutsomeunfinishedbusinessinmylife.Asakid,Ilovedeverythingaboutschool.Ilovedbooks,teachers,testsandhomework.MostofallIlongedtosomedaymarchdowntheaisletoreceivemydiploma.Thatseemedmoreappealingeventhangettingmarried.Butat15,Ihadtodropoutbecausemyparentscouldn'taffordtuition.Myhopeofgettingadiplomawasdead,orsoIthought.Prettysoon,Imarriedandhadthreechildren,andIthought:“Theregoesmydiploma.”Evenso,Iwantedmychildrentobeeducated.ButLinda,ouryoungestchild,hadjuvenilearthritisinherhandsandknees,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertofunctioninanormalclassroom.IfeltsorryforherandIdidn'twanthertoliveherlifewithregret.Ididn'tgiveuphopeofherbeingbacktoschoolinsomeway.Oneday,Isawanadinthenewspaperforeveningcourses.“That'stheanswer,”Isaidtomyself.Lindaalwaysfeelsbetterintheevening,soI'lljustsignherupfornightschool.Lindawasbusyfillingoutenrollmentformswhenthesecretarysaid:“Mrs.Schantz,whydon'tyoucomebacktoschool?”Ilaughed:“There'snoway!I'm55!”Buthepersisted,andbeforeIknewwhatIhaddone,IwasenrolledforclassesinEnglishandcrafts.“Thisisonlyanexperiment,