Unit 2 Grammar and usage 选择性必修第一册

GrammarandusageVerb-ingformsassubjectsandobjectsUnit2TheuniversallanguageByGuWenwenExploretherulesThestoryofBoyaandZhongZiqi

ItbelongstotheclassicalChinesemusic.Manyforeignersenjoyandunderstandit.Highmountainsandflowingwater主语代词总结：____词和____词可以做主语、宾语宾语名词主语名词宾语代词名代TheuniversallanguageShowingqininfrontoftheforeignersmadeusveryproud.Manyforeignersareinterestedinplayingqin.Highmountainsandflowingwater总结：_________________可以做主语和宾语主语宾语v-ing（动名词）BeforeBoyametZiqi1.v-ing做主语，谓语动词用单数.2.v-ing在剧中作主语时，有时可以用形式主语it代替3.v-ing跟在动词，介词和介词短语之后做宾语4.名词所有格+v-ing是动名词的复合结构,此时的动名词有自己的逻辑主语5.v-ing的否定为not+v-ing6.v-ing的被动语态为beingdone，被动否定为notbeingdoneExploretherulesAfterZiqi’sdeathWhenBoyametZiqi总结：Filltheblanks1.ListeningtoBoya'smusic__________(be)akindofenjoyment.2.Playingqin_________(be)hislife.3.__________(listen)toBoya’smusicwasworthwhile.wasListeningwasItisworthwhiledoing... 做是值得的Itis________/_________doing... 做无用的Itis__________doing... 做是没有好处的Itis__________________... 做是浪费时间的Thereisnopoint(in)doing... ________________BeforeBoyametZiqiExploretherulesItwasworthwhilelisteningtoBoya’smusic.1.v-ing做主语，谓语动词用___数.2.v-ing在句中做主语时，有时可以用形式主语____代替单itnouseuselessnogoodawasteoftime做没有意义1.Boyadidn’tsayanythingbeforeplayingtheqin,yet...2.WhenBoyacontinued

playing,ZhongZiqisaid...3.Infact,Boyahadintendedtocallthepiece…4.Fromthenon,Boyanevergottiredofsharinghismusic.confidant(知己)动词：like,enjoy,avoid,consider,advise,suggest,mind,keep等介词：by,after等短语：becapableofdoing，getdowntodoing，havetroubleindoing，beusedtodoing,bebusydoing等Work

inpairs一名外国友人想了解中国的传统音乐，请你给他提供一些建议。Forexample：1.Youcanenjoydoing...by...2.Isuggestdoing...after...3.Youmighthavetrouble(in)doing...4.PeopleinChinawereusedtodoing...WhenBoyametZiqiExploretherules总结：v-ing跟在____，_____和_________之后做宾语，如continue，before，gettiredof等动词介词短语

Someclassical

ChinesemusicsWhite

Snow

In

Sunny

Spring《阳春白雪》High

Mountains

And

Flowing

Water《高山流水》A

Music

From

Guangling《广陵散》ErhuChinesezitherluteChinesebambooflute1.Boyawascuriousabout___________________asexpected.2._________________________madeBoyaverysad.3._____________________withsorrowmadehimdestroyhisqin.4.

Peoplewasshockedby___________________hisqin.Boya’sbeingovercome总结： hisdestroying; Zhongziqi’spassingaway;

Ziqi’snotshowingup; Boya’sbeingovercome; Ziqi’snotshowinguphisdestroyingZhongziqi’spassingaway2.v-ing的否定为_____________3.v-ing的被动语态为______________，被动否定为__________I’mlookingforwardto_________________(play)thepiano.However,______________(succeed)inwatchingtheconcertmademeupsetbecauseof_______________(delay)bythetraffic.AfterZiqi’sdeathExploretherules1._______________是动名词的复合结构,此时的动名词有自己的逻辑主语one’sdoingnotdoingbeingdonenotbeingdone

Langlang’splayingnotsucceedingmybeingdelayedHavingadiscussionForexample:1.Holdingmusic

festivalwillgivethepublicmorechancestoappreciatetraditionalChinesemusic.2.WecanmakemoreforeignersknowtraditionalChinesemusicby...3....HowcanwemakeourtraditionalChinesemusicknownbymoreforeigners?

competitionmediaeducation动词-ing形式作主语和宾语一、概述”动词-ing形式“细分的话就是动名词和现在分词。实际上，这是两种不同性质的非谓语形式，有着不同的语法特征和作用。不同：动名词现在分词V-ing具有名词特点和作用，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。具有动词特点和作用，可有自己的宾语和状语，有时态和语态的变化。与be动词连用构成进行时态，表明现在分词具有“进行意义”的基本功能。在句中充当各种状语、宾补以及定语，相当于状语从句或定语从句。区别？现在分词动名词具有名词特点和作用，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。具有动词特点和作用，可有自己的宾语和状语，有时态和语态的变化。与be动词连用构成进行时态，表明现在分词具有“进行意义”的基本功能。在句中充当各种状语、宾补以及定语，相当于状语从句或定语从句。动名词和现在分词作定语的区别标志是什么？请观察下列两组短语，尝试总结动名词和现在分词作定语的区别。aswimmingpool游泳池awalkingsticking手杖awaitingroom候车室awritingdesk写字台abarkingdog一只正在叫的狗flyingbirds正在飞的鸟fallingleaves正在下落的叶子therisingsun冉冉升起的太阳动名词现在分词与被修饰词之间是目的或用途关系。与被修饰词之间是主动关系，扩展为定语从句，从句能够用进行时态。总结：这两种不同的修饰关系，是区分作定语的现在分词和动名词的标志！请区分下列名词短语中动词-ing是动名词还是现在分词。asleepingcarasleepingboydrinkingwaterboilingwater

一节卧铺车厢

一个正在睡觉的男孩饮用水正在沸腾的水现在分词，表水发出的动作且正在进行。动名词，表车厢的用途现在分词，表表男孩主动发出睡觉动作且正在睡觉。动名词，表水的用途。二、动名词的各种形式和语法作用1、动名词的一般式动名词的一般式主要表示抽象的、习惯性的动作，没有明确的发生时间。如果是一次性动作或时间，一般为发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，偶尔在之后。Goingtobedearlyandrisingearly

isagoodhabit.Thankyouforgivingussomuchhelpyesterday.Iremember

seeinghersomewherebefore.Hesuggested

spendingtheeveningwithmyfamily.(没有明确的发生时间)(give发生在thank之前)(see发生在remember之前)(spend发生在suggest之后)2.动名词的完成式动名词的完成式主要用来强调动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Latershescoldedherdaughterforhavingtalkedtoherfatherlikethat.Youcancongratulateyourselfonhavingdoneanexcellentjob.Heregretted

havingsaidsuchrudewordstoher.3.动名词的被动式当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者时，动名词要用被动形式。LittleLilywasafraidof

beingleftaloneathome.Sophialikeshelpingothersandbeinghelped.Jackescaped

beinghitbyacar.Weareallexcitedforhavingbeenpraised.4.动名词的被动式动名词的否定式由“not+动名词”组成。Tryingwithoutsuccessisbetterthannottryingatall.Ihavenoexcusefornotgoingwithyou.PART

01动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式作主语表示经常的,

习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。GoingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.坐火车去杭州大约需要16个小时。Askingawoman'sageisimpoliteinhiscountry.在他的国家，询问女士的年龄是不礼貌的LoremIpsumLoremIpsumissimplydummytextoftheprinting.LoremIpsumissimplydummytextoftheprinting.动词-ing形式作主语>1.动词-ing形式直接置于句首主语的位置上Sayingiseasierthandoing.说比做容易。2.动词-ing形式作主语时常后置，此时须用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词(短语)作表语。nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等。

It'snousemakinganexcuseforthis.为这件事找借口是没有用的。常见的形容词有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless,useful等。归纳:常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型有:

Itis/wasawasteoftimedoing..做是浪费时间的。Itis/wasnogood/usedoing..做是没好处/用的。Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing...做是不值得的。Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing...做是值得的。Thereisnodoing..无法;不允许Itisworthwhilediscussingthequestion.这个问题值得讨论。It'sworthmakingtheeffort.做出努力是值得的。It'sawasteoftimeplayingcomputergames.玩电脑游戏是浪费时间的。动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式作主语Therebeno...结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于

ItisimpossibletodoThereisnosenseindoing...做没有道理。Thereis/wasnousegood(in)doing...做没用/好处。Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing...没有比更糟的。

Thereis/wasnopoint(in)doing...做无意义。Thereis/wasnowaydoing..无法做注意:Thereisnoneedtodo...做没必要。在此句式中todo不可换为doingThereisnoneedtowaitforhimanylonger.没必要再等他了。动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式作主语VS不定式(短语)作主语动词-ing形式作主语表示泛指的行为,不定式(短语)作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)Be

careful!

Toplaywithfireisdangerous.小心点,玩火是危险的。（指具体动作）PART

02动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式作宾语两种情况1.只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：avoid,

admit,appreciate,consider,enjoy,deny(否定),delay(延期),escape(逃避),excuse,keep,finish,fancy(梦想),suggest,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk(冒险)等。口诀:避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,delay)建议完成多练习(advise,finish,practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)Peoplecan'thelplaughingatthatfoolishman.人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。need,demand,want,require,在表示“需要”时,用动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。Need/demand/want/require+doing=need/demand/want/require+tobedoneThecarneedsrepairing=Thecarneedstoberepaired.有一些动词短语也常跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如:insiston(坚持),objectto(反对),begoodat,leadto,leaveoff(停止),putoff(推迟),giveup,lookforwardto,feellike(想要),devoteto(把奉献给),getusedto(习惯于),payattentionto,can'thelp(禁不住),can'tstand(受不了)等。动词-ing形式作宾语2.既可接动词-ing形式又可接不定式(短语)作宾语的动词：begin,start,continue,like,dislike,love,prefer,mean,forget,remember,hate,regret等。(1)在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后,用动词-ing形式或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同,动词-ing形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。(2)在begin,start,continue之后,用动词-ing形式和不定式,意义无区别,尤其是当主语是人的时候。

(3)在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动词-ing形式与不定式意义不同。动词-ing形式表示动作已经发生;不定式表示动作还没发生。Iremembertoposttheletter.我会记得去寄出这封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我记得这封信已经寄出去了。动词-ing形式作宾语trytodosth.设法做某事trydoingsth.试试做某事meantodosth.打算/有意要做某事meandoingsth.意思是/意味着做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事can'thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事

goondoingsth.继续做一直在做的事goontodosth.接着做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下正在做的事去做另一件事.Herememberedbeingintroducedtothegirlataparty.他记得在一次聚会上被介绍给了那个女孩Idon’tregrettellingherwhatIthought。我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遣憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。

动词-ing形式作宾语>在allow,permit,forbid,advise,consider后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。在allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider+Hisparentspermittedhimtojointhearmywhenhewasseventeen.

在他17岁的时候。父母允许他去从军。

SbtodosthDoingsthExercises1.Scientistshaverespondedby_________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlement.2.A90-year-oldwomanhasbeenawardedTheYear”for_________(be)Austrian'soldestfull-timeemployeestillworking40hoursaweek.3.Shejustkept_________ (whisper)“1can'tbelieveyou'rehere!”4.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_________(die)earlybycycling5.Istillremember_________(visit)aCantonesefriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyears.6.

___________________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisapleasantandrewardingexperience.notingbeingwhisperingdyingvisitingTravelling/Totravel7.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term_________(consume). 8.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude___________(introduce)Austrianvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.9.Inadditiontotheirplainbeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout_________(use)electricequipment.10.Onemorning,thenativewaswaitingatthebusstop,

worriedabout_________(be)lateforthemeeting11.Theboykept_________(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingsouroverhisshoulderandshouting.consumingintroducingusingbeingridingBUSINESSTEMPLATE12.IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo_________(cycle)withstudents.13.It'squitefoggytoday.Doyoufeellike_________(stay)athomewithme? 14.Hestopped___________(smoke),havearest,andeatdessert. 根据汉语意思完成句子1.看电视新闻已经成为那位主厨的例行公事。

____________________onTVhasbecomearoutineforthechef. 2.领悟创新对我来说非常重要。

________________innovationisveryimportanttome3.有雾的天气在海里游泳是危险的。

__________________intheseaonfoggydaysisdangerous4.跟那位作曲家在一起工作是令人愉快的。

Itisapleasure________________withthecomposer.cyclingstayingtosmokeDigestingWatchingnewsSwimmingworkingcyclingstayingtosmokeDigestingWatchingnewsSwimmingworking5.那样发展毫无意义。Thereisnopoint______________________so.6.吃完甜食后你想和我一起散步吗?Doyoufeellike_______________withmeafterhavingdessert?7.我永远忘不了曾见到那位著名作家。

Ishallnotforget______________________thefamouswriterforever.8.很遗憾,我不能接受你的观念。Iregret ________________Ican'ttakeyourconcept9.我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。

Iapologisefor_____________angrywithyou.(in)doingHavingawalkseeingtosaybeingso10.离开几年之后再回到家乡，他感觉有点儿奇怪。_________________________

forseveralyears,itisastrangeexperienceforhimtoreturntothehometown.AfterbeingawayDoyoulike________(travel)?_______(stay)healthywhile_______ (travel)canhelptoensureyourtripisahappyandenjoyableone.Herearethetipsyouneed______(make)yourtripmucheasier.Makesureyouhavegota____(sign)passportandvisa.Also,beforeyougo,fillintheemergencyinformationpageofyourpassport!Maketwocopiesofyourpassportidentificationpage.Thiswillhelpalotifyourpassportis6_____(steal).Leaveonecopyathomewithfriendsorrelatives.Carrytheotherwithyouinaseparateplacefromyourpassport.Readthepublicannouncementsortravelwarningsforthecountriesyouplan______(visit).Getyourself_____(inform)oflocallawsandcustomsofthecountriestowhichyouaretravelling.Leaveacopyofyouritinerary(行程)withfamilyorfriendsathomesothatyoucanbe9________(contact)incaseofanemergency.Donotacceptpackages10______(give)fromstrangers.Donotcarrytoomuchmoneyorunnecessarycreditcards.lfyoumakeenoug