专题22 宾语从句和定语从句-中考英语语法单项选择题专项突破（原卷版）

在主句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句；在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。考点一.宾语从句中考对宾语从句的考查主要在于宾语从句的语序、连接词和时态。1.宾语从句的语序宾语从句用陈述句语序。1.一Doyouknow?(白银)一Yes,ofcourse.ItwillbehostedbyBeijingandZhangjiakou.A.howwillhethe2022WinterOlympicsB.whichcitywillhostthe2022WinterOlympicsC.whenwillbethenextWinterOlympicsD.wherewillbethenextWinterOlympics2.—Couldyoupleasetellme________?（济南）—Well,Ialwayswritee-mailstomypenpals.A.howdoyoulearnChineseB.whatisyourpenpal'shobbyC.whatdoyoudoafterclassD.howyouimproveyourwriting3.一Excuseme,canyoutellme?(咸宁)一Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.WhynotsearchtheInternetforinformation?A.howdoessmog（雾霾）comeintobeing B.wherethenationalspacestationliesC.whyaretigersbecomingfewernowD.howmanyyearsdidtheQinempirelast4.Iwonder________.(济宁)A.iftheprogramReadersispopularB.howdoestheprogramReaderssucceedC.whendidtheprogramReadersbeginD.whetheristheprogramReaderspopular5.Canyoutellme______?(怀化)A.WhatdoestheBeltandRoadmeanB.WhattheBeltandRoadmeansC.WhatwilltheBeltandRoadmean6.—I'dliketoknow______fortheparty.（武汉)—Ihavenoidea.A.whydidshebuysolittlefood B.whatshehaspreparedC.whetherwillshedance D.whenissheleaving2.宾语从句连接词的选择宾语从句连接词的选择可从两个方面把握：一是连接词在从句中作不做成分，如果作成分，作什么成分；二是连接词在从句中有无意义，有何意义。详见下表：连接词作用意义That××if/whether×√是否what/which/who/whom/whose/howmany/howmuch√主语、宾语、表语、定语√什么/哪一个/谁、谁的、多少when/where/how/why√状语√何时/何地/怎样、为什么另外，语境和答语也是判断宾语从句连接词的依据。1.Thechildrensaid

_______

they_______

themselvesverymuch.A.if;enjoyB.why;enjoyedC.what;enjoyD.that;enjoyed2.—Listen!Itisstillnoisyintheheadteacher’soffice.—Goandsee________theyhavefinishedcorrectingthepapersyet.A.thatB.whetherC.whenD.how3.—Couldyoutellme_________sheislookingfor?—Hercousin,Susan.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which4.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.

A.how

B.why

C.that

D.when5.—Canyoutellme?(东营)—ItwillbebuilttohelpworkoutbigcityproblemsinBeijing.A.ifXiong’anNewAreawillbebuilt B.WhenwewillbuildXiong’anNewAreaC.whyXiong’anNewAreawillbebuiltD.whatwillhappentothepeopleinXiong’anNewArea6.—Excuseme，Iwonder___________.(德州)一Yes,it’snearthebookstore.A.wherewewillgofortheholidayB.ifthereisalostandfoundofficeC.whenshewillgivemeacallD.howwecangotoHongKong7.—Boy,yourheadteacherhassetupaWeChatgroup.Couldyoutellme________?(潍坊)—OK.I’llteachyou.It’ssoeasy.A.howIjoinitB.whyhesetsitupC.whatitisusedforD.whenitwassetup8.—Couldyoutellme_______?(呼和浩特)—BysearchingtheInternet.A.howdidCarlgetthenewsB.whyCarlgotthenewsC.howCarlgotthenewsD.whydidCarlgetthenews9.—Doesanyoneknowthefamousscientistwasborn?（资阳）—Iknow!InNewYork.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.where10.Everyoneplaysanimportantpartinsociety.Asmembers,weshouldtryourbesttodo______tomaketheworldbetterandbetter.(龙东)A.whatweshoulddo B.whatshouldwedo C.howweshoulddo3.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态一致。如果主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态。一般情况下，可根据时间状语来确定时态，如无明确的时间状语，则可根据语境来判断宾语从句动作发生的时间。如果题干是人物对话，则答语也是判断宾语从句时态的依据之一。另外，因为宾语从句表示将来要用一般将来时，而状语从句表示将来要用一般现在时，所以要注意把宾语从句和状语从句区分开来，如果从句性质判断错了，答案自然就错了。1.—Judy,couldyoutellme________theschoolbag.(北京)—Oh,yes.IboughtitinastoreontheInternet.A.wheredidyoubuyB.wherewillyoubuyC.whereyouboughtD.whereyouwillbuy2.—Doyouknow__________atthistimelastnight?(六盘水)—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.whatsheisdoing B.whatshewasdoingC.whatisshedoing D.whatwasshedoing3.Charliefinallytoldme___________.(乌鲁木齐)A.whyhewasangrywithmeB.whathewilldothisweekendC.whodidheplayvolleyballwithD.whendoeshegettoschool4.—Haveyoudecided_________thissummerholiday?（淮安)—Yes.ToParis.A.wheredoyougoB.whereyougoC.wherewillyougoD.whereyouwillgo5.—IwanttoknowmoreaboutHongKong.Canyoutellme?(长春)—In1997.A.whendiditreturntoChinaB.whenitreturnedtoChinaC.whendoesitreturntoChinaD.whenitreturnstoChina6.Idon’tknowifEric_______thisSunday.Ifhe_____here,I’llcallyouatonce.(眉山)A.willcome;willcomeB.come;comesC.comes;willcomeD.willcome;comes7.Idon'tknowwhenhe________back.Pleasetellmewhenhe________back.(宜宾)A.comes;comesB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comes8.Couldyoutelluswhere______thedayaftertomorrow?(黔东南）A.youwillgoB.willyougoC.youhavegoneD.youwent考点二.定语从句在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词指和关系副词。中考对于定语从句的考查主要在于关系词的选择和定语从句中的主谓一致。关系代词who,whom,which,that,whose引导定语从句定语从句对关系词的考查主要是关系代词指，关系代词主要有who,whom,which,that和whose。关系代词指的选择可以从两个方面入手，一是作用，二是先行词所指。详见下表：关系代词作用指代Who主语、宾语人Whom宾语人Which主语、宾语人、物That主语、宾语人、物Whose定语人、物1.WeshouldlookuptothosescientistssentTianzhou-1CargoSpaceship(天舟一号货运飞船)tospace.(岳阳)A.whichB.whoC.what2.Themancalledyesterdaywantstobuythehouse.(株洲)A.whoB.whatC.which3.HaveyouheardabouttheTVprogramReader_____isverypopularnow?(永州)A.which B.who C.where4.I’dliketotellyouaboutthetablemanners________youshouldknowwhenyouvisitFrance.(滨州)A.which B.who C.what D.how5.YesterdayMr.Greenwenttohishometownandvisitedtheoldhouse______hewasbornin.(泰安)A.whichB.whereC.whatD.it6.Thisisaheartwarmingstoryaboutaboy_____savedhismother'slife.（十堰）A.which B.who C.whose D.whom2.定语从句中的主谓一致问题关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，便涉及到主谓一致的问题。定语从句的谓语动词与其先行词在人称和数上要保持一致。因此，准确辨识先行词是解决这一问题的关键。1.Aliceprefersstoriesthat_____shortandfunny.(遂宁)A.are B.is C.was D.were2.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyouprefer?(潍坊)—Ipreferthemovies________mesomethingtothinkabout.A.whichgiveB.thatgivesC.thatgivesD.whogives3.Mycousinisaboy__________lotsoftroubletohisparents.（丹东）A.whobring B.whichbrings C.whobrings D.thatbring巩固练习：1.—Doyouknow________themanwithsunglassesis?（永州）—I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.how2.一Doyouknow________TheBeltandRoadForum(“一带一路”高峰论坛）began?(连云港)—OnMay14th,2017.A.that B.when C.if D.where3.—Doyouknowthemaniscookinginthekitchen?(铜仁)—Sure.Heismyuncle.A.whose B.which C.who D.whom4..Mom,haveyouseenmytoybear?Idon’tknow______Ihaveleftit.(苏州)A.why B.when C.how D.where5.—Couldyoupleasetellme______“TheReader”,aTVprogrammehostedbyDongQing?—Well,itisfunandteachesusalotofknowledge.(泰州)A.howdopeoplelike B.howpeoplelikedC.whydomanypeoplelikeD.whymanypeoplelike6.—Helen,couldyoutellme_____livinginthecountryside?(宿迁)—Perhapsnextweekend.A.whyyouwillvisitourgranny B.whenwillyouvisityourgrannyC.whenyouwillvisityourgranny D.whywillyouvisityourgranny7.TodayisFather’sDay,I’mthinkingabout__________.(盐城)A.whatpresentIgavemyfatherB.ifIplannedapartyformyfatherC.howIcangivemyfatherasurpriseD.wherewillmyfatherandIhaveabigmeal8.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______?(扬州)—Well,there’soneonyourleft.A.whenthebankopens B.wherethebankisC.howfaristhebank D.howcanIgettothebank9.Father’sDayiscoming.I’mthinkingabout_________.(滨州)A.whatpresentIgavehim B.wherewillwehaveabigmealC.ifIplannedapartyforhim D.howIwillgivehimasurprise10.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme