备战2025届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读技巧篇专题18词义猜测题解答技巧含解析

专题18词义揣测题解答技巧词义揣测是英语应用实力运用的重要体现，也是高考必考的题型。它不但须要精确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，驾驭或相识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。【命题趋势】1.要求依据阅读材料所供应的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和阅历，正确推断生词词组的含义或成熟词 在特定语境中表达的详细含义以及一些句子的意思。2.要求揣测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词 义的详细内容。3.代词复指理解题也是揣测词义的常考类型。用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物 之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【设问形式】1.Theunderlinedword＂…＂inthesecond(third…)paragraphrefersto(means)______.2.Bysayingthat＂…＂inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.3.Inparagraph…,＂…＂canbereplacedby＂______＂.4.Themeaningof＂…＂inparagraph…isrelatedto______.5.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…(paragraph…)?6.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.对此类试题，考生应当进行大胆揣测，但这种揣测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有确定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的揣测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。1.相像法利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相像的结构揣测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟识的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。（2024·全国卷III）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕获)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.5.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.6.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D.Theperformanceofrealapes.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.TheycouldbetradedillegallyD.Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.A【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有运用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄运用的是数字化人猿的创建技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织亲密关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。5.细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，赞扬电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物爱护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。6.主旨大意题。依据其次段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕获)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕获技术创建数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，其次段主要是关于数字化人猿的创建。故选B项。7.词句揣测题。依据第三段划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影消遣中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（很多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物爱护人士的生气，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正亲密关注着2000多部影片。由此推断出，划线词的意思是“亲密关注”。故选D项。8.推理推断题。依据最终一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.”（在某些状况下，让活动人士担忧的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些状况下，让活动人士担忧的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此推断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。2.对比法利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）揣测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此依据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hotandcold,perfectandimperfect，甚至前、后句为确定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,though,however,otherwise,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,foronething...foranotherthing,insteadof等。（2024·全国卷I）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?13.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand. D.Eatingbehavior.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.15.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.16.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare. B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers. D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.【答案】13.D14.D15.A16.C【分析】本文是说明文。最近的探讨表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个试验的过程。13.细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake”可知，依据消费者探讨杂志最近的一项探讨，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项探讨是关于饮食行为的。故选D。14.词义揣测题。依据前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，现有的探讨认为：你应当避开和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应当避开的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出，画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故选D。15.推理推断题。依据其次段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，探讨人员进行了两个试验。依据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个试验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，探讨人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。16.推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?”可知，假如一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但假如一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。假如他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是依据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。3.释义法有些文章，特殊是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词赐予定义，我们可以利用定义来揣测这些词的意思。释义法就是依据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以说明说明的方式。常见的词有：mean,thatis,inotherwords,forexample,forinstance,suchas...（2024·全国卷II）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.9.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.11.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.12.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】9.C10.B11.C12.D【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲解并描述了作者是一个热忱的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣扬图书馆。9.推理推断题。依据第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我始终是一个热忱的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参与聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经验冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不行分的。故选C。10.词句揣测题。依据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有几个孩子，书是我们消遣的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以选择要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子选择书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增加了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。11.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我认为全部的作家都应当在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。激励读者运用图书馆。在社交媒体上共享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。12.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲解并描述了作者是一名热忱地读者，孩提时喜爱阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣扬图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”绽开讲解并描述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。4.语境推断法任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是确定孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文供应的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推想词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。1.依据对比关系揣测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以依据生词的反义词揣测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while引导的并列句。例如：Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂hassle＂(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests依据对比关系，这里hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意义，很简洁推断理解题的答案为C。2.依据比较关系揣测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相像关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly,like,justas,also,aswellas等。例如：Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语lovestotalk和loquacious之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是＂健谈的＂。3.依据因果关系揣测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以依据这种逻辑关系推想生词词义。例如：Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.Theword＂presumptuous＂inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto＂__________＂.A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet依据since引导的缘由状语从句的内容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：＂冒失的，放纵的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告知你怎么做会是一种放纵/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots,oryoungleaves.依据缘由状语从句的内容，我们可以推断Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（树枝等）＂的意思。4.依据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系揣测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟识的词语，依据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。例如：WilliamShakespearesaid.＂Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线），goodandilltogether.＂Theunderlinedword＂mingled＂inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy句中goodandilltogether更详细地说明白amingledyarn的意义，据此我们不难推想mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交织的＂，答案是：B。Isitpossibletobeathighbloodpressurewithoutdrugs?Theansweris＂yes＂,accordingtotheresearchersatJohnsHopkinsandthreeothermedicalcenters.依据andthreeothermedicalcenters这种并列关系，我们很简洁推断出：JohnsHopkins是一家医疗中心。（2024·全国卷I）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.1.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends'invitation. B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching. D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter. D.Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲解并描述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速视察。1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段的”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry.hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍旧被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消逝的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的爱好让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。2.词句揣测题。划线句是其次段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消逝的文章这件事，依据第一段最终一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(几年后，仍旧被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消逝的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消逝的文章这件事，故选D。3.推理推断题。依据第三段”ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既体会到了友善和暖和，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，MrBissell观赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参与了一个山区葬礼，然后参与了一个惊奇的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难受。由此可知，在旅途中，他经验了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充溢事务的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。4.推理推断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲解并描述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速视察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。5.构词推断法阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟识的单词派生或合成的新词。驾驭构词法对揣测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以依据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。1.依据前缀揣测词义例如：Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?依据词根educational（教化的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：＂男女同校教化的＂意思。2.依据后缀揣测词义例如：It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland'smostsoutherlypoint.后缀-ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。3.依据复合词的各部分揣测词义例如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（别扭的）handpositions.Well-designed或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推想出其含义。它由well（好，优秀）和design（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精致的＂意思。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostpeoplethatcraft(手艺)nolongerexists.依据合成词中的mass（大量的）和produce（生产），我们可以推想mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】运用“构词法”进行揣测。动词词组comeout的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再依据句子的语境，可揣测出其意义是：(试验的)结果。I.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1Theystartedtheschoolyearasstrangersandtheyareendingtheyearasfamily.IstartedthisschoolyearlikearegularschoolyearandDamienlikearegularstudent,FinnLanningsaid."Oneday,heshowedupandjustsaidhewasn'tgoingtobebackanymore.AndwhenIquestionedhimaboutthat,hetoldmethathewasgoingbacktoliveinthehospitalforhisillness."DamienhasakidneydisordercalledFSGS,whichrequirestreatmentfor12hourseachday.Heisingreatneedofanewkidney.AccordingtoLanning,the13-year-oldwasn'tsuitableforatransplantbecauseheishomeless."Whenyou'relivinginthehospital,you’renotabletobeonthetransplantlistbecausefolkswhodon'thavestablehousingareconsideredhighriskforthem,“Lanningsaid.Damienendedupinthefostercaresystemduetohismedicalneeds.Whenasuitablehomecouldn'tbefound,hewasforcedtoliveinthehospital.Duringthattime,hecouldn'tleavetoattendschool.“AsIlearnedmoreabouthisstoryandwhathewasfacingandwhathisneedswere,itjustbecamereallyhardformetolooktheotherway；"Lanningsaid.Lanningdecidedtostepin,anddespitenothavinganychildrenofhisown,heofferedtotakeDamienin."It'sgoinggood,“saidDamien.Hehasalsobeenmovedtothetopofthewaitinglistforanewkidney.Heishopinghecanhavethetransplantwithinthenexttwoweeks.Inadditiontoasecondchanceatlife,heisalsogettingasecondchanceathavingafamily.1.WhydidDamienasktoleavetheschool?A.Hehadtoreceivetreatment. B.Hewasn'tfondofsomanystrangers.C.Heneededawarmandrichfamily. D.Hewasboredofteachers'questions.2.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatisnecessaryforthepatients'transplant?A.Keepingahealthydiet B.HavingasuitablehomeC.Takingspecialmedicines D.Livinginthehospitalfordays3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“looktheotherway"inparagraph4probablymean?A.payattention B.lookaround C.standby D.takepart4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FindingaHouseforaSickStudent.B.GettingaTreatmentfromaGoodTeacher.C.StudentleavingtheSchoolforaTransplant.D.TeacherHelpingStudentbyOfferingHimaHome.【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述一个老师对一位身患重病的学生的帮助。正是在老师的帮助，让患病的学生度过了难关。1.细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段“Oneday,heshowedupandjustsaidhewasn'tgoingtobebackanymore.AndwhenIquestionedhimaboutthat,hetoldmethathewasgoingbacktoliveinthehospitalforhisillness.”（有一天，他出现了，只是说他不会再回来了。当我问他这件事的时候，他告知我他要去住院。）可知，Damien离开学校是因为他要去医院治病。故选A项。2.细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段“AccordingtoLanning,the13-year-oldwasn'tsuitableforatransplantbecauseheishomeless."Whenyou'relivinginthehospital,you’renotabletobeonthetransplantlistbecausefolkswhodon'thavestablehousingareconsideredhighriskforthem,“Lanningsaid.”（据兰宁说，13岁的他不适合做移植手术，因为他无家可归。当你住在医院里，你就不能被列入移植名单，因为那些没有稳定居处的人被认为是高危人群。）可知，拥有稳定的居处对移植的病人来说是有必要的。故选B项3.词义揣测题。依据文章倒数其次段“Lanningdecidedtostepin,anddespitenothavinganychildrenofhisown,heofferedtotakeDamienin.”（Lanning确定介入，尽管他自己没有孩子，他还是收留了达Damien。）可知，Lanning决心要帮助Damien。因此可以推断前句中的looktheotherway应表示“支持”之意。故选C项。4.主旨大意题。文章讲解并描述一个患有肾病的学生因为没有稳定的居处而不能被列入移植名单。在他的老师知道了这件事后，他确定不袖手旁观。决心要收留Damien，让他被移到了等待移植肾名单的首位。并且有望在将来两周内完成移植手术。因此D项“老师给学生供应一个家来帮助他”为短文最佳标题。故选D项。2Howdoyouusuallyspendyoursparetime?Manypeoplechoosetobecouchpotatoes,butnotLuoHan,a9-year-oldfromChangsha,Hunan.LuoHancompletesatleasttwohoursofoutdooractivitieseverydayandhasraisedawaveofdiscussiononline.Althoughheisinprimaryschool,hehasalreadymasteredsportslikekayakingandpaddling.HisaptitudeforoutdoorsportsisfromhisfatherLuoGe,whoactivelyencourageshimtoenjoynature,ratherthanfocusingonlyonhislearning.AfternoticingthatLuoHandidnotgooutforenoughexerciseafterschool,hisfathertookhimtodooutdooractivitieseveryday.Manyapplaudedthem.“Exercisecaneasebrainfogandimprovememory.Manystudentsfeelstressedaboutschoolwork,sooutdooractivitiescanhelpuskeepourmoodsupliftedandimproveourlearningefficiency.”saidLiuYu,18,auniversityfreshman.WangTao,aparentofa16-year-old,showedhersupportforthefather.“It’smorethanawaytorelax.It’satrainingofwillpower,”shesaid.HersonHeXin,fromHefeiThomasSchool,Anhui,isafanofoutdoorsports.Althoughfacingincreasingpressureinhisstudies,hehasjoinedtheschool’sathleticprograms.However,somehavealsoexpressedtheirconcerns.“Twohoursisn’ttoomuchfora9-year-old,butitmightbedifficultforhighschoolstudentstoguaranteethisblockoftimewhenschoolbecomesmoredemanding,”saidHuangXi,16,fromLiyangHighSchoolofJiangsuprovince.Ms.Zhu,whohasadaughterinmiddleschool,alsoagreedthattwohoursistoomuchforthemajorityofparents,especiallyonweekdays.“WhenIamoffduty,Ineedtodohousework.Aftermydaughterfinishesherhomework,shepreferstowatchTV.Neitherofuswouldthinkofgoingoutsideforexercise,”Zhusaid.Otherparentsareconcernedaboutthesafetyofoutdooractivities.ZhangZhijinhasasoninhighschool.“Sometimes,teenagerscandocrazyandriskythings.Weworryaboutaccidents,”Zhangsaid.5.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.LiuYuthinksoutdooractivitiescanimproveourlearning.B.Outdoorplayingisonlygoodtorelaxation.C.LuoHan’sfatherthinkslearningismoreimportantthanexercising.D.LuoHan’sfatherthinksexerciseoncampusisenoughforhim.6.Whatdoestheauthormeanbytheunderlinedword“stressed”inParagraph3?A.annoyed B.excited C.anxious D.frightened7.WhichofthefollowingmayagreewithMsZhu?A.HuangXi B.LiuYu C.WangTao D.LuoHan8.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Pleasegooutforexercise B.DailyoutdoorplayandworkingC.People’sconcerns D.Parent’sviewsonafter-classwork【答案】5.A6.C7.A8.B【分析】这是一篇争论文。文章主要就学生该不该保证日常户外活动时间引发的探讨而绽开，介绍了不同的人对此的看法。有人认为户外活动可以缓解惊慌心情，放松学生的身心，而有些人则认为中学生无法保证有足够的户外时间，家长则担忧对户外活动平安性。5.细微环节理解题。依据第三段中“‘Manystudentsfeelstressedaboutschoolwork,sooutdooractivitiescanhelpuskeepourmoodsupliftedandimproveourlearningefficiency.'saidLiuYu,18,auniversityfreshman(18岁的大一新生刘宇说：‘很多学生对学校的学业感到有压力，所以户外活动可以帮助我们保持我们的心情高涨，提高我们的学习效率’)”可知，A选项“刘宇认为户外活动可以提高我们的学习”正确。故选A。6.词义揣测题。依据画线词后文“sooutdooractivitiescanhelpuskeepourmoodsupliftedandimproveourlear