牛津译林版（江苏）八年级英语下册单元讲义第十二讲Unit4 A good read复习

第十二讲复习Unit4

A

good

read适用学科英语适用年级初二适用区域江苏本讲时长90分钟知识点1.了解“疑问词十不定式”的用法2.must与have

to

教学目标1知识目标：能够掌握本单元的单词2技能目标：掌握“疑问词十不定式”的用法3情感目标：

1)了解不同类别的书的英文表达。2)能用英语谈论喜欢的书及喜欢的原因。3.情感目标：激发学生对英语的兴趣。教学重难点must与have

to

教学过程一．知识讲解一.重要短语决定做某事 decidetodosth怎样处理这些书 whattodowiththesebooks我不知道你喜欢书 Idon’tknowyoulikedbooks一本好读物 agoodread用他们来够着冰箱上的盒子 usethemtoreachtheboxonthefridge你喜欢什么种类的书？ Whattypeofbookdoyoulike?增长我过去的知识 improvemyknowledgeofthepast读一本关于二战时德国的书 readabookaboutGermanyinWorldWarII在某人空闲的时间 inonesspare/freetime那个丑男人的故事真的打动了我 Thestoryoftheuglymanreallytouchedme.给我一本小说 givemeanovel/giveanoveltome对历史书感兴趣 beinterestedinhistorybooks法国的作家 Frenchwriter读小说和戏剧 readnovelsandplays写的一本叫《格列佛游记》的书 abookcalledGulliver'sTravelsby…撞上了岩石 crashagainsttherocks尽可能的远 asfarasIcould/asfaraspossible当……时候 bythetime感觉陆地在我的脚下 feltthelandundermyfeet精疲力尽 betiredout倒在沙滩上 felldownonthebeach感觉腿上有东西 feltsomethingonmyleg在太阳升起时 asthesunwasrising被绑在地上 betiedtotheground爬到我的肚子和脖子上 movedupovermystomachandneck向下看 lookdown和我的小拇指一样大 bethesamesizeasmylittlefinger这个小人是谁？ Whowasthistinyperson?开始做某事 start/begintodosth./doingsth.朝某人喊叫 shoutatsb.(因生气而向某人吼叫)shouttosb.（因距离太远而吼叫）继续爬遍我的身体 continuedoingsth. continuemovingacrossmybody我也不知道说什么 Ididn'tknowwhattosayeither.开始和我交谈 begantalkingtome尽力把一只手放开 trytopullonehandfree最终设法弄断了绳子 finallymanagedtobreaktheropes把我的左手伸到空中 liftmylefthandintotheair看见一大群小人 sawahugearmyoftinypeople径直朝我走来 camestraighttowardsme逃离他们 runawayfromthem对某事不确定 benotsureaboutsth.格列佛发生了什么 whathappenedtoGulliver一直做某事 keepdoingsth发现他自己不能够去移动 foundhimselfunabletomove和小人们交流 municatewiththesmallman站在他的肩膀上 standonhisshoulder决定读什么 decidewhattoread忘记什么时候去回见朋友 whentomeetyourfriends想知道去哪儿寻求帮助 wonderwheretoaskforhelp建议我们选择哪一个 adviceuswhichtochoose什么时候上交作业 whentohandinhomework展示下一步做什么 showuswhattodonext自学怎样用电脑绘画 teachhimselfhowtousetheputertodraw讨论把墙涂成哪种颜色 discusswhichcolourtopaintthewalls推荐这么多有趣的书 remendsomanyinterestingbooks试试你们学校的图书馆 tryyourschoollibrary在这么短的时间之内 insuchashorttime读一些关于这本书的评论 readsomereviewsaboutthisbook在阅读周 intheReadingWeek按时 ontime及时 intime按时归还图书 returnthebooksontime在图书馆保持安静 keepquietinthelibrary保持书干净和整洁 keepthebookscleanandtidy哈利•波特系列 HarryPotterseries一个英国作家 aBritishwriter首次获得哈利波特故事的灵感 gettheideaforthefirstHarryPotterstory在去伦敦的火车旅途中 onatraintriptoLondon完成系列丛书中最后一本 finishthelastbookoftheseries所有英国出版社 alltheBritishpublishinghouses拒绝出版它 refusetopublishit拒绝做某事 refusetodosth.一次巨大的成功 agreatsuccess被译为多种语言 betranslatedintomanylanguages在许多国家和地区超过数百万册 morethan450millioncopiesinmanycountriesandareas一个加拿大作家 aCanadianwriter在一开始 intheverybeginning学校图书管理员 theschoollibrarian在网上搜索信息 searchforinformationontheInternet我一次能借几本书？ HowmanybookscanIborrowatatime?我可以借这本书多长时间 HowlongcanIkeepthebooks?如何续借 howtorenewthem在海上航行 sailthesea寻找珍藏的宝藏 lookforhiddentreasure给我很多信心 givemealotofconfidence不像我过去一样害羞 benotasshyasiusedtobe尝试新事物 trynewthings在未来拥有令人兴奋的经历 haveexcitingexperiencesinthefuture不同种类的书 differenttypesofbooks中国四大古典名著 thefourgreatclassicalChinesenovels在我家对面 oppsitemyhome为我开拓了一个新世界 openupawholenewworldtome二.语法疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作哪些成分？1．Millie

has

decided

what

to

read．米莉已经决定读什么了。

探究点：“疑问词＋不定式”的结构可用作_______、_______和_______。

[指点迷津]

“疑问词＋不定式”结构的用法：

(1)该结构的句法功能：

“wh词＋不定式”主要用作宾语。

We

must

think

what

to

do．我们必须考虑怎么办。

I

can't

decide

whom

to

invite.我不能决定该邀请谁。

除用作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语等。

When

to

leave

has

not

been

decided.何时离开还没有决定。

The

question

is

how

to

find

him.问题是如何找到他。

(2)

why用于该结构的注意点：

原则上说，why后不接不定式，不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。

Why

not

go

there

at

once?

为什么不马上去那儿呢？

Why

argue

with

her?

为什么要跟她争论呢？

[注意]这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。

你昨天为什么不打扫房间？

误：Why

not

clean

the

room

yesterday?

正：Why

didn't

you

clean

the

room

yesterday?(3)

how用于该结构的注意点：

有些动词后接“how＋不定式”作宾语时，how可以省略：

Did

you

learn

(how)

to

drive

a

car?

你学过开车吗？

但是，有些动词后面接“疑问词how＋不定式”作宾语时，尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出，但不能将how省略。

He

knows

how

to

play

the

piano.他会弹钢琴。

He

showed

her

how

to

swim.他教她游泳。

(4)“疑问词十不定式”结构可以和复合句转换。

He

asked

where

he

would

go

shopping

after

supper.

＝He

asked

where

to

go

shopping

after

supper.他问他晚饭后会去哪儿购物。

同义句转换

The

teacher

asked

us

how

we

could

help

him.

The

teacher

asked

us_______

_______

_______

him.

2．Wow，that's

amazing!哇，那太棒了！

探究点：表示“感到惊讶的”用单词

。

[指点迷津](1)

amazing令人惊讶的，指物，为动词amaze的现在分词。

amazing

news令人感到惊讶的消息

(2)

amazed感到惊讶的，指人，为动词amaze的过去式和过去分词。

He

is

amazed

at

the

amazing

news.他对这个惊人的消息感到惊讶。

be

amazed

at/by大为惊讶的

I

was

amazed

at

her

knowledge

of

English

literature.她对英国文学之了解让我很惊奇。

must与have

to

1．must的用法

must是情态动词，意为“必须，一定要”，后接动词原形，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问

句。Must的否定形式must

not

(mustn’t)语气较为强烈，意为“不许；禁止”。

I

must

finish

the

work

before

dinner.

You

mustn’t

swim

in

the

lake.

It’s

too

dangerous.

2．have

to的用法

have

to意为“必须，不得不”，后接动词原形，表示在客观上有必要做某事。使用have

to时应注意以下几点：

(1)

have

to有一般现在(have

to，has

to)，一般过去(had

to)和一般将来(will

have

to)等多种时态。

Eg:Sandy

had

to

wait

at

the

park

gate

yesterday

morning.

(2)

构成一般疑问句时，要在句子开头加do/does，did或will等助动词。

Eg:Will

they

have

to

speak

English

in

Canada?

(3)

have

to的否定形式don’t/doesn`t/won`t

have

to表示“没有必要”。

Eg:You

don’t

have

to

answer

the

question.

3．must与have

to的区别

(1)两者都表示“必须”，但must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have

to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不，被迫”之意。

Eg:Everyone

must

wear

seat

belts.

Eg:His

bike

was

broken

yesterday,so

he

had

to

walk

to

school.

(2)must的否定式must

not

(mustn’t)表示“一定不要，不允许”；而have

to的否定式don’t/doesn’t

have

to(

=needn’t)表示“不必”。

must没有人称、数和时态的变化；而have

to有人称、数和时态的变化。二.基础巩固（典型基础练习题）【例题1】—

________

you

pass

me

a

pen?

I‘d

like

to

write

down

the

phone

number.

—Sure.

Here

it

is.

A.

Can

B.

Need

C.

Might

D.

Must

【题2】—May

I

go

to

the

cinema,

mum?

—

Certainly,

but

you

________

be

back

by

11

o‘clock.

A.

can

B.

may

C.

must

D.

need

【例题3】You

______

get

there

by

bus.

A.

don‘t

need

B.

needn‘t

to

C.

don‘t

need

to

D.

need

don‘t

to

【例题4】Can

you

go

surfing

with

us

this

afternoon?

I‘d

like

to

,

but

I

__

look

after

my

sister

at

home

,

because

my

mother

is

ill.

A.need

B.must

C.have

to

D.should

三．中考链接（历年中考真题）Wehavetofinishtheworknow,_____?A．don’tweB．haven’tweC．haveweD．dowe四.课堂小结1.了解“疑问词十不定式”的用法2.must与have

to

五.课后练习一、单项选择()1.Whatdoyouusethebookstodo?Iusethem__________theboxonthefridge.A.toclimbB.toreachC.climbD.reach()2.Whattypeofbookdoyoulike?________________.A.I’mreadingabook.B.I’minterestedinhistorybooks.C.IamlikeabookD.Ilikehistorybooks.()3.Whatdoyouliketoreadinyoursparetime?____________________.A.I’vereadthatbook.B.Ilikereadingnovelsandplays.C.Ididnotknowwhattoread.D.Ididnotknowhowtogetaway.()4.Don’tshout__________them.Theyarereadingabook.A.inB.atC.withD.about()5.Hesawahugearmyoftinypeople_________towardshim.A.eB.toeC.esD.ing()6.Bytheway,canyoutellme___________ourbookreport?BeforenextFriday.A.howtoaskforB.whattowriteaboutC.whentohandinD.whotofind()7.You_______________eatordrinkinthelibrary.A.mustB.mustnotC.havetoD.don’thaveto()8.___________canIkeepthemontime?Fortwoweeks.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howmuch()9.Afterreadingthebook,Iamnot____________Iusedtobe.A.shyB.asshyC.veryshyD.asshyas()10.Whydoyouusuallyread?______________.A.IgetmostofbooksB.Becausesomeonehasremendedabook.C.Ilovereading.D.Weoftenmeettogether.二、完形填空Jenniesatatherwindowasusual,lookingoutuponthestreet,withalookofsadnessonherface,“Whatalongdaythisisgoingtobe!”Thenshesawalittleboyrunningdownthestreet,swinginghisschoolbag.Lookinguptothewindow,hetookoff____1____hatandbowedwithabright,pleasantsmile.“Whatanice____2____,”saidJennietoherself,astheboyranoutofsight.“Itseemslikehavingthesunshine.Iwisheverybodywhogoesbywouldlookup____3____smile.George,thelittleboy,toldhismotheraboutthat____4____girlwhenhegotbackhome,“Shelookssohelpless.IwishIcoulddosomethingforher.”“Whynotgivehersome____5____?”saidhismother.Georgeagreed.Thenextmorning,asJennie____6___atthewindowagain,shesawGeorgewithahandfulofbeautifulflowerscarefullypickinghiswayacrossthestreet.Hestoppedinfrontofherwindow,smilingpleasantly,andsaid,“CanIein?”Jennietoldhim_____7____togetintothehouse.OpeningthedoortoJennie’sgentle“ein”,Georgesaid,“I’vebroughtyousomeflowers.”“Aretheyforme?”saidJennie____8____.“Howkindyouare,”shecontinued,asGeorgeputtheflowersonherlap.I’ve____9___receivedanyflowersincewemovedtothetown.”“Didyouliveinthecountryside?”askedGeorge,___10____theold,smallandemptyroom.“Yes,”saidJennie.Jennieusedtohaveahappyfamilyandliveinabeautifulhouseinthecountryside.However,shelostherrightleginanaccident.She____11____walklikeotherpeopleanylonger.Later,herfatherdied,andhermotherwassick___12____somanyyearsthattheirmoneywasallgone.Theysoldthehouse,andmoveheretogetworktodo.Georgetoldhisparents____13____.Theydecidedtohelpher.Moreandmorepeopleinthe____14___gaveJenniefriendlysmileswhentheypassedbyherhouse.Shewasgreatlycheeredup.Afewmonthslater,Jennieandhermother____15____aflowershop.PeoplecouldalwaysseeJenniesittingintheshop,havingalovelysmileonface.()1.A.herB.hisC.yourD.my()2.A.houseB.doorC.smileD.schoolbag()3.A.andB.butC.asD.or()4.A.richB.luckyC.badD.poor()5.A.moneyB.flowersC.clothesD.food()6.A.dancedB.criedC.satD.laughed()7.A.howB.whoC.whenD.why()8.A.angrilyB.easilyC.sadlyD.happily()9.A.neverB.usuallyC.alwaysD.sometimes()10.A.lookingforB.lookingaroundC.lookinglikeD.lookingafter()11.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t()12.A.forB.inC.atD.on()13.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing()14.A.countrysideB.townC.villageD.city()15.A.reachedB.leftC.closedD.opened三、阅读理解AReadingisagoodhabit,buttheproblemis,there'stoomuchtoreadthesedays,andtoolittletimetoreadeverywordofit.Therearehundredsofskillstohelpyoureadmoreinlesstime.HerearetwoskillsthatIthinkareespeciallygood.Previewifit'slongandhard.Previewingisespeciallyusefulforgettingageneralideaofheavyreadinglikelongmagazinearticlesandbusinessreports.Here'showtopreview.●Readthefirsttwoparagraphsandthelasttwoparagraphscarefully.●Thenreadonlythefirstsentenceoftheotherparagraphs.Previewingdoesn'tgiveyouallthedetails.Itkeepsyoufromspendingtimeonthingsyoudon'treallywantorneedtoread.Skimifit'sshortandsimple.Skimmingisagoodwaytogetageneralideaoflightreadinglikepopularmagazinesorthesportsandentertainmentofyourdailypaper.Here'showtoskim.●Getyoureyestomovefast.Sweepthemacrosseachline.●Pickuponlyafewkeywordsineachline.Everybodyskimsdifferently.YouandImaynotpickupthesamewordswhenweskimthesamepiece,butwe'llgetasimilarideaofwhatit'sallabout.()1.Howmanyskillsareremendedinthispassage?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.()2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"preview"meaninChinese?A.精读B.默读C.朗读D.略读()3.WhatshouldweNOTdowhenwereadsportsnewsinadailypaperaccordingtothepassage?A.Readthelasttwoparagraphscarefully.B.Getoureyestomovefast.C.Sweepoureyesacrosseachline.D.Pickuponlyafewkeywordsineachline.()4.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowtoreadfasterB.WhattoreadC.WhentoreadD.WhyweshouldreadBSpendingmorethantwohoursanightdoinghomeworkleadstobetterresultsinEnglish,mathandscience,accordingtoamajorstudy(byPamSammons,England)whichhastracked(跟踪）theprogressof3,000childrenoverthepast15years.Spendinganytimedoinghomeworkshowedadvantages,buttheinfluencewasgreaterforthestudentswhoputintwotothreehoursanight,accordingtothestudypublishedbytheDepartmentforEducationinEngland.Thescientistswhodidtheresearchsaytheirstudyemphasizes(强调）whatstudentsactuallydoratherthanhowmuchworktheschoolhasset.PamSammons,aprofessorofeducationatOxfordUniversity,saidthattimespentonhomeworkshowedtheinfluenceoftheschool—ifchildrenwereexpectedtodohomeworkandiftheyenjoytheirsubjects.“That’soneofthereasonsIndianandChinesechildrendobetter.Theyputmoretimeinit.”headded.It’salsoreportedthatstudentswhoenjoyedschoolgotbetterresults.“Schoolscouldmakesurechildrenhadabetterexperiencebyimprovingtheschoolenvironment,makingschoolworkinterestingandmakingchildrenfeelsupportedbyteachers."Sammonssaid.Itissuggestedthatchildrenaged5to7shouldbesetonehourhomeworkaweek,halfanhouranightfor7to11yearolds.Secondaryschoolswereencouragedtosetuptwohoursanightfor14to16yearolds.“Headteachersshouldmaketheirownhomeworkpolicy,”thegovernmentsays.()5.Wherecanweprobablyreadthispassage?A.Inaposter.B.Inamagazine.C.Inastorybook.D.Inanadvertisement.()6.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,spending__________doinghomeworkleadstobetterresultsinlessons.A.halfanhourB.anhour C.overtwohoursD.lessthantwohours()7.Theunderlinedword“published”probablymeans__________inChinese.A.公布B.印刷 C.出版 D.发现()8.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUEaccordinglothepassage?A.Schoolscouldmakesurechildrenhadabetterexperience.B.Childrenaged1416shouldspendanhouranightonhomework.C.ThestudywaspublishedbytheDepartmentforEducationinChina.D.ChineseandIndianchildrendoworseinschoolworkfromPamSammons.()9.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat__________.A.Studentsshouldbeeinterestedintheirresults.B.Studentsshoulddohomeworkasmuchaspossible.C.Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentodomorehomework.D.It’sheadteachers’dutytomaketheirstudents’ownhomeworkpolicy.四、根据短文内容．完成下列句子．每空一词。Whenwegottothehospital,wefoundDadstillcoughedalot,buthissmilewasassureasever.Itwasanotherattackofpneumonia(肺炎).MyhusbandandIstayedwithhimfortheweekend,butwehadtogobacktoourjobsonMonday.LocalrelativeswouldhelpDadgethomefromthehospitalandlookafterhim.ButIwantedtolethimknowthatwealsocaredabouthim.evenwhenweweren'twithhim.ThenIrememberedafamilytraditionwhenourchildrenweresmall.Beforeleavingtheirgrandparents'homeafteravisit,eachchildwouldwritealovenotetotheirgrandparents.Fordays,theirgrandparentswouldsmileastheyreadthesenotesoflove.SowhenIcleanedDad'skitchenandmadethebedforhim,Iwrotesomenotes.Somewerelikethis,"Dad,Iputthefoodinthefridge."Someexpressedmylove,"Dad,Ihopeyouwillsleepwellinyournewbed."Mostnoteswereputdownstairswherehewouldstayforseveralweekswhenhewasill.ButIputonenoteupstairsunderhispillow(枕头),"Dad,ifyonhavefoundthisnote,youmustbefeelingbetter.Wearesoglad!""Thesenoteshelpedimprovehishealth.Severalweekslater,inoneofourregularphonecalls,IaskedDadhowhewasdoing.Hesaid,"Prettygood.Ijustfoundyournoteundermypillowupstairs!1.Thewriter'sfatherwas________andwassentto____________.2.Thewriter_______toherjobaftershestayedwithherfatherforthe_____.3.Itwasafamily__________forthechildrentowritelove___________totheirgrandparents.4.Thewriterdidthe________thingasherchildrento____________aboutherfather.5.Afewweekslater,whenthewriterheardherfather's____________,sheknewhefeltmuch_________.五、翻译句子(18分)1.当太阳升起时我发现许多小人在我的肚子和脖子上来回移动。Asthesunwasrising,Ifound____________________________.2.他们不久又站起来继续跑过终点。Theysoon____________________________________________.3.她必须在下午把她的女儿从学校接走。Shehasto__________________________________intheafternoon.4.在阅览室你必须保持安静。Youmust_________________________________________________.5.我没有确信在这个报告中写什么。Iamnotsure_______________________________________________.6.我花了一周七个多小时读不同种类的书。Ispend_________________________________differenttypesofbooks.

第十二讲复习Unit4

A

good

read适用学科英语适用年级初二适用区域江苏本讲时长90分钟知识点1.了解“疑问词十不定式”的用法2.must与have

to

教学目标1知识目标：能够掌握本单元的单词2技能目标：掌握“疑问词十不定式”的用法3情感目标：

1)了解不同类别的书的英文表达。2)能用英语谈论喜欢的书及喜欢的原因。3.情感目标：激发学生对英语的兴趣。教学重难点must与have

to

教学过程一．知识讲解一.重要短语决定做某事 decidetodosth怎样处理这些书 whattodowiththesebooks我不知道你喜欢书 Idon’tknowyoulikedbooks一本好读物 agoodread用他们来够着冰箱上的盒子 usethemtoreachtheboxonthefridge你喜欢什么种类的书？ Whattypeofbookdoyoulike?增长我过去的知识 improvemyknowledgeofthepast读一本关于二战时德国的书 readabookaboutGermanyinWorldWarII在某人空闲的时间 inonesspare/freetime那个丑男人的故事真的打动了我 Thestoryoftheuglymanreallytouchedme.给我一本小说 givemeanovel/giveanoveltome对历史书感兴趣 beinterestedinhistorybooks法国的作家 Frenchwriter读小说和戏剧 readnovelsandplays写的一本叫《格列佛游记》的书 abookcalledGulliver'sTravelsby…撞上了岩石 crashagainsttherocks尽可能的远 asfarasIcould/asfaraspossible当……时候 bythetime感觉陆地在我的脚下 feltthelandundermyfeet精疲力尽 betiredout倒在沙滩上 felldownonthebeach感觉腿上有东西 feltsomethingonmyleg在太阳升起时 asthesunwasrising被绑在地上 betiedtotheground爬到我的肚子和脖子上 movedupovermystomachandneck向下看 lookdown和我的小拇指一样大 bethesamesizeasmylittlefinger这个小人是谁？ Whowasthistinyperson?开始做某事 start/begintodosth./doingsth.朝某人喊叫 shoutatsb.(因生气而向某人吼叫)shouttosb.（因距离太远而吼叫）继续爬遍我的身体 continuedoingsth. continuemovingacrossmybody我也不知道说什么 Ididn'tknowwhattosayeither.开始和我交谈 begantalkingtome尽力把一只手放开 trytopullonehandfree最终设法弄断了绳子 finallymanagedtobreaktheropes把我的左手伸到空中 liftmylefthandintotheair看见一大群小人 sawahugearmyoftinypeople径直朝我走来 camestraighttowardsme逃离他们 runawayfromthem对某事不确定 benotsureaboutsth.格列佛发生了什么 whathappenedtoGulliver一直做某事 keepdoingsth发现他自己不能够去移动 foundhimselfunabletomove和小人们交流 municatewiththesmallman站在他的肩膀上 standonhisshoulder决定读什么 decidewhattoread忘记什么时候去回见朋友 whentomeetyourfriends想知道去哪儿寻求帮助 wonderwheretoaskforhelp建议我们选择哪一个 adviceuswhichtochoose什么时候上交作业 whentohandinhomework展示下一步做什么 showuswhattodonext自学怎样用电脑绘画 teachhimselfhowtousetheputertodraw讨论把墙涂成哪种颜色 discusswhichcolourtopaintthewalls推荐这么多有趣的书 remendsomanyinterestingbooks试试你们学校的图书馆 tryyourschoollibrary在这么短的时间之内 insuchashorttime读一些关于这本书的评论 readsomereviewsaboutthisbook在阅读周 intheReadingWeek按时 ontime及时 intime按时归还图书 returnthebooksontime在图书馆保持安静 keepquietinthelibrary保持书干净和整洁 keepthebookscleanandtidy哈利•波特系列 HarryPotterseries一个英国作家 aBritishwriter首次获得哈利波特故事的灵感 gettheideaforthefirstHarryPotterstory在去伦敦的火车旅途中 onatraintriptoLondon完成系列丛书中最后一本 finishthelastbookoftheseries所有英国出版社 alltheBritishpublishinghouses拒绝出版它 refusetopublishit拒绝做某事 refusetodosth.一次巨大的成功 agreatsuccess被译为多种语言 betranslatedintomanylanguages在许多国家和地区超过数百万册 morethan450millioncopiesinmanycountriesandareas一个加拿大作家 aCanadianwriter在一开始 intheverybeginning学校图书管理员 theschoollibrarian在网上搜索信息 searchforinformationontheInternet我一次能借几本书？ HowmanybookscanIborrowatatime?我可以借这本书多长时间 HowlongcanIkeepthebooks?如何续借 howtorenewthem在海上航行 sailthesea寻找珍藏的宝藏 lookforhiddentreasure给我很多信心 givemealotofconfidence不像我过去一样害羞 benotasshyasiusedtobe尝试新事物 trynewthings在未来拥有令人兴奋的经历 haveexcitingexperiencesinthefuture不同种类的书 differenttypesofbooks中国四大古典名著 thefourgreatclassicalChinesenovels在我家对面 oppsitemyhome为我开拓了一个新世界 openupawholenewworldtome二.语法疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作哪些成分？1．Millie

has

decided

what

to

read．米莉已经决定读什么了。

探究点：“疑问词＋不定式”的结构可用作_______、_______和_______。

[指点迷津]

“疑问词＋不定式”结构的用法：

(1)该结构的句法功能：

“wh词＋不定式”主要用作宾语。

We

must

think

what

to

do．我们必须考虑怎么办。

I

can't

decide

whom

to

invite.我不能决定该邀请谁。

除用作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语等。

When

to

leave

has

not

been

decided.何时离开还没有决定。

The

question

is

how

to

find

him.问题是如何找到他。

(2)

why用于该结构的注意点：

原则上说，why后不接不定式，不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。

Why

not

go

there

at

once?

为什么不马上去那儿呢？

Why

argue

with

her?

为什么要跟她争论呢？

[注意]这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。

你昨天为什么不打扫房间？

误：Why

not

clean

the

room

yesterday?

正：Why

didn't

you

clean

the

room

yesterday?(3)

how用于该结构的注意点：

有些动词后接“how＋不定式”作宾语时，how可以省略：

Did

you

learn

(how)

to

drive

a

car?

你学过开车吗？

但是，有些动词后面接“疑问词how＋不定式”作宾语时，尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出，但不能将how省略。

He

knows

how

to

play

the

piano.他会弹钢琴。

He

showed

her

how

to

swim.他教她游泳。

(4)“疑问词十不定式”结构可以和复合句转换。

He

asked

where

he

would

go

shopping

after

supper.

＝He

asked

where

to

go

shopping

after

supper.他问他晚饭后会去哪儿购物。

同义句转换

The

teacher

asked

us

how

we

could

help

him.

The

teacher

asked

us_______

_______

_______

him.

2．Wow，that's

amazing!哇，那太棒了！

探究点：表示“感到惊讶的”用单词

。

[指点迷津](1)

amazing令人惊讶的，指物，为动词amaze的现在分词。

amazing

news令人感到惊讶的消息

(2)

amazed感到惊讶的，指人，为动词amaze的过去式和过去分词。

He

is

amazed

at

the

amazing

news.他对这个惊人的消息感到惊讶。

be

amazed

at/by大为惊讶的

I

was

amazed

at

her

knowledge

of

English

literature.她对英国文学之了解让我很惊奇。

must与have

to

1．must的用法

must是情态动词，意为“必须，一定要”，后接动词原形，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问

句。Must的否定形式must

not

(mustn’t)语气较为强烈，意为“不许；禁止”。

I

must

finish

the

work

before

dinner.

You

mustn’t

swim

in

the

lake.

It’s

too

dangerous.

2．have

to的用法

have

to意为“必须，不得不”，后接动词原形，表示在客观上有必要做某事。使用have

to时应注意以下几点：

(1)

have

to有一般现在(have

to，has

to)，一般过去(had

to)和一般将来(will

have

to)等多种时态。

Eg:Sandy

had

to

wait

at

the

park

gate

yesterday

morning.

(2)

构成一般疑问句时，要在句子开头加do/does，did或will等助动词。

Eg:Will

they

have

to

speak

English

in

Canada?

(3)

have

to的否定形式don’t/doesn`t/won`t

have

to表示“没有必要”。

Eg:You

don’t

have

to

answer

the

question.

3．must与have

to的区别

(1)两者都表示“必须”，但must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have

to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不，被迫”之意。

Eg:Everyone

must

wear

seat

belts.

Eg:His

bike

was

broken

yesterday,so

he

had

to

walk

to

school.

(2)must的否定式must

not

(mustn’t)表示“一定不要，不允许”；而have

to的否定式don’t/doesn’t

have

to(

=needn’t)表示“不必”。

must没有人称、数和时态的变化；而have

to有人称、数和时态的变化。二.基础巩固（典型基础练习题）【例题1】—

________

you

pass

me

a

pen?

I‘d

like

to

write

down

the

phone

number.

—Sure.

Here

it

is.

A.

Can

B.

Need

C.

Might

D.

Must

【答案】A【解析】

由题干可知，本句表示请求、许可。

【例题2】—May

I

go

to

the

cinema,

mum?

—

Certainly,

but

you

________

be

back

by

11

o‘clock.

A.

can

B.

may

C.

must

D.

need

【答案】C【解析】

由题意可知，

此处并非表推测的用法，

而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求，

故选C。

【例题3】You

______

get

there

by

bus.

A.

don‘t

need

B.

needn‘t

to

C.

don‘t

need

to

D.

need

don‘t

to

【答案】

C

【解析】

由选项A

可知

need

为实义动词，

故应加上to

才正确。

选项

B

needn‘t为情态动词，

应去掉to，

故选

C.【例题4】Can

you

go

surfing

with

us

this

afternoon?

I‘d

like

to

,

but

I

__

look

after

my

sister

at

home

,

because

my

mother

is

ill.

A.need

B.must

C.have

to

D.should

【答案】C【分析】

由题干my

mother

is

ill

为客观要求可知，

选C.

三．中考链接（历年中考真题）Wehavetofinishtheworknow,_____?A．don’tweB．haven’tweC．haveweD．dowe【答案】A【解析】考查反义疑问句，前面是肯定形式，后面反问部分用否定形式。haveto是实意动词作谓语，并且是非第三人称单数，故反义问句用助动词don’t．四.课堂小结1.了解“疑问词十不定式”的用法2.must与have

to

五.课后练习一、单项选择()1.Whatdoyouusethebookstodo?Iusethem__________theboxonthefridge.A.toclimbB.toreachC.climbD.reach()2.Whattypeofbookdoyoulike?________________.A.I’mreadingabook.B.I’minterestedinhistorybooks.C.IamlikeabookD.Ilikehistorybooks.()3.Whatdoyouliketoreadinyoursparetime?____________________.A.I’vereadthatbook.B.Ilikereadingnovelsandplays.C.Ididnotknowwhattoread.D.Ididnotknowhowtogetaway.()4.Don’tshout__________them.Theyarereadingabook.A.inB.atC.withD.about()5.Hesawahugearmyoftinypeople_________towardshim.A.eB.toeC.esD.ing()6.Bytheway,canyoutellme___________ourbookreport?BeforenextFriday.A.howtoaskforB.whattowriteaboutC.whentohandinD.whotofind()7.You_______________eatordrinkinthelibrary.A.mustB.mustnotC.havetoD.don’thaveto()8.___________canIkeepthemontime?Fortwoweeks.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howmuch()9.Afterreadingthebook,Iamnot____________Iusedtobe.A.shyB.asshyC.veryshyD.asshyas()10.Whydoyouusuallyread?______________.A.IgetmostofbooksB.Becausesomeonehasremendedabook.C.Ilovereading.D.Weoftenmeettogether.二、完形填空Jenniesatatherwindowasusual,lookingoutuponthestreet,withalookofsadnessonherface,“Whatalongdaythisisgoingtobe!”Thenshesawalittleboyrunningdownthestreet,swinginghisschoolbag.Lookinguptothewindow,hetookoff____1____hatandbowedwithabright,pleasantsmile.“Whatanice____2____,”saidJennietoherself,astheboyranoutofsight.“Itseemslikehavingthesunshine.Iwisheverybodywhogoesbywouldlookup____3____smile.George,thelittleboy,toldhismotheraboutthat____4____girlwhenhegotbackhome,“Shelookssohelpless.IwishIcoulddosomethingforher.”“Whynotgivehersome____5____?”saidhismother.Georgeagreed.Thenextmorning,asJennie____6___atthewindowagain,shesawGeorgewithahandfulofbeautifulflowerscarefullypickinghiswayacrossthestreet.Hestoppedinfrontofherwindow,smilingpleasantly,andsaid,“CanIein?”Jennietoldhim_____7____togetintothehouse.OpeningthedoortoJennie’sgentle“ein”,Georgesaid,“I’vebroughtyousomeflowers.”“Aretheyforme?”saidJennie____8____.“Howkindyouare,”shecontinued,asGeorgeputtheflowersonherlap.I’ve____9___receivedanyflowersincewemovedtothetown.”“Didyouliveinthecountryside?”askedGeorge,___10____theold,smallandemptyroom.“Yes,”saidJennie.Jennieusedtohaveahappyfamilyandliveinabeautifulhouseinthecountryside.However,shelostherrightleginanaccident.She____11____walklikeotherpeopleanylonger.Later,herfatherdied,andhermotherwassick___12____somanyyearsthattheirmoneywasallgone.Theysoldthehouse,andmoveheretoget