医学英语情景会话口语训练范例

ClinicalDialoguesPart1.Womancomplainedoftightnessinabdomenassociatedwithbelching(嗳气)windwhichdidnotrelievefeeling.Symptomsusuallybeganbetween5and6p.m.lastingseveralhours.Relievedbywhitemixture.

(D=Doctor,P=Patient)0102Doesthepaincomeoninthenight?

[comeon:tostart

Ifacold,headache,orsomeothermedicalconditioniscomingon,itisjuststarting.

g.Ifeltacoldcomingon.我觉得开始感冒了。]

P:Notoften.D:Whenitcomeson,doyougetup?P:Yes,Igetupandwalkaroundanditrelieves.壹贰PainIhaveaheadache.01Ihaveasplittingheadache.（我头痛得像要裂开了。）02Ihaveastomach-ache.03Ifeeladullpaininthestomach.04Iseemtohavepainallover.（我似乎浑身都痛。）05I’machingallover.（我浑身都痛。）06Itstartedtwodaysago.It’sadullsortofpain,andIdon’tknowwhat’scausingit.Itallbeganyesterday.It’snotasharppain;justsortofadullache.Ithurtsterrible.（痛得很厉害。）Itcameonlastnight.01It’sbeenhangingaboutfornearlyaweek.（这已经持续了将近一个星期了。）02Itkeepshangingon.（这老是不好。）03Itsortofhungon.（这似乎不见好。）04Or:Justoffandon.（就是时断时续。）05I’vegotapaininmyback.（背疼）01Myeyeshavebeensore.（眼睛发痛）02Myleftfoothurts.03Mytoothisachingupagain.04IfeelshiveryandI’vegotasorethroat.（我觉得怕冷发抖，而且喉咙疼痛。）05Thepain’sbeenkeepingmeawake.D:Doesanythingbutthewhitemixturehelpit?010102P:I’vebeenonastrictdietforsixmonths.Inevertouchmilk.02onadiet:Ifyouareonadiet,youareeatingspecialkindsoffoodbecauseyouwanttoloseweight.（为减肥）节食touch:Ifyoudonottouchaparticularkindoffoodordrink,younevereatitordrinkit.吃；喝e.g.Drink?No,shenevertouchesthestuff.喝酒？不，他从不喝这种东西。D:Doesanypositionhelpyou?D:Haveyoubeensick?（你呕吐过吗？）

(=Anyvomiting?)P:No,Itcomesonaftertea,aboutfive.Ihavemymainmealmidday.P:OnlyatthebeginningIwasverysickthen.Asickpersonhasanillnessorsomeotherproblemwiththeirhealth.

Tobesickmeanstobringupfoodthroughyourmouthfromyourstomach.e.g.IthinkI’mgoingtobesick.0102Notethat“Georgeisbeingsick”means“Georgeisbringingupfoodfromhisstomach”;“Georgeissick”means“Georgeisill”.However,“Georgewassick”canmeaneither“Georgebroughtupfoodfromhisstomach”or“Georgewasill”.Vomithasthesamemeaningas“besick”.Vomitisafairlyformalword.

e.g.Shewasstrickenwith(被...折磨)painandbegantovomit.

Throwup:Inconversation,somepeoplesay

throwupinsteadof“besick”.

e.g.IthinkI’mgoingtothrowup.

I’vebeenthrowingup.我一直呕吐。D:Doyoufeelsick?（恶心吗？）010203(=Haveyougotanyfeelingofnausea?)(=Areyoufeelingnausea?)P:Yes,IfeelsickbutIcan’tbesick.（我经常恶心，但不再呕吐。）Feelsick:Tofeelsickmeanstofeelthatyouwanttobesick.

e.g.Flyingalwaysmakesmefeelsick.Note:

ILLandsickarebothusedtosaythatthatsomeonehasadiseaseorsomeotherproblemwiththeirhealth.

e.g.Davisisill.

Youruncleisverysick.

Asickchild…MostBritishspeakersdonotuseillinfrontofanoununlesstheyarealsousinganadverb(副词).Forexample,theydonottalkabout“anillwoman”,buttheymighttalkabout“aseriouslyillwoman”.…aterminallyillpatient.AmericanandScottishspeakerssometimesuseillinfrontofanounwithoutusinganadverb.Wehadtogetmedicalhelpforourillsisters.0102D:Doesthepaingothroughtotheback?

P:No,butitgoesundermyarmpits.（腋下）

D:What’syourweightbeendoing?（你的体重最近怎样？）

(=Haveyoulostweightrecently?)

P:I’velostoneandhalfstonebutI’vebeenonafat-freedietforsixmonths.

(or:Myweightfellfrom65kg.to50kg.)Stone:aunitofweightinGreatBritain,14pounds(6.4kilograms)英石[英国重量单位，等于14磅(6.4公斤）]D:What’syourappetitelike?（你的胃口怎样？）

(=Howaboutyourappetite?)

(=Doyouhaveanyappetite?)What’s(your)/(the)…?/Whatseemstobethe…?What’syourappetitelike?What’syourcomplaint?(你有什么不舒服？)

=What’syourtrouble?

=What’sthetrouble?

=What’sbotheringyou?

=Whatseemstobebotheringyou?=Whatseemstobetheproblem?=What’swrongwithyou?=What’sthematterwithyou?=Whatseemstobethetrouble?=Whathurtsyou?=Whatdoyoucomplainof?=Whatseemstobethematter?P:Poorasever.

(=I’vegotabadappetite.)

D:Whataboutyourbowels?（大便如何？）

(=Areyourbowelsactingproperly?)

(=Areyourbowelsregular?)

P:Igotwiceaday,inthemorning.D:Isthisalife-longhabit?P:Yes.D:Whatdothemotionslooklike?Well-formed,firm?（大便什么形状？成形，坚实吗？）P:Yes.D:Whataboutthecolor?Hasitchanged?P:No.D:Aretheydark?P:Yes.D:Anysignofblood?P:No.D:Dotheyfloatonthewaterwhenyouflushthelavatory?（你冲洗厕所时，它漂浮在水面上吗？）P:No.01020304D:Haveyounoticedanunpleasantsmell?D:Haveyounoticedanydifferenceinyourwater?（你排尿有无异常？）05D:Doyouhavetogetupinthenight?（你夜间起来上厕所吗？）P:No.P:No.P:Once.06D:Yourwaterhasn’tbeendarker?01D:Doyousmoke?03D:Doyoudrink?05P:No.02P:10aday.04P:Notmuch.06D:Haveyouanyothertrouble?P:No,myangina’sbeenverygood.（我的心绞痛已经好了。）I’venothadmuchtroublewiththatfortwoyears.（这两年没大犯过。）

-Or:Ifeelabsolutelyrotten.（我觉得身体很不舒服、非常虚弱。）

[Ifyoufeelorlookrotten,youfeelorlookill]Ifeelabitoffcolor.（我觉得有点不舒服。）

[Here,colormeansreddish-pinkcolorinone’sfacethatshowsthatone’shealthisgood.面色；血色]

Ifeelsoill.

Ifeelratherunwell.

Ifeelverybad.Ireallyfeelterrible.

IthinkI’mdying.（我难受极了。）

I’mfeelingratheroutofsortsthesedays.（这些天我觉得身体很不舒服。）

[Ifyoufeeloutofsorts,youfeelslightlyunwell,discontented,orannoyed.身体不适；心情不佳；烦恼]I’mundertheweather.（我不舒服。）

[Ifyousaythatyouareundertheweather,youmeanthatyoufeelslightlyill.]

Mywholebodyfeelsweak.

Ijustfeelallpoopedout.（我只觉得精疲力竭。）

[bepoopedout:tobeverytired;usedmainlyininformalAmericanEnglish.]D:You’vealsohadtroublewithyourleg?P:Yes,theythoughtitwasthrombosis(血栓).D:Whendidyoufirststartwithyourtummytrouble?（第一次胃病是什么时候发作的？）Tummy:thehumanstomachorbelly肚子，胃P:About14yearsago.D:Thesame,butmorebothersomenow?（现在是否更厉害?）

P:Yes,it’stighter.

（病情更重了。）

Warning:

1)Youdonotsaythatsomeonebecomes“iller”or“moreill”.Yousaythattheybecomeworse.

2)Youdonotuseillorsicktosaythatsomeonehasreceivedaninjury.Yousaythattheyareinjuredorhurt.D:Haveyoueverbeenjaundiced?（得过黄疸吗？）P:No.D:Isyourtummyswollenwhenyoufeellikethis?（犯病时肚胀吗？）P:ItfeelsasthoughI’mgoingtoburst.（我觉得肚子快要爆炸了。）D:Well,I’dliketohavealookatyou.（检查一下）Willyougetundressedandlieonthecouchplease?（请脱去衣服，躺在检查床上。）Or:Liedownonthecouchthere.Letmejustsee.Liedownonthecouchthere.Letmeexamineyourbelly.Wouldyoumindtakingoffallyourclothesexceptyourpants(formen)/exceptyourpantsandbra奶罩(forwomen)?Lieonthecouchandcoveryourselfwiththeblanket.1Well,let’ssee.2Nowslipoffyourcoatandshirt,please.3Striptoyourwaist,please.把上身衣服脱掉4ARollyoursleeveup.BSlipyourshoesoffandhopuponthebed.CSlipoffyourshoesandsocks.DLetmecheckyourlungsandheart.ELetmelistentoyourlungsandheart.STEP5STEP4STEP3STEP2STEP1Letmeexamineyourstomach.Letmesoundyourlungs.(叩诊)Unbuttonyourshirtandletmelistentoyourlungs.Openyourmouthandsay“Ah”.Openyourmouthplease,andshowmeyourtongue.01Putthisthermometer(体温计)underyourtongue.03Well,I’dbettertakeyourbloodpressure.04MayItakeyourbloodpressure?02I’llhaveyourtemperaturetaken.05Letmetakeyourbloodpressure.ClinicalExaminationDuringtheexaminationthedoctoraskedthefollowingquestions:P:No.D:Doyousufferfromheartburn?P:Yes.Alovelycolorinthewinter!（冬天简直红得可爱！）D:Areyourhandsalwayscoldandred?P:No.D:Haveyouhadanychildren?01040203D:Justholdyourbreathforamoment.Breathethroughyourmouth.Showmewhereyougetthispain.Yourage?P:72.D:Yourperiodsfinishedwhen?（你什么时候停经的。）P:WhenIwasabout52or3.D:Anytendernesshere?P:It’sabitsorebutnotalot.D:Doesitcatchyouatallwhenyoubreathe?（你每次呼吸都觉得痛吗？）P:No.01040203D:Haveyouanypainsinyourlegs?

(=Doyouhaveanypainsinyourlegs?)P:Igetcramp（抽筋）abitwhenI’minbed.D:Moreinonelegthantheother?P:Igetitinmyrightleg;that’smyvaricose（静脉曲张）leg.D:Apartfromthis,you’vehadnootherseriousillnessinthelast14years?

P:No.

D:I’mgoingtotakeadropofyourbloodandI’dlikeyoutohaveastomachX-ray.You’llhavetocomespecially,don’teatanythingbeforeanddrinkawhitepastewhichoutlinesyourstomachandwe’lltakesomepictures.Or:01Ithinkwe’dbettergiveyouafewtests.02Abloodtestisnecessary.03Takeyourbloodcountfirst,please.04You’retohaveabloodtest.05STEP4STEP3STEP2STEP1I’mgoingtotakeathroatculturesowe’llknowforsure.Youmusthaveanelectrocardiographexamination.Well,let’stakeanX-rayofyourchest.GoandhaveyourchestX-rayed.BOWELS大便

Medicalwords:faeces,stools,todefaecate

Colloquialwords:motion,tohavethebowelsopenedUsefulquestions

♥Howoftendoyouhaveyourbowelsopened?

♥

Isthisalife-longhabit?

♥

Whatdothemotionslooklike?

♥

Aretheyquitewellformed?

♥

Whataboutthecolor?

Hasitchanged?♥

Aretheydarkerincolor？

♥

Haveyoueverseenanybloodinyourmotions?

♥

Haveyounoticedanunpleasantsmell?

♥

Doyoueverhavediarrhea(腹泻)orconstipation(便秘)

?

♥

Doyouhavetogoinahurry?（上厕所）

♥

Canyouholdyourmotions?（控制排便）♥Doyouhavetostrain(用力)topassyourmotions?(tenesmus)（里急后重,下坠）♥Doyoutakelaxatives(轻泻剂)?♥Dothemotionsfloatonthewaterafterflushingthelavatory?♥Doyoueverhaveanypainonpassingyourmotions?STEP1STEP2STEP3STEP4♥Doyougetpainbefore,duringorafterpassingyourmotions?♥Doyousufferfromwind?♥Haveyounoticedanyspecialfoodupsetsyourbowels?♥Haveyoulostanyweight?Descriptivewords1Color:black,brown,clay-like,colorless-likerice-water(cholera霍乱),darkbrown,green,grey,pale,pea-soup-like,putty-like(油灰样),porridge-like)(麦片粥样)(steatorrhoea脂肪痢),jelly-like,tarry(柏油样),white,yellow,etc.2Formandconsistency(稠度):bloody,bulky,dry,fatty,floating,friable,frequent,frothy(泡沫样的),greasy(油脂过多的),hard,harddryballs,loose,purulent(脓性的),slimy(粘液的),soft,watery,well-formed,worms,etc.01Amount:copious,scanty02Odor:offensive(verybad)UsefulExpressions

Greeting

♣“Goodmorning,Mrs.Rayner,comeandsitdown.”

Askingpatientstodescribetheirsymptoms

♣“Wellnow,howcanIhelpyou?”

♣“Well,Mrs.Rayner,what’sthetrouble?”

♣“Yourdoctorsaysyou’vebeenhavingtroublewithyourback.Tellmeaboutit.”Collectingcases

Mentionedabove.

Directingpatientshowtoundress

♣“Wouldyoumindtakingoffallyourclothesexceptyourpants(formen)/exceptyourpantsandbra(forwomen)?Lieonthecouchandcoveryourselfwiththeblanket.”

♣“Slipoffyourshoesandsocks.”

♣“Rollyoursleeveup.”Directingpatientshowtoassumeappropriatepositions

♣“Pleaselieonyourtummy.”

♣“Pleaseturnoverandlieonyourback.”

♣“Rolloverontoyourleftside.”

♣“Bendyourknees.”01♣“Walkacrosstheroom.”♣“Situp.”♣“Leanforward.”♣“Getoffthecouchandstandup.”020304painful:Yousaythatsomethingispainfulwhenitmakesyoufeelpain.

e.g.alongandpainfulillnessIfapartofyourbodyispainful,ithurts.

e.g.MybackissopainfulthatIcannotstandupright.Whensomeonefeelspain,youdonotsaythattheyare“painful”.Yousaythattheyareinpain.01e.g.Hewasinpainandcouldnotmoveintoacomfortableposition.02Part2.D:Iseeyouhavehadseveralattacksofinfluenza(流行性感冒).Anythingelse?01P:I’vehaddizziness(头晕目眩)andI’vebeensick.02Ifyoufeeldizzy,youfeelthatyouarelosingyourbalanceandareabouttofall.03Tobesickmeanstobringupfoodthroughyourmouthfromyourstomach.04D:Howoftenaretheattacks?P:Nearlyeveryday.P:Twomonthsago.D:Whendidthisstart?D:Howlongdotheylast?

P:Somelastallday,some

acoupleof

hours.

“Acoupleofthingsorquantities”meansapproximatelytwothingsorquantities.Youusethisinformalexpressionwhenyouarenotsureoftheexactnumberofthingsorquantitiesyouarereferringtoandthenumberisnotimportant.D:Doesanythingbringontheseattacks?

bringon:tocausetooccur引起（疾病、痛苦、发作等）Youcanusethestructure“Somethingbringsonanillness,pain,orattack”.P:No.D:Willyoudescribeoneoftheseattacks?P:Itstartswithaheadache—athrobbing(跳动)headache.Myeyesstartrunning.Ican’ttouchthem,theyaresosore(疼痛的).Andthenthewholehousegoesround.Thenitgoesdark.D:Doyouseeflashinglights(闪光)?P:No.D:Whenyousayyougodizzy,whatdoyoumean?P:IfeelI’llfalloverandtheroomspins(旋转)round.IfIgotobed,thebedgoesround.fallover:Ifyoufalloverfromanuprightorstandingposition,youbecomeunbalancedandfalltotheground,lyinglengthways(纵向地)orinaheap.跌倒；摔倒D:Whenyoumove,doyoustagger?

stagger:tomoveorstandunsteadily,asifyouabouttofall蹒跚；摇晃

P:I’mtooscaredtomove.（吓得一点都不敢动）

Ifyouarescared,youareveryfrightenedofsomeoneorsomething,andthereforeunabletobehavecalmly.吃惊的；吓坏了的P:No.05D:Doyoubringanythingup?（有没有呕吐vomit/痰sputum？）03D:Haveyounoticedanythingelse?01Whenyoubringupfood,youvomit;aninformaluse.04P:Icoughalot.021D:Isyourhearingaffected?Doyouhavebuzzing(嗡嗡声)orringingnoises?2P:Yes.3D:Inbothears?4P:Yes.D:Whenyougotobed,doyousleep?

P:Ijustlieanditgoesoffwithinafewhours.

Ifyougooff,youfallasleep;aninformaluse.入睡

e.g.Hewentoffassoonashisheadtouchedthepillow.D:Haveyoueverwokenuplikethis?01wakeup:Whenyouwakeuporsomethingwakesyouup,youbecomeconsciousagainafterbeingasleep.醒来；唤醒02Youcanuse“likethis”or“likethat”whenyouaredrawingattentiontosomethingthatyouaredoingorthatsomeoneelseisdoing.像这样（引起对正做之事的注意）01e.g.Sorrytobreakinonyoulikethis(原谅我这样打扰您),Dr.Mark.0201P:No.Itisalwaysintheday.02D:Doesmovementoftheheadcauseit?03P:No.04D:Ifyousuddenlygetupoutofachairdoesitstart?05P:No.P:Ihadmygallbladder(胆囊)removed.3124D:Howlonghaveyoubeendiabetic(糖尿病)?P:Fouryears.D:Anyotherseriousillness?“havesth.done”pattern

GoandhaveyourchestX-rayed.

Youmusthaveyourtoothextracted.

Youmusthaveyourappendix(阑尾)removed.

You’llhavetohaveyourdecayedtoothpulledout.D:Anythingelse?P:IhadVD[性病(venerealdisease)]nineyearsago.Iwasinhospitalforthreeweeksandhadacourseofinjections(注射).ClinicalExaminationTakeadeepbreathinandholdyourbreath.Closeyoureyesgently.Nottootight.Lookuptotheceiling(天花板).Holdyourarmsout.Areyourbowels(大便)allright?1Yes.2D:Notroublewithyourwater(排尿)?01P:No.02D:Yourperiods(绝经)finishedsomeyearsago?03P:Yes.Fouryearsago.04D:Well,theredoesn’tseemanythingseriouslywrongwithyou.I’dlikeyoutohavesomeX-raysthroughandabloodtest.DiagnosingandtreatingBythelookofit,itshouldbearash.从表面看，这应该是皮疹。01Bythesoundofit,it’sbronchitis(支气管炎).02Itlookslikemeasles.看上去像麻疹。03Itlooksasifit’sSLE.看起来这似乎是红斑狼疮。04Itsoundsasifyou’vecaughtcold.听上去你似乎得了感冒。Ishouldsayyou’vecaughtcold.感冒Ishouldthinkyou’vegottheflu.流行性感冒Itsoundslikebronchitis.听起来像支气管炎。Youprobablyhavecontractedtheflu.你大概得了流行性感冒。01Youseemtohavepickedupsomekindofinfection.你似乎已受了某种感染。02ItcouldbeacaseofTB.可能是肺结核病。03It’sinflammationoftheskin.04You’resufferingaheartdisease,I’mafraid.1You’rerunningatemperature.你在发烧。2You’vegotadropoffever.你稍许有点热度。3Idon’tthinkit’sanythingserious.我看这并不严重。4It’snotsoseriousasitseems.这并不像表面显示的那么严重。5There’snothingtobealarmedabout.没什么可大惊小怪的。Yourcaseisnotveryserious.Nothingserious.没什么大问题。You’vegottheflu,butnotveryserious.It’snothingserious,butyou’dbetterstayinbed.It’snothingbutalittleinfectioninthefingertip.这只不过是指尖有点感染。You’llbeallrightsoon.你不久就会康复的。

=You’llgetoveritsoon.Ifyourrecoverygoesonlikethis,youcanleaveinthreedays.如果你的康复情况像这样继续下去，过三天你就可以出院了。Ithinkyouneedashottodeadenthepa