语法专题十五 定语从句【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）

语法专题十五、定语从句考点考点精讲概念理解定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，又称形容词性从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句在先行词后面，但二者并不一定紧挨着。关系词（引导词）：连接先行词和从句的词叫引导词，也可叫关系词或连接词。连接词有that，who，which等。Ilikethemoviethat/whichisfunny.先行词引导词Ilikethesingerwhoisbeautiful.先行词引导词【特别注意】先行词和引导词是等量关系=1\*GB3①引导词（关系词）在定语从句中充当成分，代替先行词，意思就是先行词的意义。所以，在定语从句中不能重复其意。正TherearemanyplacesthatwecanvisitinChina.误TherearemanyplacesthatwecanvisittheminChina.=2\*GB3②先行词在从句中做主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词单复数形式由先行词决定。Thisistheplacethatisfamousforpandas.Johnreadsbookswhicharefun.如何把两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复合句Heisthethief.他是那个小偷。Thethiefstolemywallet.那个小偷偷了我的钱包。（两个简单句）Heisthethiefwho/thatstolemywallet.他是那个偷了我钱包的小偷。（一个复合句）通过观察，我们可以总结出以下合并规律：把两个简单句合在一起。HeisthethiefThethiefstolemywallet.合并同类项，去掉一个多余的。Heisthethiefstolemywallet.根据先行词来选择引导词来代替这个多余项。Heisthethiefwho/thatstolemywallet.引导词的选择（1）关系代词：who(人-主格),whom(人-宾客),whose(人-所有格),which(物),that(人/物)。（2）关系副词：where(地点),when(时间),why(原因)。初中阶段要求掌握关系代词。一般who用于指代人的先行词，which用来指代物的先行词，that既可指人又可指物。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。4.引导词只能用that的情况：（1）先行词本身是all,everything,something,nothing,anything等不定代词时；先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或thelast,thefirst,thesame,theonly,等作定语时；先行词既有人又有物时。1.Heisthefirstperson______comestoschooleveryday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.which2.Thisisthemostbeautifulpicture_____Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whose3.Heistheonlyperson_______passedtheexaminhisclass.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.that4.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings_____theycanremember.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.which5.Thereisnothingintheworld________canmakehimgiveuphisdream.A.what B.that C.which D.who5.引导词只能用which的情况（1）关系代词前有介词。Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.（2）先行词本身是that。TheclockisthatwhichIboughtyesterday.（3）非限制性定语从句。HisEnglish,whichusedtobeverypoor,isnowexcellent.Thehotelin

westayedlastweekisrightonBondiBeach.A.that B.which C.who D.whom6.定语从句中引导词的省略不管定语从句修饰的先行词是人还是物，如果引导词在从句中作宾语，引导词可以省略。不过在正式文体中，引导词不省略。但是引导词在从句中作主语时就不能省略。—Whatareyoudoing?

—I'mreadingthenovel______youlentmeyesterday.A.what B.who C.when D./7.定语从句的时态问题定语从句的时态一般不受主句的影响，根据从句所在具体的语境和意义而定。例如：TheheadmasterwhomadeaspeechyesterdayisfromPekingUniversity.昨天做演讲的校长来自北京大学。（主句一般现在时，从句一般过去时）TheheadmasterwhoismakingaspeechnowisfromPekingUniversity.现在正在演讲的校长来自北京大学。(主句一般现在时，从句现在进行时)TheheadmasterwhowillmakeaspeechtomorrowisfromPekingUniversity.明天要来演讲的校长来自北京大学。（主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时）8.定语从句的主谓一致问题一般来说，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。所以一定要找准先行词，先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的形式。注意：先行词和引导词并不总是紧挨着，关系代词前面的词不一定是先行词。Dadcaresmuchaboutthepoorinthevillages______inneedoffoodandeducation.A.whichis B.whois C.whichare D.whoare【特殊情况】=1\*GB3①先行词是oneof+可数名词复数时，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。（此时真正的先行词是of后面的可数名词复数）Sheisoneofthegirlswholovedancing.她是热爱舞蹈的女孩其中之一。=2\*GB3②先行词是theonlyoneof+可数名词复数时，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。（此时真正的先行词是theonlyone，是单数）Heistheonlyoneoftheboysthatlikesplayingthedrums.他是男孩子里唯一一个喜欢敲鼓的。=3\*GB3③oneofwhich在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。（主语是one）Therearemanykindsofenergy,oneofwhichisoil.有许多种能源，其中之一是石油。Heisoneoftheboyswho________toBeijingbefore.A.hasbeen B.hasgone C.havebeen D.havegone考点精练考点精练中考语法—定语从句专项练习（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分）1.The

shop_____sells

flowers

is

at

the

end

of

the

street．A.who B.where C.whichD.what2.Abing'sErquanYingyueisapieceofmusic______hasbecomeoneofChina'snationaltreasures.A.who B.which C.whoseD.how3.—ASpringMorningismyfavoritepoem_______hasbeautifulwords.—I'mfondofit,too.A.who B.which C.whomD.where4.PeppaPig（《小猪佩奇》）isaBritishcartoon________hasbeenpopularinChinaandismuchlovedbylittlechildrenandtheirparents．A.who B.which C./D.where5.HappyCampisanentertainmentprogram______isveryhotamongtheyoungpeople.A.who B./ C.whichD.where6.Ablog(博客)isconsideredasaninvention________canexpressyourownideasandfeelingsfreely.It’stheroomtocommunicatewithotherpeopleonline.A.that B.who C.whereD.how7.—Doyouknowtheboy______istalkingtoMr.Zhang?—Yes.Heisourmonitor.A.which B.who C.whose D.whom8.Iprefermovies______mesomethingtothinkabout.A.whichgives B.thatgives C.thatgive D.whogive9.Themovie______wesawlastnightwasfantastic.A.that B.what C.whose D.who10.—Whichsongdoyoulikebetter,Lucy?—IpreferthesongLittleApple

______canattractmanypeople.A.which B.who C.whom D.where11."Underground"istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage

beginsandendswiththeletters"und".A.what B.that C.who D.whom12.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikemovies______scarymonsters.A.whichhas B.thathave C.whathas D.whyhave13.—Doyouknowtheman______T-shirtisblue?—Yes,Ido.HeismyChineseteacher,Mr.Smith.A.who B.that C.whose D.which14.Wedon'tlikepeople______talktoomuchbutneverdoanything.A.whose B.who C.when D.which15.Teenagers

like

reading

the

books

________

are

written

by

Guo

Jingming.A.who B.what C.whose D.that16.WhensomeChinesewomenweredancingtoloudmusicinaparkinNewYork,thepeople______livednearbycalledthepolice.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which17.—Haveyoufoundtheinformationaboutfamousscientists______youcanuseforthereport?—Notyet.I'llsearchsomeontheInternet.A.where B.which C.what D.who18.-I'mlookingfortheCDaboutEXO_____Iboughtyesterday．A.that B.who C.whose D.when19.-Whichisyournewneighbour，LiuHua？-Theman_______T-shirtisred．A.that B.who C.which D.whose20.Thebookisaboutatruestory________happenedinmyhometown．A.which B.who C.whom D.whose21.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace

I'veevervisited．A.that B.whom C.where D.who22.Helikeslow-carbonlife．Helivesinthehouse________hebuilthimselfoutoftrash．A.where B.what C.which D.in

which23.Sandylikestheactors______arepopularamongteenagers．A.who B.which C.whomD.why24.Thewomanisthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.which B.who C.whom D.what25.I'llneverforgetthelesson______lastyear．A.that

I

learn B.that

I

learned C.what

I

learn D.what

I

learned26.Whentimesbecomedifficult，rememberamomentinyourlife_______wasfilledwithjoyandhappiness．A.what B.when C.that D.where27.Thephoto______takenbymybrotherlastweekisverynice.A.whichwere B.thatis C.thatwere D.whichwas28.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Iprefermovies______givemesomethingtothinkabout.A.which B.who C.what D.when29.Confuciuswasa

famousphilosopher（哲学家）______hasinfluencedtheworldgreatly.A.whose B.whom C.which D.who30.—Isthereanyonehere__________nameisBetty?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose31.—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?—Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary________Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.A.which B.that C.where D.when32.I

can't

remember

the

place

I

lived

many

years

ago．A.that B.which C.where D./33.Being

blind

is

something

_______most

people

can't

imagine．A.不填 B.what C.who D.which34.Iwillneverforgetthepeople______helpedmealotduringmyhardtime.A.which B.who C.whose D.whom35.ChakaSaltLake______isknownasMirroroftheSkyinterestsmoreandmoretourists.A.where B.which C.whoD.what36.Iwillremembertheimportantpeopleinmylife______helpedandsupportedme.A.who B.which C.what D.how37.Iprefermusic______hasgreatlyrics.A.who B.whose C.that D./38.—HaveyouseenthefilmTheWanderingEarth？—Yes.It'sthebestone______Ihaveeverseen.A.that B.which C.what D.it39.Wouldyoupleasetellmeabouttheplan______youmade______youleave?A.who;

after B.what;

when C.which;

while D.that;

before40.—Doyouknowtheman______spokeatthemeetingjustnow?—No,Idon'tknow.A.what B.who C.which D.whose41.Dr.ZhongNanshanisapioneer

hasmadealotofcontributions（贡献）inthefieldofmedicalscience.A.which B.who C.whose D.what42.Thepolicemanhascaughtthethief______stoleMr.Li'swallet.A.whose B.who C.whom D.which43.Everything______youlearnbecomesapartofyouandchangesyou,solea