英汉 汉英笔译（22师范）23-24下学习通超星期末考试答案章节答案2024年

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答案:1-5GANHD

6-10

IEKBJAlexanderF.Tytler,a

famousBritishtranslationtheorist,putforwardhis

“ThreePrinciplesofTranslation”,which

isregarded

astheclassicaltranslationcriteriainthewesternworld:(i)Thetranslationshouldgivea(1)___________transcriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.(ii)Thestyleandmannerofwritinginthetranslationshouldbeofthesame（2）___________withthatoftheoriginal.(iii)Thetranslationshouldhaveallthe(3)_________oftheoriginalcomposition.

答案:complete;character;easeTranslationmaybedefinedasthe(1)_____________

oftextualmaterialinonelanguage(thesourcelanguage)byequivalent

textualmaterialinanotherlanguage(thetargetlanguage).

答案:replacement;reproductionEnglishgenerallyusessubstitutestoavoidrepetition,whileCoftenrepeatsthesamewordsorclausessubstituted.Thisdifferencerequiresusingthetranslationskillof

(1)__________inE-Ctranslation,inwhichthesubstitutedword(s)is/aresupplied.

答案:addition;amplication;repetitionTranslationisaprocesswherethetranslatoroftenexperiences

twomajorstages,thefirstofwhich

isthestageof(1)____________,andthesecondisthestageof(2)____________.

Theformer

isofthefirstpriority,forwithout

anaccurateunderstandingofthesourcetextmessage,

it’simpossibletoachieveequivalentreproduction,andwhat’sworse,itoftenleadstomistranslation.

答案:comprehension;understanding;representationTheessenceoftranslationis

perhapsbest

summedupbyEugeneNida,whosaid,

“Translatingmeanstranslating(1)__________.”

答案:meaning;meaningsEvenuptothisdate,

YanFu’s

TriplePrincipleofTranslation,ie.(1)_____________,(2)____________andelegance,isstillcherishedasthegoldenruleintheChinesetranslationcircle.

答案:faithfulness;loyalty;expressiveness;smoothnessModernEnglishhasbecomeanalyticbutstillfrequentlyusessomehereditaryinflectionsfromOldEnglish(asyntheticlanguage).Itis,therefore,a

(1)__________

ofsyntheticandanalytic

language.However,Chineseisatypical(2)_____________

language.

答案:combination;analytic;analyticalFourmethodsarecommonlyusedtodealwiththetranslationofwordsofsemanticzero.Theyare:(1)__________,

literaltranslation,

freetranslationand(2)_________translation.

答案:transliteration;annotatedAccordingtotheculturalviewsontranslation,

“Fortrulysuccessfultranslating,

(1)____________

isevenmore

importantthan

bilingualism,sincewordsonlyhavemeaningsin

termsoftheculturesinwhichtheyfunction”.

答案:biculturalism;bi-culturalismForeignizationanddomesticationaretwo(1)_________

translationstrategies.

Foreignization

isastrategy

inwhicha

targettext

isproducedwhichdeliberatelybreakstarget(2)__________by

retaining

somethingofthe

(3)______________oftheoriginal.

Theessenceofforeignizationissource-cultureoriented.

Domestication

isastrategy

inwhich

a

transparent,fluentstyleisadoptedinorderto

(4)____________

the

strangeness

oftheforeigntextfor

targetlanguage

readers.Theessenceofdomesticationistarget-cultureoriented.

答案:cultural;conventions;foreignness;strangeness;minimizeThedifferencebetweentranslationstrategiesandmethodsisthatwhileliteraltranslationandfreetranslationmainlydealwithlinguistic

(1)_______________,foreignizingtranslationanddomesticatingtranslationareconcernedmorewith

(2)______________,linguisticandaestheticconsiderations.

答案:reproduction;culturalEnglishisfeaturedbyits(1)_____________ofnounsoververbs.Hencenominalization,whichoftenresultsinabstraction,isacommonoccurrenceinEnglish.OnedifferencebetweenEnglishandChineseisthatEnglishpreferstouse(2)________wordswhileChinesespecificwords.Asaresult,thetranslationskillsofabstractionand(3)____________aresometimesneededtonarrowthisdifferenceintranslation.

答案:predominance;abstract;specificationWhatliteraltranslationandfreetranslationhaveincommonisthatbothviewthetransferoftheoriginal(1)________asthefirstandtheforemosttask,whiletheirdifferenceliesintherankoftheorderofmeaning,formandsmoothness.Whentheyarenotsimultaneouslyattainable,accordingtotheorderoftheirsignificance,infreetranslation,(2)_______canbesacrificedforthesakeofpreservingtheothertwo.

答案:meaning;formFunctional

Equivalenceputforwardby(1)____________isthemostinfluentialtranslationtheory.

Thisapproachenablesthetranslatortocapturethemeaningandspiritoftheoriginallanguagetextwithoutbeingboundtoits

linguistic

structure.Inessence,functionalequivalenceseekstocreateatranslationthatcaneffectivelyservethesame(2)__________

forthetargetaudienceastheoriginaldidforthesourceaudience.

答案:Nida;EugeneNida;purpose;function;purposes;functionsEnglishmakesmoreuseofnouns,adjectives,andprepositions,andis,therefore,more

(1)__________.Conversely,Chineseoftenemploysverbs,adverbs,verbalphrases,repetitionandreduplicationofverbs,andis,

therefore,

moredynamic.

Thisdifferencerequirestranslatorstoemploytheskillof(2)____________ofwordclassesintranslation,andtheturningoftheEnglishnounsintoChinese(3)_________isthemostfrequentlyusedconversion.

答案:static;conversion;verbsTranslationisademandingprofession.Tobeaqualifiedtranslator,oneshouldatleastbe(1)_________,

thatis,tohaveanexcellentcommandofthetwolanguages.Besides,onealsoneedstobebicultural,sinceintheculturalapproach,translationisregardednotonlyasa

(2)__________

oflinguisticsigns,butalsoasacommunicationofcultures,i.e.translationisan

“intercultural

communication”.

答案:bilingual;bi-lingual;transfer;reproduction;replacementThemostsignificantdifferenceinlinguisticsbetweenEnglishandChineseisthedifferencebetweenhypotaxisandparataxis.Englishsentencebuildingisfeaturedby(1)_______________,which

isthedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclauseswith

(2)____________

.Chinesesentencebuildingisfeaturedby(3)_______________,which

isthearrangingofclausesoneaftertheother

without

connectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem.

Dueto

thisdifference,thetranslationskillof(4)___________isoftenusedinE-Ctranslationwherethecohesivetiessuchasconnectives,relatives,articles,pronounsandprepositionsneedtobeomitted,andtheskillofadditioninC-Etranslation,wherethecohesivetiesneedtobeadded.

答案:hypotaxis;connectives;parataxis;omissionInthecontroversyoverliteraltrandfreetr,thegeneralprinciplethetranslatoroftenabidesbyis

totranslate(1)__________whereverpossible

andto

translatefreely

wheneverliteraltranslationisnotagoodchoice.

答案:literallyFillineachblankwithONE

properword:(2×50=100)Translatingconsistsin

reproducing

inthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnatural

(1)______________

ofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsof

meaning

andsecondlyintermsof

style.

答案:equivalentThetwomajortranslationmethodsare(1)____________translation,alsocalled

(2)_________translation,and(3)__________translation,alsoknownassense-for-sensetranslation.

Translationpracticehasproventhatthesetwotranslationmethodsarenotcontradictorybut(4)____________.

答案:literal;word-for-word;free;liberal;complementaryEnglishsentencestructureappears(1)_________,forithasbecomeaninvariablecustomtohaveasubjectbeforeaverb.Thesubject(S)mustagreewiththepredicateverb(V)inperson

and

number,etc.This

rigid

S-V

concord

formsthekernelof

anEnglish

sentence.

Chinese,however,isrelativelyfreefromthegovernmentofS-Vconcordandformalmarkers,andisfeaturedbyamorecomplicatedandsupplersentencestructure.

Duetothis

difference,

thefirststepinChinese-English

translationis

to

decidewhat

the

(2)_________

is,

andthenwhat

thepredicateverbis.

答案:rigid;subjectWithplentyofsubordinateclausesandphrases,EnglishhascomparativelylongerandmorecomplicatedsentencesthanChinese,whichontheotherhand,ismarkedbyitscoordination,looseorminorsentences.T