全新版大学英语综合教程第四册-Unit

全新版大学英语综合教程第四册Unit1ThePeninsularWarBR3-world-3-1ABriefIntroductiontoAdolfHitlerII■BR3-world-6JosephStalinII■BR3-world-2II■BR4-MAP-1.2Napoleon’sRussianCampaign1)Findthefollowingplacenames:Moscow,Borodino,andNemanRiver.2)WhathappenedinBorodinoBR4-MAP-1.3Hitler’sRussianCampaign1)WhendidtheHitler’sRussianCampaignhappen2)HowlongwasLeningradbeingbesiegedGR-textPartDivisionoftheTextParts

para.

MainIdeas

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1~23~1112~20Introduction--BothNapoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.Napoleon’smilitarycampaignagainstRussia.

Hitler’smilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion.globalreading4

21Conclusion--Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.

Theweatherisnotsogoodasthefavorableterrain,thefavorableterrainisnotsogoodasthesupportofthepeople. ManproposesandGoddisposes. Thesupremeartofwaristosubduetheenemywithoutfighting.

Pre-reading:quotationsPridecomesbeforeafall.Necessitycomesbeforeinvention/innovation.Sweatcomesbeforefruit.Failurecomesbeforesuccess.Willcomesbeforeway.

Para.1

IntensiveStudy-para1

Para.2

IntensiveStudy-para.2Findonephraseinpara.2meaningstartingawarLaunchanattackagainstWhatfatedidNapoleonandHitlershareMilitaryfailure/waterlooIntensiveStudy-para1-2WhatisthereasonforNapoleon’sdefeatUnpreparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow—rawRussianwinterTranslatethefollowingsentence:Asthesayinggoes:Knowyourselfandknowyourenemy,victoryisassured.

IntensiveStudy-para1-2Hewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceof…Hewaspreparedfor…ButhewasnotpreparedforHe__________________thattheywouldencounterfierceresistanceIntensiveStudy-para1-2anticipatedQuestion:HowisHitler’sarmyVerypowerfulIntensiveStudy-para2HowdoyouknowthatFindthewordstoproveit.UnequalledUnrivalled,incomparablemowdownMowthelawnIntensiveStudy-para2Mowdown:defeat,destroyHistroopshad__________________anyattempt/efforttochecktheadvanceofthemMarchedintotheterritorywithoverwhelmingforcecrashed/destroyedWhatisthereasonforHitler’sdefeatTheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.BothNapoleonandHitlerencounteredtheirwaterlooinRussiaIntensiveStudy-para1-2Theriseininterestratewillbedisastrousinthecaseofsmallfirms.Inthecaseofasfaras…isconcerned

Inthecaseofahighlyintelligentanimalliketheseal,elementarytrainingiseasy.Nowyoutry:就海豹那样智商较高的动物而言,初级培训是很简单的。

2.Thiscuttingboardisonlyusedtocutrawmeat.3.Industrialplantsprocessedtherawmaterialintofinishedproductsforexportandfordomesticconsumption.Rawcoldandwet;notcooked,refined,processed,organizedoranalyzed(L5)Howwouldyoulikethesteak

Raw

Blue-rare

Rare(52℃)

Medium-rare(55℃)

Medium(60℃)

Medium-well(65℃)

WellDone(71℃)1.TheeventstookplaceonarawFebruarymorning.

Beginningintheearly1960s,humanslaunchedprobestoexploreotherplanets.2.Launchacampaign/movement3.launchaship/anartificialsatellite/launchone'ssonintotheworld/anewenterprise/anewbrand(Procter&Gamble)Launch:start;sendonitscourse(L7)Nowyoutranslate:Article1_w_popwin_launched-2Helaunchedintoalongspeechaboutthedangerofgambling.他开始作关于赌博危险性的长篇演说。Shewantstobemorethanasingerandislaunchingoutintofilms.她不仅仅是想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。launchanattack发动进攻launchamassivecampaign发动一场大规模的运动launchacompany开一家公司launchthreatsatsb. 向某人发出威胁launchinto（积极有力地）开始launchout（精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始

Para.3IntensiveStudyHowdidNapoleonfeelaboutthecampaignConfidentofaquickvictory.WhydidhethinksoHissoldierswerewelltrained,efficient,andwellequipped.IntensiveStudy-para3PredictedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeksanticipated,expectedPredict:predict(prewar,preschool,previewpreface)dict:dictationdictatorforetellforecastIntensiveStudy-para3

Para.4

IntensiveStudyHowdidthecampaignturnedoutThequick,decisivevictorythatNapoleonexpectedneverhappened.(para.4)MakeasentencewiththeabovestructureIntensiveStudy-para4TheGrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecameboggeddownbyslow-movingsupplylines.Translate大军____________，但它的______________很快由于_______________而停顿下来。紧追不舍长驱直入粮草运输缓慢IntensiveStudy-para4

Para.5

IntensiveStudyHewasnowfacedwithacrucialdecisionHewasconfrontedwithanimportantdecisionIntensiveStudy-para5Ongraduation,everyundergraduatewillbefacedwithacrucialdecision:whethertofindajobortopursuefurtherstudies.

Iwasfacedwithacrucialdecision:shouldIbeasmallfishinabigpondOrabigfishinasmallpond

Para.6

IntensiveStudyWhatdecisiondidNapoleonmakeNapoleontookthegambleof

pressingonIntensiveStudy-para6tooktherisksofpursuingtheenemyinspiteofdifficulties

IntensiveStudyNapoleonhadaclearpathtoMoscowNapoleonenteredMoscowwithoutany__________________IntensiveStudy-para7barrier/resistanceAragingfire;aragingstorm

Para.9IntensiveStudyWhydidtheFrenchretreatturnintoanightmare1.attackbytheRussians:

LifeanddeathstruggleIntensiveStudy-para92.freezingtemperature3.snowIntensiveStudy-para9drag:heavysteps

e.g.dragone’sstepsbackhomeCf.goon,pressonPara.10IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy-para10Swollenriver:

Para.11

IntensiveStudyPartTwo(Paras3~11)Summary:

NapoleonfailedinhisattempttoconquerRussia,partlydueto/becauseof________________________________________________,togetherwiththeRussians’______________________________accountedforNapoleon’sdefeat.theraw,bitter,bleakwinterofRussiaTerribleweatherconditionsdeterminationtodefendthehomeland/tactics1.Theyear1939hadwitnessedtheconquestofPolandbyGermany.2.Thepianistmadeaconquestofeveryaudienceforwhichsheplayed.conquest:theactionoftakingcontrolof…byforce(L16)Theywona__________inbattle.Theysucceededinthe_______________ofthatcity.Theyreturnedhomein___________victoryconquesttriumphvictoryconquesttriumphvictory指“在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜”,并有“击败对方或敌人”的含义;conquest指“征服某国或某民族,从而使之处于被支配地位的胜利或战胜”;triumph指“辉煌或彻底的胜利或成功”.Afterafiercebattle,thetroopsretreatedsouthward.2.Weadoptedthefollowingstrategies:whentheenemyadvances,weretreat;whentheyretreat,wepursue.retreatmovebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficulty(L20)Ant.advance

Thelocalgovernmentgotboggeddowninproblemsofhowtohandletheemissionofhazardouschemicalsbyindustrialfacilities.be/getboggeddownbeunabletomakeprogress(L22)Nowyoutry:1.Amazingly,oursoccerteamwonthevictoryinthecrucialfinalgame.2.Improvedconsumerconfidenceiscrucialtoeconomicrecovery.Syn.vital,essential,critical,decisivecrucialveryimportant(followedbyto)(L27)Nowyoutry:1.Ourschoolauthoritiesarekeentopressonwitheducationalreform.2.Organizersofthestrikearedeterminedtopresson.Cf.dragonpresson/aheadcontinuedoingsth.inadeterminedway(L30)Nowyoutry:1.Hispoliticalrivalsarebidingtheirtimeforanattackonhispolicies.2.Ourneighborseemstobedoingnothing,butinfacthe'sjustbidinghistime.bideone’stimewaitpatientlyforachance(L39)Nowyoutry:Thesecompensationcaseshavealreadydraggedonforoneyear.HowmuchlongeristhemeetinggoingtodragonThetimedraggedaswewaiteddragonmoveslowlyandwitheffort;continueendlesslyandtediously(L50)..

1.Itwasastrokeofluckthattheairattendantmissedtheplane.byastrokeofluckluckily1.BermansavedJohnsonatthecostofhisownlife.2.Thelocalgovernmentdevelopeditseconomybutatthecostoftheenvironment.3.Heworkedhardatthecostofhishealth.atthecostofwiththelossof(L55)Para.12IntensiveStudyHowdidHitlerstartthewarBegananinvasionwithoutadeclarationofwarHowdidHitlerexpectthewarConfidentofaquickvictoryWhatwasHitler’stacticsBlitzkrieg,lightningwarWhatwerethethreetargetsofHitlerLeningrad,MoscowandUkraineIntensiveStudy-para12

Para.13IntensiveStudyDidHitler’s“lightningwar”tacticsworkYes,theRussianswerecaughtoffguard.betakenbysurpriseWhatwastheRussiantacticsinresponse“Scorchtheearth”HowtoscorchtheearthBurned,destroyed,rendereduselessIntensiveStudy-para13scorchtheearthBurned,destroyed,rendereduselessIntensiveStudy-para13IntensiveStudy-para13ThebodyguardwascaughtoffguardwhenacrazyfemalefanpushedherwayamidthecrowdofreporterstowardBeckhamaskingforasignaturefromhim.caughtoffguard:takencompletelybysurprise小贝意外遭遇疯狂女球迷保镖有些措手不及

Para.14IntensiveStudyWhatisthesituationinLeningraddesperate1.Foodshortage2.starvationofonemillionpeopleIntensiveStudy-para14BR3-world-5.1StalingradII■St.Petersburg(Stalingrad)

Para.15IntensiveStudy

Para.16IntensiveStudyWhatwasthesituationinMoscow1.TheGermanarmywas___________by______________________.2.Thenitsmovementwas______________________IntensiveStudy-para15sloweddowngeneralmudbroughttoahalt

Para.17IntensiveStudy

Para.18IntensiveStudyWhatwasthesituationinStalingradTheGermanvictorywasoverin___________partlyowingto______________________.IntensiveStudy-para15StalingradtheRussianwinter

Para.19IntensiveStudy

Para.20IntensiveStudy

Para.21IntensiveStudyGR-Part1-Q3Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.IntensiveStudy-para21WhatconclusiondoestheauthordrawfromNapoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaigns1.OnHitler’sorders,theinvasionofPolandbeganonSeptember1,1939. invadesb.'srights abodyinvadedbydisease amindinvadedbyworryandanxiety Thetownwasinvadedbyacrowdoftourists..invasionanenteringorbeingenteredbyanattackingmilitaryforce(L63).Nowyoutry:.

1.Theinvitationtohisweddingcaughtmeoffguard.2.Themanagerdidn’tknowwhattosay.Itwasclearthatmyquestionhadcaughthimoffguard.catchsb.offguardtakesb.bysurprise(L71)Nowyoutry:Thedrugwillrenderthetigerharmlessforuptotwohours.Thenewsrenderedherspeechless.Hewasrenderedunconsciousbyablowonthebackoftheneck.render

cause(sb.\sth)tobeinaspecifiedcondition(L73)Hundredsofpeoplewererenderedhomelessbytheearthquake.Nowyoutry:地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。

TheRedArmybroughtitswinteroffensivetoasuccessfulconclusion.anoffensiveodor(anastysmell

)/gesture/weapon.anoffensiveremark(disgustinglanguage)offensive:aggressiveaction,attack(L91/92).Nowyoutry:.

1.Doyoustillreckonhimamongyourfriends2.Manypeoplereckonhimtobeagreatbasketballplayer.3.reckonsth.in(countsth.in)4.reckononsb.'shelp(relyon)reckoncount;consider;think(L114)Alltheseproblemshadtobereckonedwithastheyarose.bereckonedwith:betakenintoconsideration1.Thedeathtollrosefrom270in1952to5,000in1954.2.Eachcarmustpayatolltocrossthebridge.toll(1)thenumberofpeopleoranimalskilledorinjuredinparticularcircumstances(L116)2)moneypaidfortheuseofabridge,road,etc.TheStructureoftheText

TopicExplanation-----------------------------------------------Reasons

EvidenceExamplesExperiment

StoriesComments1.骄兵必败 pridecomesbeforeafall2.战无不胜nothingcouldstandintheirway3.奋勇抵抗fierceresistance4.堪称无敌beunequaled5.痛苦的教训 apainfullesson6.

速决速胜aquick,decisivevictoryAfterreading-expressions

7.面临着一个重要抉择befacedwithacrucialdecision

8.孤注一掷takethegamble

9.激战fiercebattle10.

等待时机 bideone’stime12.成为一场噩梦turnintoanightmare11.向…提出停战offeratrucetoAfterreading-expressions13.拖着脚步行进 dragon14.溃不成军的幸存者

thetatteredsurvivors15.

不宣而战withoutadeclarationofwar16.闪电式战略

lightningwar17.“焦土”政策“scorchtheearth”policy

18.处境变得危急thesituationbecomesdesperate19.食品匮乏 foodrunsoutAfterreading-expressionsAfter-1.useful-420.越来越接近drawcloserandcloserto21.发动反攻 launchacounterattack22.形势对…不利turnthetideagainst23.对…的突袭asurpriseattackonAfterreading-expressionsAfter-3.blank

BlankFilling

Fillineachblankinthefollowingparagraphwiththeappropriatewordsandphrasesfromthetext.WhenHitlerdecidedtolaunchhisofRussia,hethoughtthatnothingcouldofhisarmies.,itseemed,wasinevitable.Hehadsurpriseonhisside,Stalinbyhisattackwithoutaofwar.Hitlerexpectedthetolastonlyafewmonths.Intheevent,itwastoformuchlonger.LikeNapoleonbeforehim,hehadmadeafatalmistakeinfailingtotheseverityoftheRussianweather.ManyGermansoldiersweretothecoldaswintersetin,_________theGermanadvance___________．invasion______________standintheway________Conquestcatchingoffhisguardlaunching________declaration_________campaign_________dragon_________reckonwithdiefrom_______bringing________________________to

ahaltPart2:CompareandContrastSoil:thetoplayeroftheearthinwhichplantsgrow;onBritishsoil\Frenchsoil:inBritain,inFrancesb’snativesoil=sb’sowncountryEarth:theworldthatwelivein,substancethatplantsgrowin,thehardsurfaceoftheworld,asopposedtoseawhat\why\howonearth:usedwhenyouareaskingaquestionaboutsththatyouareverysurprisedorannoyedaboutPart2:CompareandContrast2.Campaign:aseriesofactionsintendedtoachieveparticularresult,especiallyinpoliticsorbusiness;aseriesofbattles,attacksintendedtoachieveparticularresultinawar.

Battle:afightbetweenopposingarmies,groupsofshipsetc,especiallyonethatispartofalargerwar;asituationinwhichopposinggroupsorpeoplecompeteorarguewitheachotherwhentryingtoachievesuccessorcontrolPart2:CompareandContrast3.Decisive:anaction,eventetcthathasapowerfuleffectonthefinalresultofsomething;leadingtoaclearresultandendingdoubt;tobeoneofthemostimportantcausesofsth;definiteandnotabletobedoubted.

Crucial:somethingthatiscrucialisextremelyimportantbecauseeverythingelsedependsonitPart2:CompareandContrast4.Stick:=push,ifapointedobjectsticksintosthoryoustickitintosthitispushedintoit;=fix,tofixsthtosth-elsewithastickysubstance,ortobecomefixedtoasurface=difficulttomove,ifsthsticksitbecomesfixedinonepositionsothatisisdifficulttomove

Bog:tobecometooinvolvedinthinkingaboutordealingwithoneparticularthing;tobecomestuckinmuddygroundandbeunabletomovePart2:CompareandContrast5.Assault:thecrimeofattackingsomeone;amilitaryattacktotakecontrolofaplacecontrolledbytheenemy;anattempttoachievesthdifficult,especiallyusingphysicalforce.

Attack:anactofdeliberatelyusingviolenceagainstsomeone;theactofusingweaponsagainstanenemyinawar;astatementthatcriticizessomeonestrongly.Part2:CompareandContrast6.Flee:toleavesomewhereveryquicklyinordertoescapefromdanger;e.g.Wewereforcedtofleethecountry.

Retreat:towalkbackandawayfromsomeoneorsthbecauseyouareafraidorembarrassed;tomoveawayfromtheenemyafterbeingdefeatedinbattle;togoawaytoaplacethatisquietorsafe;tochangeyourmindaboutapromiseyouhavemadebecausethesituationhasbecometoodifficult.FurtherDiscussionExercisestoPassageASummaryoftheTextAfter-readingActivities1.c attract,givepleasureto2.h agreementinfeelingoropinion3.c eatordrink;useup4.i unbelievable,great5.g responsibleforacrime6.i amountoftimebetweentwoevents7.d aroughoutlineorversion8.d addinordertomakemoreattractive9.r criticizeforfailingtodosth.AR-3-1WordCompletionarmonyonsumencredibleuiltyntervalraftecorateeproachharm1.Thegoalistomakehighereducationavailabletoeveryonewhoiswillingandcapable______hisfinancialsituation.

withrespectto B.inaccordwithC.regardlessof D.intermsof Dpractice2.Themoreanation’scompany______factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry’srecordedexportswillbe.lie B.locateC.spot D.standBpractice3.Wearequitesurethatwecan______ourpresentdifficultyandfinishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.getaway B.getacrossC.getoff D.getoverDpractice4.There’sthelivingroomstilltobe_____sothat’smynextproject.decorated B.assessedC.dissolved D.abandonedApractice5.Itmaybenecessarytostop________inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.Atease B.atlengthC.Atintervals D.atadistanceCpractice6.Mostlabandfieldstudiesofhumanbehavior____takingasituationalphotographatagiventimeandinagivenplace.attach B.composeC.involve D.encloseCpractice7.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary

________toomuchworklastweek.takeaway B.takeoutC.Taketo D.takeonDpracticePost-readingactivitiesPart3:TranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesgivenbelow:casualtydecisiveoffensivebefacedwithengagelaunchtakeagamblepressonstrokegetboggeddownthankstominusinstructatthecostofturnthetidecatchoffguardPost-readingactivities

原文：攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。我们在前线与敌人交战的部队遇到了强力的抵抗。师长命令我们营绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。我们在夜幕掩盖下出发，不顾困难，奋勇向前。幸运的是，夜间温度突然下降到摄氏零下20度，烂泥地都结上了冰。由于这寒冷的天气，我们于天亮前到达并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。Post-readingactivitiesKeyofTranslationTheoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwehadnotgainedmuchground.Ourtroopsengagingtheenemyatthefrontwerefacedwithstillresistance.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,however,wehadtocrossamarshlandandmanyofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattalioncommanderdecidedtotakeagamble.Westartedundercoverofdarknessandpressedoninspiteofgreatdifficulties.Byastrokeofluck,thetemperatureatnightsuddenlydroppedtominus20degreesCelsiusandPost-readingactivitiesthemarshfrozeover.Thankstothecoldweather,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.Hints:divisioncommander(师长)battalion(营)marshland(沼泽地)TextAnalysis

AComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions

InvadingcountryFranceGermanyCountryinvadedRussiaSovietUnionStarterofwarNapoleonHitlerStartingtimeofinvasionSpring,1812June22,1941Strengthofinvadingforce600,000thelargestlandcampaigninhistoryPredictionquickvictory,conquestofRussiain5weeksBlitzkrieg,lastingnolongerthan3monthsTextAnalysis

AComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions

InitialresistancestrategyCaptureoftheRussiancapitalMajorbattlesTruceofferrefusingtostandandfight;retreatingeastwards,burningcropsandhomes“scorchtheearth”,fiercefighttodefendmajorcitiesyesnoSmolensk,Borodino,theBerezinaRiverLeningrad,StalingradbyNapoleon,rejectedbytheCzarnoTextAnalysis

AComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasionsBiggestenemyfortheinvadingforceTurningpointFateoftheinvadingforceWar-starter’sfatesnow,freezingtemperatureheavyrain,“GeneralMud”,snow,freezingtemperatureOctober1812,whenNapoleonorderedaretreat1943,whentheSoviettroops