单元提升卷06 Unit 5 Languages Around the World(教师版) 2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷(新高考)_第1页
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单元提升卷06Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld单元基础知识巩固I.拓展词汇变形systemn.体系;制度;系统→systematicadj.系统的→systematicallyadv.系统地refervi.提到;参考;查阅vt.查询;叫……求助于→referencen.参考basevt.以……为据点;以……为基础n.底部;根据→basedadj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basicadj.基本的;基础的varietyn.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→varyvi.不同;变化→variousadj.不同的;各种各样的appreciatevt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会vi.增值→appreciationn.欣赏;感激;领会;重视regardn.尊重;关注vt.把……视为;看待→regardingprep.关于globaladj.全球的;全世界的→globallyadv.全球地;全世界地specificadj.特定的;明确的;具体的→specificallyadv.特定地;明确地;具体地majoradj.主要的;重要的;大的n.主修课程;主修学生vi.主修;专门研究→majorityn.多数;大多数relatevt.联系;讲述→relatedadj.相关的;有联系的→relationn.关系;联系symboln.符号;象征→symbolicadj.象征的;象征性的→symbolizevt.象征;是……的象征civilisationn.文明;文明世界→civilisedadj.文明的equaln.同等的人;相等物adj.相同的;同样的→eq\a\vs4\al(equally)adv.相同地;同样地→equalityn.平等demandn.要求;需求vt.强烈要求;需要vi.查问→demandingadj.要求高的;苛求的descriptionn.描写(文字);形容→describevt.描述;描写relatevt.联系;讲述→relatedadj.相关的;有联系的→relationn.关系;联系II.核心短语互译attitudetowards/to对……的态度referto指的是;描述;提到;查阅payattentionto注意dateback(to...)追溯到upsanddowns浮沉;兴衰;荣辱beknownfor因……著名beseen/regardedas被看作beofgreatimportance至关重要playagreatrolein在……中起重要作用leadto导致pointofview观点;看法getusedto适应;习惯于relateto与……相关;涉及;谈到giveup放弃havetroublewithsth.做某事有困难dependon取决于;依靠;依赖match...with...用……搭配……officiallanguage官方语言beconnectedwith与……有关atthebeginning一开始developinto发展成为globalaffairs全球事务nomatterwhere,who,what,etc.不论……;不管……beconsideredtobe被认为是berelatedto与……有关一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1.Dividethecakeintoquartersandshareit(equal).2.Whenwe’reonholidayinCanada,welivelikethe(native).3.ThebananaisnativeTaiwan.4.Lookingafterbabiesisa(demand)job.5.Theworkersdemanded(tell)whathadhappenedtothefactory.6.Noonewillappreciate(treat)likeasecond-classcitizen.7.Hebegged(tell)thetruth,buthismotherrefusedtotellhim.8.Theconflicthaddevelopedintoastagethetwocountriesweregatheringbigtroopsontheborder.9.Thecouplejustgetsregisteredatthegovernmentoffice.Marriage(regard)asacardinalissuesinceancienttimes.10.YoucanreferthisdictionaryifyouhaveanydifficultyinlearningEnglish.11.The(major)ofthemdemandthatfoodandwatershouldbesuppliedintime.12.Ourschoolwillorganizesomecampusactivities,like“EnglishEvening”,aplatformstudentscanshowtheirEnglish.13.“Spongesbecomebiggerandbiggerovertime;anotherfossilpiece(date)backtoaround300millionyearsagowasalsorecentlydiscoveredinIreland,forexample.14.A(beg)issomeonewholivesbyaskingpeopleformoneyorfood.15.Whathestressedwasrelatedteenagers’education.16.Thepositioncallsfor(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.17.Thearticlegivesadetailed(describe)ofthebeautyofMountTianshan.18.Trendstowardthe(global)ofindustryhavedramaticallyaffectedfoodproductioninCalifornia.19.Atthattime,people(carve)somesymbolsonanimalbonesandshells.20.Everymeans(have)beenusedtocalmthewomandown.21.Onthe(base)ofyourbasicknowledgeaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynasty,IthinkiteasierforyoutounderstandTangpoems.22.Itisapitythatsomepeoplecan’tgobackhomeattheSpringFestivalfor(vary)reasons.23.Theyhavedevelopedtheirfriendshiptoastagetheysharehappinessandsufferings.24.Nomatterweare,weareabletokeepincontactwithlovedoneswithallsortsofcommunicationsoftware.25.TheofthestudentslookforwardtoinEnglishbecauseEnglishcanfindajobeasily.(major)26.Iamsorrytohearthatyouhavetrouble(improve)yourEnglishatthenewschool.27.thefactthatshewaswearingaseatbelt,shewasthrownsharplyforward.28.In(refer)tothetopicwedebatedyesterday,itisnogoodsayingmore.29.Heopensadoorwhichourimaginationentersanewworld,aworldoflove,beautyandheroism.30.Bonessymbolswerecarved,knownas“oraclebones”,havecontributedalottoourunderstandingofChina’spast.1.equally【详解】考查副词。句意:把蛋糕分成四份,然后平均分享。设空处修饰动词share,故用副词equally“平等地,相等地”,作状语。故填equally。2.natives【详解】考查名词的数。句意:当我们在加拿大度假时,我们像当地人一样生活。此处使用名词native“本地人,当地人”,结合句意可知,当地人不止一个,应用名词复数形式,作like的宾语。故填natives。3.to【详解】考查介词。句意:香蕉原产于台湾。benativeto为固定搭配,表示“原产于……”。故填to。4.demanding【详解】考查形容词。句意:照看婴儿是一项要求很高的工作。空处修饰名词job,应用形容词demanding作定语,故填demanding。5.tobetold【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:工人们要求知道工厂发生了什么事。此处为固定搭配demandtodosth.“要求做某事”,不定式作宾语,主语Theworkers与动词tell之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,用不定式的被动语态tobedone。故填tobetold。6.beingtreated【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:没有人会喜欢被当作二等公民对待。句中appreciatedoing为固定短语,意为“感激做某事”,使用动名词作宾语,句中noone与treat之间是被动关系,故使用动名词的被动结构。故填beingtreated。7.tobetold【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他请求母亲告诉他实情,但他母亲拒绝告诉他。句中begtodo为固定短语,意为“乞求做某事”,使用不定式作宾语,此处he与tell之间是被动关系,故使用不定式的被动结构。故填tobetold。8.where【详解】考查定语从句。句意:冲突已经发展到两国在边境集结大量军队的阶段。空处引导定语从句,先行词astage,表示抽象地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where引导。故填where。9.hasbeenregarded【详解】考查动词时态和语态及主谓一致。句意:自古以来,婚姻就被视为头等大事。设空处作谓语,marriage与regard之间是被动关系,根据sinceancienttimes可知谓语要用现在完成时的被动语态,主语marriage是不可数名词,助动词用has。故填hasbeenregarded。10.to【详解】考查介词。句意:如果你在学习英语时遇到任何困难,可以参考这本词典。referto“参考,查阅”为固定搭配。故填to。11.majority【详解】考查名词。句意:他们中的大多数人要求及时供应食物和水。themajorityof为固定短语,意为“大多数…….”,此处需要名词,major的名词形式是majority,故填majority。12.where【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们学校将组织一些校园活动,比如“英语之夜”,一个学生可以展示英语的平台。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词aplatform,关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。13.dating【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,另一块可追溯到约3亿年前的化石碎片最近在爱尔兰被发现。句中wasdiscovered为谓语动词,设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,被修饰词anotherfossilpiece和动词date是主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。故填dating。14.beggar【详解】考查名词。句意:乞丐是靠向别人要钱或食物为生的人。空处需填名词beggar,作主语,不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填beggar。15.to【详解】考查介词。句意:他所强调的与青少年的教育有关。结合句意可知,此处应为固定短语berelatedto意为“与……有关”,所以此处使用介词to。故填to。16.related【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个职位要求有该领域的相关经验和良好的计算机使用技能。此空为形容词作定语修饰名词experience,relate的形容词为related意为“相关的”符合句意。故填related。17.description【详解】考查名词。句意:这篇文章详细地描述了天山的美丽。a后接名词单数description作宾语。故填description。18.globalization【详解】考查名词。句意:工业全球化的趋势极大地影响了加州的粮食生产。此空为名词作宾语,global的名词为globalization意为“全球化”,且为不可数名词。故填globalization。19.carved【详解】考查时态。句意:那时,人们在动物的骨头和贝壳上刻了一些符号。根据时间状语Atthattime可知,句子应用一般过去时,空处应用动词的过去式形式。故填carved。20.has【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:已用尽一切办法使那女人平静下来。此空为句子的谓语部分,结合句意以及提示词可知,此处应为现在完成时的被动语态,主语means意为“方式,方法”为单复数同形,every修饰means表示单数意义,所以谓语动词为单数形式。故填has。21.basis【详解】考查名词。句意:基于你对唐朝历史的基本了解,我认为你更容易理解唐诗。分析句子可知,设空处用作介词On的宾语,构成固定短语onthebasisof表示“基于”,故填basis。22.various【详解】考查形容词。句意:很遗憾有些人因为各种各样的原因不能在春节期间回家。根据空后名词“reasons”可知,空处应用vary的形容词形式various“各种各样的,不同的”,作定语修饰名词reasons。故填various。23.where【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他们的友谊已经到达了可以分享痛苦和幸福的阶段。此处引导定语从句,先行词为stage,在定语从句中作地点状语,故应用where引导,故填where。24.where【详解】考查状语从句。句意:无论我们在哪里,我们都可以通过各种通信软件与亲人保持联系。结合句意可知,此处指“无论我们在哪里”,使用nomatterwhere引导让步状语从句,故填where。25.majoritymajoringmajors【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意:大多数学生都希望主修英语,因为英语专业的学生很容易找到工作。分析句子结构可知,第一空为固定短语themajorityof意为“大多数……”所以第一空为major的名词majority;第二空为非谓语动词作宾语,根据lookforwardto中的to为介词可知,此处应为动名词形式作宾语,所以第二空应为majoring;第三空为名词作主语,结合句意可知,此处指的是“英语专业的学生”,分析句子结构可知,此处使用名词作主语,空前无限定词,所以使用名词复数形式majors表示泛指,意为“主修学生”,第三空应为majors。故填①majority;②majoring;③majors。26.improving【详解】考查动名词。句意:听说你在新学校很难提高英语水平,我感到很遗憾。havetroubledoingsth.是固定短语,意为“做某事有困难”,因此空格处用动名词improving作宾语,故填improving。27.Despite【详解】考查介词。句意:尽管她系了安全带,她还是被猛地向前甩了出去。结合句意可知,空处表示“尽管”,应用介词despite,名词fact作其宾语;位于句首,首字母大写。故填Despite。28.reference【详解】考查名词。句意:关于我们昨天辩论的话题,再多说也没用。根据句意可知,此处使用名词reference,作宾语,构查固定搭配inreferenceto“关于……”。故填reference。29.through【详解】考查介词。句意:他打开了一扇门,通过这扇门,我们的想象力进入了一个新世界,一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的世界。分析句子可知,此处用“介词+关系词”引导定语从句,“通过”使用介词through,先行词是door,关系词在从句中作介词through的宾语。故填through。30.where【详解】考查定语从句。句意:雕刻符号的骨头,被称为“甲骨”,为我们理解中国的过去做出了很大贡献。分析句子结构,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词Bones,指物,且从句中缺少地点状语,所以应用关系副词where。故填where。二、单词拼写31.Shepromisedtohelpmemoveintomynew(公寓套房)ontheweekend.32.Wouldyouliketotakethe(地铁)togetthere?33.Itwaslast(学期)thatIbegantoappreciateclassicworks.34.Ihavegivenaspecific(描述)ofthesymbolscarvedonthebone.35.Whatyousaidwascompletelyuntrue,andI(要求)animmediateapology.36.Forthisreason,learningFrenchisn’ta(费力的事)formeatall.37.Theactivitynotonlystrengthenedtheirfriendshipbutalsobuiltuptheir(性格).38.(尽管)theheavyrain,theywentonworkinghard.39.Itriedevery(方法)togetchildreninterestedinmyclass.40.Shemadea(n)(提及)toherpreviousexperienceintheindustryduringtheinterview.41.This(全球的)siteisaplaceforrunnerstosharetheirstoriesaboutrunning.42.Iwould(感激)itifyoucouldpayincash.43.Chinaisacountrywithalong(文明)of5000years.44.Thisculturalprogrammeisaimedtoencourageteenagerstoreadmore(经典作品).45.Notonlydidtheraceimproveourphysicalandpsychologicalquality,butitalsohelpedusbuildapositive(态度)towardslife.31.apartment【详解】考查名词。句意:她答应周末帮我搬进新公寓。设空处使用名词作宾语,表示“公寓套房”用apartment。故填apartment。32.subway【详解】考查名词。句意:你想坐地铁去那里吗?设空处使用名词作宾语,表示“地铁”用subway。故填subway。33.semester【详解】考查名词。句意:我是在上学期开始欣赏经典作品的。此处应填名词,根据词义“学期”可知,为semester,lastsemester:上学期,它是原句中的时间状语,作为强调句的被强调部分,故填semester。34.description【详解】考查名词。句意:我对骨头上雕刻的符号做了具体的描述。此处使用名词作宾语,根据词义“描述”可知,为description,它前面有a修饰,故填description。35.demand【详解】考查动词时态。句意:你所说的完全不是事实,我要求你立即道歉。根据汉语提示“要求”可知,此处为动词demand,陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为I,谓语动词用原形。故填demand。36.struggle【详解】考查名词。句意:因此,学习法语对我来说一点也不困难。根据汉语提示“费力的事”,以及句子结构可知,此处需要名词struggle充当表语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,应使用单数形式。故填struggle。37.characters【详解】考查名词。句意:该活动不仅加强了他们的友谊,还塑造了他们的性格。根据句意及汉语提示可知,空处应填可数名词character“性格”作宾语,前面有their修饰,用复数形式。故填characters。38.Despite【详解】考查介词。句意:尽管下着大雨,他们还是继续努力工作。此处应填介词,根据词义“尽管”可知,为despite,首字母大写,故填Despite。39.means【详解】考查名词。句意:我想尽一切办法让孩子们对我的课感兴趣。根据汉语提示“方法”可知,此处为名词means,作宾语,由every可知,应用单数,means单复数同形。故填means。40.reference【详解】考查名词。句意:她在面试中提到了她以前在这个行业的经验。汉语提示“提及”为reference,作宾语。根据a可知,用单数形式。故填reference。41.global【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个全球网站是跑步者分享他们跑步故事的地方。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词global,作定语修饰名词site。故填global。42.appreciate【详解】考查动词。句意:如果你能付现金,我会很感激的。根据汉语提示“感激”可知,此处为动词appreciate,位于情态动词would后面,使用动词原形。故填appreciate。43.civilisation/civilization【详解】考查名词。句意:中国是一个有着5000年悠久文明史的国家。根据汉语提示可知,空格处需要填入文明,civilisation或者civilization意为“文明”;空格前有a,所以用单数。故填civilisation或者civilization。44.classics【详解】考查名词。句意:这个文化节目的目的是鼓励青少年多读名著。根据汉语提示“经典作品”可知,空处需填名词classic,作宾语,more后面接可数名词复数形式。故填classics。45.attitude【详解】考查名词。句意:比赛不仅提高了我们的身体和心理素质,还帮助我们建立了积极的生活态度。根据汉语提示可知,attitude“态度”,可数名词,由空前的a可知应用名词单数,作动词build的宾语,故填attitude。高考能力提升三、阅读理解“Learningaboutone’sownculture,aswellasthecultureofothers,isimportant,”saysSanamAkhlagh,whosetupPardisforChildren.LocatedinNewYorkCity,thenonprofitbringsIranian-Americanfamiliestogetherandoffersafter-schoolprogramsforchildrentolearnabouttheirheritage.ClassesexploreIranianmusic,art,andhistory,amongothertopics.Akhlaghhasalwaysbeeninterestedineducation,kids,andculture,Butshefeltavoid(空虚)beforesettingupPardisin2011.Shehadn’tbeenabletogettogetherwithfriendswhoshareherIranianheritageperiodically.Shealsothoughtherchildrenneededthatcommunity.“Iwantkidstoknowtheircultureandlanguage,”Akhlaghsaid,“Soifthey’reIranian,theyactuallyknowwhatthatmeans.”Butshealsowantsthemtocreateabond.“Iwantthemtobuildacommunitythatthey’llhopefullykeep,andstayfiendstogetherforyearstocome,”shesaid,“wantthemtohaveabeautiful,positivememory(回忆)relatedtoIraniancultureandthePersianlanguage.”Learningaboutyourowncultureandlanguage,andunderstandingotherculturesfromaroundtheworld,Akhlaghexplained,makesyouaricherandmoretolerant(宽容的)person.Italsomakesyouappreciateotherpeople’swayoflife.“Theexchangeofculturesisofgreatimportance,”Akhlaghsaid.“Itismuchhardertocallpeopleofcertaincountriesorculturesyourenemywhenyouactuallyknowthem.Whenyoueattheirfood,orwhenyoudancetotheirmusictogether,whenyoureadtheirliterature,itbecomesmorereal,andyoustartappreciatingeveryone.”Whenaskedheradviceforyoungpeople,Akhlaghencouragedexplorationanddiscovery.“Ifyouhavetheopportunity,alwaysbecurioustomakefriends,”shesaid.“Gettoknowpeoplefromdifferentculturesandbecurious.Alwaystrytoknowmoreandtravel.”46.WhatisthepurposeofPardisforChildren?A.Toenrichchildren’ssociallife. B.Toimprovechildren’sartisticabilities.C.ToeducatechildrenonIranianculture. D.Todevelopchildren’slovefortheircountry.47.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bond”meaninparagraph4?A.Custom. B.Program. C.Relationship. D.Schedule.48.WhatdoesAkhlaghthinkoftheexchangeofcultures?A.Itisawayoflife. B.Itcanpromotepeace.C.Itisachancetogrow D.Itincreasesyourwealth.49.WhatisAkhlagh’sadviceforyoungpeople?A.Caringmoreabouttheirfriends. B.Beingopentodifferentcultures.C.Takingeveryopportunitytostudy. D.Feelingconfidentaboutmakingfriends.Theprodigiousabilityofourspeciestorapidlyassimilatevocabulary,expandingfromamere300lexemesbythetenderageoftwotoanimpressiverepertoireexceeding1,000bytheageoffour,remainsasubjectofprofoundenigma.Certainscholarsintherealmsofcognitivescienceandlinguisticshavepositedthatthehumanmindenterstheworldequippedwithinnatecognitivepredispositionsandlogicalparametersthatfacilitatethislinguisticfeat.However,recentadvancementsinthesphereofmachinelearninghaveunveiledthepotentialforswiftacquisitionofsemanticunderstandingfromsparsedata,eschewingtheneedforpreconceived,hardwiredassumptions.Anensembleofresearchershastriumphantlyhonedarudimentaryartificialintelligenceconstructtocorrelatevisualrepresentationswiththeircorrespondinglexicalentities,utilizingamere61hoursofambientvisualrecordingsandauditorydata—previouslyamassedfromanindividualknownasSamduringtheyears2013and2014.Thoughthisrepresentsbutaminusculefractionofachild’sdevelopmentalchronicle,ittranspiresthatthiswassufficientlyinformativetoprompttheAIindiscerningthesignificanceofselectvocables.Theserevelationsintimatethattheprocessoflinguisticacquisitionmaybemorestraightforwardthanhithertopresumed.Itisconceivablethatthejuvenileminddoesnotnecessitateatailor-made,sophisticatedlinguisticapparatustoadeptlyapprehendtheessenceofwords,positsJessicaSullivan,anadjunctprofessorofpsychologyatSkidmoreCollege.“Thisisanexceptionallyelegantinquiry,”shearticulates,asitpresentscorroborativeevidencethatrudimentarydataextractedfromachild’sperspectiveissufficientlyabundanttoinitiatetheprocessesofpatternrecognitionandlexicalassimilation.Therecentscholarlyendeavoralsoillustratestheplausibilityofmachinesemulatingthelearningmodalitiesinherenttohumancognition.Vastlinguisticmodelsaretypicallynurturedoncolossaldatasetsencompassingbillions,ifnottrillions,oflexicalpermutations.Instarkcontrast,humanbeingsmanagewithasignificantlyreducedinformationalintake,asarticulatedbytheprincipalscribeofthestudy,WaiKeenVong.Withtheappropriategenreofdata,thechasmseparatingmachineandhumanlearningcouldbesubstantiallybridged.Nevertheless,furtherinvestigationiswarrantedinselectdimensionsofthispioneeringresearch.Thesavantsconcedethattheirfindingsdonotconclusivelyelucidatethemechanismsbywhichchildrenamassvocabulary.Additionally,thestudy’spurviewwasconfinedtotheidentificationofnounspertainingtotangibleentities.Despitetheselimitations,thisrepresentsastridetowardamoreprofoundcomprehensionofourowncognitivefaculties,whichmayultimatelycontributetotheenhancementofhumanpedagogicalpractices,accordingtoEvaPortelance,ascholarincomputationallinguistics.SheremarksthatAIresearchhasthepotentialtoshedlightonenigmaticqueriesaboutouressencethathavepersistedovertime.“Wecanharnesstheseparadigmsinasalutarymanner,totheadvantageofscientificdiscoveryandsocietalprogress,”Portelancefurtherelaborates.50.Whatisasignificantfindingofmachine-learningresearch?A.Vocabularyincreasesgraduallywithage.B.Vocabularycanbeacquiredfromminimaldata.C.Languageacquisitionistiedtobuilt-inexpectations.D.Languageacquisitionisascomplexasformerlyassumed.51.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompt”inparagraph2mean?A.Facilitate. B.Persuade. C.Advise. D.Expect.52.Whatisdiscussedaboutthenewresearchinparagraph5?A.Itslimitations. B.Itsstrengths.C.Itsuniqueness. D.Itsprocess.53.WhatisEvaPortelance’sattitudetotheAIresearch?A.Doubtful. B.Cautious. C.Dismissive. D.Positive.46.C47.C48.B49.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了SanamAkhlagh创立儿童乐园来让孩子们了解伊朗文化。46.细节理解题。根据第三段““Iwantkidstoknowtheircultureandlanguage,”Akhlaghsaid,“Soifthey’reIranian,theyactuallyknowwhatthatmeans.”(“我想让孩子们了解他们的文化和语言,”阿赫拉格说,“这样,如果他们是伊朗人,他们就会知道这意味着什么。”)”可知,儿童乐园的目的是对孩子们进行伊朗文化教育。故选C。47.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““Iwantthemtobuildacommunitythatthey’llhopefullykeep,andstayfiendstogetherforyearstocome,”shesaid,“wantthemtohaveabeautiful,positivememory(回忆)relatedtoIraniancultureandthePersianlanguage.”(她说:“我希望他们能建立一个社区,希望他们能在未来的岁月里保持朋友的关系,希望他们能拥有一段与伊朗文化和波斯语有关的美好、积极的记忆。”)”可知,她希望孩子们之间可以创建关系。故划线词意思是“关系”。故选C。48.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Itismuchhardertocallpeopleofcertaincountriesorculturesyourenemywhenyouactuallyknowthem.(当你真正了解某些国家或文化的人时,把他们称为敌人要困难得多)”可知,Akhlagh认为文化交流能促进和平。故选B。49.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whenaskedheradviceforyoungpeople,Akhlaghencouragedexplorationanddiscovery.“Ifyouhavetheopportunity,alwaysbecurioustomakefriends,”shesaid.“Gettoknowpeoplefromdifferentculturesandbecurious.Alwaystrytoknowmoreandtravel.”(当被问及她对年轻人的建议时,Akhlagh鼓励探索和发现。她说:“如果你有机会,永远保持求知欲,去交朋友。了解来自不同文化背景的人,保持好奇心。永远试着去了解更多,去旅行。”)”可知,Akhlagh对年轻人的建议是对不同文化持开放态度。故选B。50.B51.A52.A53.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们人类拥有惊人的词汇量,能够快速吸收词汇,从两岁时的300个词汇量,到四岁时词汇量超过1000个,这仍然是一个谜。然而,研究表明语言习得过程可能比迄今为止所认为的更为简单。研究表明,机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力,避免了对先入为主的、僵化的假设的需求。文章主要介绍了机器学习人类语言的优点及其缺陷。50.细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,recentadvancementsinthesphereofmachinelearninghaveunveiledthepotentialforswiftacquisitionofsemanticunderstandingfromsparsedata,eschewingtheneedforpreconceived,hardwiredassumptions.(然而,机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力,避免了对先入为主的、僵化的假设的需求。)”和第二段中“Anensembleofresearchershastriumphantlyhonedarudimentaryartificialintelligenceconstructtocorrelatevisualrepresentationswiththeircorrespondinglexicalentities,utilizingamere61hoursofambientvisualrecordingsandauditorydata—previouslyamassedfromanindividualknownasSamduringtheyears2013and2014.(一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构,将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来,只利用了61小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据——这些数据是2013年和2014年期间从一个名叫Sam的人那里收集的。)”可知,机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力,且一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构,将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来,只利用了61小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据,由此可知,机器学习领可以从最少的数据中获取词汇。故选B。51.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Anensembleofresearchershastriumphantlyhonedarudimentaryartificialintelligenceconstructtocorrelatevisualrepresentationswiththeircorrespondinglexicalentities,utilizingamere61hoursofambientvisualrecordingsandauditorydata—previouslyamassedfromanindividualknownasSamduringtheyears2013and2014.(一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构,将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来,只利用了61小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据——这些数据是2013年和2014年期间从一个名叫Sam的人那里收集的。)”和划线单词所在句子“Thoughthisrepresentsbutaminusculefractionofachild’sdevelopmentalchronicle,ittranspiresthatthiswassufficientlyinformativetoprompttheAIindiscerningthesignificanceofselectvocables.(虽然这只代表了儿童成长历程的一小部分,但事实证明,这足以prompt人工智能辨别出特定词汇的重要性)”可知,研究人员通过观察一个名为Sam的个体在2013年和2014年收集的61小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据,足以促使AI辨别出特定词汇的意义,由此可知,划线单词意为“促使”,故选A。52.主旨大意题。根据第五段“Nevertheless,furtherinvestigationiswarrantedinselectdimensionsofthispioneeringresearch.Thesavantsconcedethattheirfindingsdonotconclusivelyelucidatethemechanismsbywhichchildrenamassvocabulary.Additionally,thestudy’spurviewwasconfinedtotheidentificationofnounspertainingtotangibleentities.(尽管如此,这项开创性研究的某些方面仍需要进一步研究。这些学者承认,他们的研究结果并不能最终阐明儿童积累词汇量的机制。此外,这项研究的范围仅限于识别与有形实体有关的名词)”可知,第五段主要讨论了新研究的局限性,包括研究范围仅限于识别与有形实体有关的名词,以及研究结果并不能最终阐明儿童积累词汇量的机制,故选A。53.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despitetheselimitations,thisrepresentsastridetowardamoreprofoundcomprehensionofourowncognitivefaculties,whichmayultimatelycontributetotheenhancementofhumanpedagogicalpractices,accordingtoEvaPortelance,ascholarincomputationallinguistics.(计算语言学学者伊娃·波特兰斯(EvaPortelance)表示,尽管存在这些局限性,但这代表着我们朝着更深刻地理解自身认知能力迈出了一步,最终可能有助于提高人类的教学实践。)”可知,EvaPortelance认为AI研究有助于我们更深刻地理解自身认知能力,并可能有助于提高人类的教学实践,由此可推知,她对AI研究的态度是积极的,故选D。四、完形填空Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple54.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe55dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhom,who’sinandwho’soutandwhy;howtodealwithdifficult56situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnaturalwastersofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It’snot57accordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally58issues.Dunbar59thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—60,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe61ofthehigherprimates(灵长类动物)likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming—cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor62fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar63thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe64itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto65thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe66tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore67kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal(有声的)groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one68contact.54.A.mission B.radiation C.comparison D.gossip55.A.occasionally B.merely C.habitually D.originally56.A.social B.political C.historical D.leisurely57.A.thecase B.thequestion C.theissue D.thekey58.A.financial B.sensitive C.royal D.vital59.A.confirms B.outlines C.dismisses D.broadens60.A.forinstance B.onthecontrary C.inaddition D.asaresult61.A.motivation B.motive C.emotion D.behaviour62.A.inspection B.harmony C.attack D.assistance63.A.convinces B.comprises C.confesses D.concludes64.A.prospect B.protection C.maintenance D.luxury65.A.discipline B.bother C.maintain D.ease66.A.cast B.consumed C.extended D.floated67.A.common B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful68.A.invisible B.daily C.constant D.physical阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thereareabout6,500languagesintheworld,butdidyouknowthatalanguagedisappearseverytwoweeks?InternationalMotherLanguageDay,21February,is69daytocelebrateandprotectallthelanguagesoftheworld.In1999,aspecialdaytopromotemotherlanguages70(create):InternationalMotherLanguageDay.Thedaywasalsointendedtoraise71(aware)ofjusthowmanylanguageswehaveonthisplanetandtoprotectthem.TheideaforthisspecialdaycamefromthecountryofBangladesh,72Bangladeshismark21FebruarywhentheBanglalanguagewas73(official)accepted.Bangladeshiscelebratetheday74holdingliterarycompetitionsandsingingsongs.Other75(country)havealsosetupspecialprojectstomarkthisday.Languageismuchmorethanjustawayof76(communicate).Language,particularlyourmothertongue,isanessentialpartofourculture.Everyonehastheright77(use)theirownmotherlanguageandtokeepthetraditionsandwaysofthinkingthattheirlanguagerepresents.Andthisis78InternationalMotherLanguageDayisallabout.54.D55.C56.A57.A58.D59.C60.B61.D62.C63.D64.B65.D66.C67.B68.D【导语】这是一篇议论文,研究表明人们的话题大多不是重大的话题讨论和研究,而很多是闲聊,这些闲聊是不是浪费时间和语言呢?RobinDunbar教授认为事实并非如此,他认为闲聊是非常重要的,是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流方式。54.考查名词词义辨析。句意:研究表明,人类三分之二的谈话不是讨论当天的文化或政治问题,也不是对我们刚刚看过的电影或刚刚读完的书进行激烈的辩论,而是简单的闲聊。A.mission任务;B.radiation辐射;C.comparison比较;D.gossip流言蜚语,闲聊。根据上文“two-thirdsofhumanconversation”可知,此处指谈话内容是闲聊,下文也多次出现gossip一词,故选D。55.考查副词词义辨析。句意:作为一个物种,语言是我们最大的财富,我们习惯用它做什么?A.occasionally偶尔;B.merely仅仅,只不过;C.habitually习惯性地,经常地;D.originally起初。根据“Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies”可知,语言是我们最大的财富,我们习惯用它做什么?故选C。56.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:关于别人的行为和私人生活,比如谁和谁在一起做什么,谁在里面,谁不在里面,为什么;如何处理与孩子、爱人和同事有关的困难社交场合。A.social社会的,社交的;B.political政治的;C.historical历史的;D.leisurely不慌不忙的,慢悠悠的。根据“situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues”可知,此处指社交场合,故选A。57.考查固定短语辨析。句意:根据RobinDunbar教授的说法,情况并非如此。A.thecase情况;B.thequestion问题;C.theissue问题;D.thekey关键。上文“Arewejustnaturalwastersofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?(我们只是天生的时间和语言的浪费者吗?或者我们谈论很多没有什么特别的事情只是为了避免面对生活中真正重要的问题?)”提出问题,结合下文谈到闲聊的重要性可知,事实并非如此,It’snotthecase“事实/情况并非如此”,固定句型,故选A。58.考查形容词词义辨析。

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