2024年职称英语理工类a级考试真题大全

2024年职称英语理工类a级考试真题大全

2024年职称英语理工类a级考试真题大全

无论是身处学校还是步入社会，我们最熟识的就是试题了，借助试题可以检验考试者是否已经具备获得某种资格的基本力量。你知道什么样的试题才是好试题吗？下面是我帮大家整理的2024年职称英语理工类a级考试真题大全，仅供参考，盼望能够关心到大家。

职称英语理工类a级考试真题2

第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Therevelationofhispastledtohisresignation.

A.imagination

B.confirmation

C.recall

D.disclosure

答案为D.revelation(揭露)–disclosure(揭露)

2.Jensenisadangerousman,andcanbeverybrutal.

A.careless

B.cruel

C.strong

D.hard

答案为B.brutal(残忍的)–cruel

3.You’llhavetosprintifyouwanttocatchthetrain.

A.jump

B.escape

C.run

D.prepare

答案为C.sprint(快速奔跑)–run(奔跑)

4.Weareworriedaboutthisfluidsituationfullwithuncertainty.

A.changeable

B.stable

C.suitable

D.adaptable

答案为A.fluid(不稳定的)–changeable(易变的)

5.Thenewgarmentfitsherperfectly.

A.haircut

B.purse

C.clothes

D.necklace

答案为C.garment(衣服)–clothes(衣服)

6.Thephobiamayhaveitsrootinachildhoodtrauma.

A.fear

B.joy

C.hurt

D.memory

答案为C.trauma(精神上的创伤)–hurt(感情上的难过或苦痛)

7.Theyhavetobuildcanalstoirrigatethedesert.

A.decorate

B.water

C.change

D.visit

答案为B.irrigate(浇灌)–water(给…浇水)

8.Heroveralllanguageproficiencyremainsthatofatoddler.

A.disabled

B.pupil

C.teenager

D.baby

答案为D.toddler(学步的儿童)–baby(婴儿)

9.Thecoastalareahasverymildwinter,butthecentralplainsremainextremelycold.

A.warm

B.severe

C.hard

D.dry

答案为A.mild(暖和的)–warm(暖和的)

10.Thedetailsofthecostumeweretotallyauthentic.

A.real

B.outstanding

C.creative

D.false

答案为A.authentic(逼真的)–real(逼真的)

11.Weareawareofthepotentialproblems.

A.global

B.possible

C.ongoing

D.central

答案为B.potential(可能的)-possible(可能的)

12.Theideawasquitebrilliant.

A.positive

B.clever

C.key

D.original

答案为B.brilliant(绝妙的)–clever(聪慧的.)

13.Stockmarketpricetumbledafterrumorofariseininterestrate.

A.regulated

B.increased

C.fell

D.maintained

答案为C.tumbled(暴跌)–fell(下降)

14.Thecoursegivesyoubasicinstructionsincarmaintenance.

A.coaching

B.idea

C.term

D.aspect

答案为A.instructions(指导说明)—coaching(教育)

15.Allhouseswithin100metresoftheseasatriskofflooding.

A.indanger

B.outofcontrol

C.betweenequals

D.inparticular

答案为Aindangerof(处于危急中)—atriskof(处于风险中)

阅读推断

TheGreatestofVictorianEngineers

Inthehundredyearsupto1860,theworkofasmallgroupofconstructionengineerscarriedforwardtheenormoussocialandeconomicchangethatweassociatewiththeIndustrialRevolutioninBritain.ThemostimportantoftheseengineerswasIsambardKingdomBrunel,whoseworkinshipping,bridge-building,andrailwayconstruction,tonamejustthreefields,bothchallengedandmotivatedhiscolleagues.Hewasthedrivingforcebehindanumberofthehugelyambitiousprojects,someofwhichresultedinworkswhicharestillinusetoday.

Thesonofanengineer,BrunelapprenticedwithhisfatheratanearlyageonthebuildingoftheThamesTunnel.Attheageofjusttwenty,hebecameengineerinchargeoftheproject.ThisimpressiveplantoboreundertheThamestwicesufferedtwomajordisasterswhentheriverbrokethroughintothetunnelwhenthesecondbreach(决口)occurredin1872,Brunelwasseriouslyinjuredduringrescueoperationandfurtherworkwashalted.

Whilerecoveringfromhisinjuries,BrunelenteredadesigncompetitionforanewbridgeovertheAvonGorgenearClifton.TheoriginaljudgeofthecompetitionwasThomasTelford,aleadingcivilengineerofhisday,whorejectedallentriestothecompetitioninfavorofhisowndesign.Afterconsiderablescandal,asecondcontestwasheldandBrunelsdesignwasaccepted.Forreasonsoffunding,however,exacerbated(加剧)bysocialunrestinBristol,theprojectwasabandonedin1843withonlythetowerscompleted.AfterBrunel’sdeath,itwasdecidedtobeginworkonitagain,partlysothatthebridgecouldformafittingmemorialtothegreatengineer.Theentirestructurewasfinallycompletedin1864.Today,thewell-knownCliftonSuspensionBridgeisasymbolofBristol,justastheOperaHouseisofSydney.Originallyintendedonlyforhorse-drawntraffic,thebridgenowbearsoverfourmillionmotorvehiclesayear.

16.【题干】BrunelwasanimportantairplaneengineerinBritainduringtheIndustrialRevolution.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】C

【解析】

17.【题干】Brunelwasinvolvedlessinrailwayconstructionthaninotherengineeringfields.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】C

【解析】

18.【题干】Brunelworkedonlyonshipping,bridge-buildingandrailwayconstruction.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】B

【解析】

19.【题干】Brunelworkwaslargelyignoredbyhiscolleagues.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】B

【解析】

20.【题干】SomeprojectsBrunelcontributedtoarestillinusetoday.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】A

【解析】

21.【题干】Brunelbecameanapprenticewithhisfatherwhenhewasveryyoung.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】A

【解析】

22.【题干】TheThamesTunnelprojectwasmoredifficultthananypreviousprojectsundertakeninBritain.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】C

【解析】Geothermal(地热)Energy

1.Sinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearthscenterflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma(岩浆).Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearthssurface.Itoftenremainswellbelowtheearthssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearthssurfacewhereitwillappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayerofimpermeable(不行渗透的)rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.Ifgeothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityingeothermalpowerplants.

2.Afewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-stemreservoirswhichproducesteambutlittleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytoday.

3.Mostcurrentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeither"flash"steamplantsorbinary(双重的)plants.Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300°to700°Fahrenheit.Thiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthepressureoftheundergroundreservoir,it"flashes"orboilsintosteamAgain,theforceofthissteamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.

4.Areservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300°Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutitcanstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinbinaryfluid.Thesteamfromthisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.

23.【题干】Paragraph1_____

【选项】

A.Drysteamplants

B.Binaryplants

C.Originofgeothermalenergy

D.Generationofelectricity

E.Flashsteamplants

F.Recyclablewaterandsteam

【答案】C

【解析】

24【题干】Paragraph2_____

【选项】

A.Drysteamplants

B.Binaryplants

C.Originofgeothermalenergy

D.Generationofelectricity

E.Flashsteamplants

F.Recyclablewaterandsteam

【答案】A

【解析】

25【题干】Paragraph3_____

【选项】

A.Drysteamplants

B.Binaryplants

C.Originofgeothermalenergy

D.Generationofelectricity

E.Flashsteamplants

F.Recyclablewaterandsteam

【答案】E

【解析】

26【题干】Paragraph4_____

【选项】

A.Drysteamplants

B.Binaryplants

C.Originofgeothermalenergy

D.Generationofelectricity

E.Flashsteamplants

F.Recyclablewaterandsteam

【答案】F

【解析】

27.【题干】Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder_____.

【选项】

A.theenergytoturnaturbine

B.impermeablerock

C.oneortwoseparators

D.turbineoperator

E.littleornowater

F.hotsprings

【答案】B

【解析】

28.【题干】Adry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith_____.

【选项】

A.theenergytoturnaturbine

B.impermeablerock

C.oneortwoseparators

D.turbineoperator

E.littleornowater

F.hotsprings

【答案】E

【解析】

29.【题干】Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough_____.

【选项】

A.theenergytoturnaturbine

B.impermeablerock

C.oneortwoseparators

D.turbineoperator

E.littleornowater

F.hotsprings

【答案】C

【解析】

30.【题干】Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto_____.

【选项】

A.theenergytoturnaturbine

B.impermeablerock

C.oneortwoseparators

D.turbineoperator

E.littleornowater

F.hotsprings

【答案】A

【解析】

BlackHolesTriggerStarstoSelf-Destruct

Scientistshavelongunderstoodthatsupermassiveblackholesweighingmillionsorbillionsofsunscantearapartstarsthatcometooclose.Theblackhotelsgravitypullsharderonthenearestpartofthestar,animbalancethatpullsthestarapartoveraperiodofminutesorhours,onceitgetscloseenough.

ScientistssaythisUnevenpullingisnottheonlyhazardfacingthestar.Thestrainoftheseunbalancedforcescanalsotriggeranuclearexplosionpowerfulenoughtodestroythestarfromwithin.MatthieuBrassartandJean-PierreLuminetoftheObservatoiredeParisinMeudon,France,carriedoutcomputersimulationsofthefinalmomentsofsuchanunfortunatestarslife，asitveeredtowardsasupermassiveblackhole.

Whenthestargetscloseenough,theunevenforcesflattenitintoapancakeshape.Somepreviousstudieshadsuggestedthisflatteningwouldincreasethedensityandtemperatureinsidethestarenoughtotriggerintensenuclearreactionsthatwouldtearitapart.Butotherstudieshadsuggestedthatthepicturewouldbecomplicatedbyshockwavesgeneratedduringtheflatteningprocessandthatnonuclearexplosionshouldoccur.

Thenewsimulationsinvestigatedtheeffectsofshockwavesindetail，andfoundthatevenwhentheireffectsareincluded，theconditionsfavoranuclearexplosion."Therewillbeanexplosionofthestar-itwillbecompletelydestroyed,"Brassartsays.Althoughtheexplosionobliteratesthestar,itsavessomeofthestarsmatterfrombeingdevouredbytheblackhole.Theexplosionispowerfulenoughtohurlmuchofthestarsmatteroutoftheblackholesreach,hesays.

Thedevouringofstarsbyblackholesmayalreadyhavebeenobserved,althoughatamuchlaterstage.Itisthoughtthatseveralmonthsaftertheeventthatripsthestarapart，itsmatterstartsswirlingintotheholeitself.Itheatsupasitdoesso,releasingultravioletlightandX-rays.

Ifstarsdisruptednearblackholesreallydoexplode,thentheycouldinprincipleallowtheseeventstobedetectedatamuchearlierstage,saysJulesHatpernofColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,US."Itmaymakeitpossibletoseethedisruptionofthatstarimmediatelyifitgetshotenough,"hesays.

Brassartagrees."PerhapsitcanbeobservedintheX-raysandgammarays,butitssomethingthatneedstobemorestudied,"hesays.SupernovaresearcherChrisFryeroftheLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryinLosAlamos,NewMexico,US,saysthedeathsofthesestarsaredifficulttosimulate,andheisnotsurewhethertheresearchershaveproventheircasethattheyexplodeintheprocess.

31.【题干】Somethingdestructivecouldhappentoastarthatgetstooclosetoablackhole.WhichofthefollowingdestructivestatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

【选项】

A.Theblackholecouldtearapartthestar.

B.Theblackholecouldtriggeranuclearexplosioninthestar.

C.Theblackholecoulddwindleitssizeconsiderably.

D.Theblackholecoulddevourthestar.

【答案】C

【解析】

32.【题干】Accordingtothethirdparagraph，researchersdifferedfromeachotherintheproblemof_____

【选项】

A.whethernuclearreactionwouldoccur.

B.whetherthestarswouldincreaseitsdensityandtemperature.

C.whethershockwaveswouldoccur.

D.whethertheunevenforceswouldflattenthestars.

【答案】A

【解析】

33.【题干】Accordingtothefourthparagraph，whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

【选项】

A.Nonuclearexplosionwouldbetriggeredinsidethestar.

B.Thestarwouldbedestroyedcompletely.

C.Muchofthestarsmatterthrownbytheexplosionwouldbebeyondtheblackholesreach.

D.Theblackholewouldcompletelydevourthestar.

【答案】D

【解析】

34.【题干】Whatwillhappenseveralmonthsaftertheexplosionofthestar?

【选项】

A.Thestarsmatterwillmovefurtherawayfrombytheblackhole.

B.Theblackholesmatterwillheatup.

C.Thetornstarsmatterwillswirlintotheblackhole.

D.TheblackholesmatterwillreleaseultravioletlightandX-rays.

【答案】C

【解析】

35.【题干】Accordingtothecontext，theword"disruption"inParagraph6means_____

【选项】

A."Confusion."

B."Tearingapart."

C."Interruption."

D."Flattening."

【答案】B

【解析】

阅读理解

其次篇DeforestationandDesertification(沙漠化)

TheSahelzoneliesbetweentheSaharadesertandthefertilesavannahs(热带大草原)ofnorthernNigeriaandSouthSudan.ThewordsahelcomesfromArabicandmeansmarginalortransitional,andthisisagooddescriptionofthesesemi-arid(半干旱)lands,whichoccupymuchoftheWesternAfricancountriesofMail,Mauritania,Niger,andChad.

Unfortunately,overthelastcenturytheSaharadeserthassteadilycreptsouthwardseatingintoonceproductiveSahellands.UnitedNationssurveysshowthatover70percentofthedrylandinagricultureuseinAfricahasdeterioratedoverthelast30years.Droughtshavebecomemoresevere,themostrecentlastingovertwentyyearsinpartsoftheSahelregion.ThesameprocessofdesertificationistakingplaceacrosssouthernAfricaastheKalaharidesertadvancesintoBotswanaandpartsofSouthAfrica.

Oneofthemajorcausesofthisdesertadvanceispooragriculturallanduse,drivenbythepressuresofincreasingpopulation.Overgrazing一keepingtoomanyfarmanimalsontheland一meansthatgrassesandotherplantscannotrecover,andscarcewatersuppliesareexhausted.Overcultivation一tryingtogrowtoomanycropsonpoorland一resultsinthesoilbecomingevenlessfertileanddrier,andbeginningtobreakup.Soilerosion(侵蚀)follows,andthelandturnsintodesert.

Anothercauseofdesertificationislossoftreecover.Treesarecutdownforuseasfuelandtoclearlandforagriculturaluse.Treerootshelptobindthesoiltogether,toconservemoisture,andtoprovideahabitatforotherplantsandanimals.Whentreesarecutdown,thesoilbeginstodryandloosen,windandrainerosionincrease,otherplantspeciesdie,andeventuallythefertiletopsoilmaybealmostentirelylost,leavingonlybarerockanddust.

Theeffectsoflossoftopsoilandincreaseddroughtareirreversible.Theyare,however,preventable.Carefulconservationoftreecoverandsustainableagriculturallandusehavebeenshowntohaltdeteriorationofsoilsandlessentheeffectsofshortageofrainfall.OneprojectinKitainsouth-westMalifundedbyUNDPhasinvolvedlocalcommunitiesinsustainablemanagementofforest,whileatthesametimeprovidingaviable(有活力的)agriculturaleconomy.ThismaybeamodelforsimilarprojectsinotherWestAfricancountries.

35ordertopreventdesertification,theauthorproposes___.

A.makinggooduseofinternationalaids

B.developingasustainableagriculturaleconomy

C.gaininginternationalsupport

D.convertingagriculturallandintoforest

答案：b

36.TheSahelzoneisanareawhich___.

A.iscoveredwithsadandgrass

B.hasalonghistory

C.occupiesmuchofSouthNigeria

D.belongstoSudan

答案：a

37.WhatisthesituationaboutthedesertificationinAfrica?

A.Thedesertsarereplacedwithgrasslands

B.Thedesertsareexpanding

C.thedesertsaremovingnorthwards

D.thedesertsarebeingdeserted

答案：b

38.Theword“deteriorated”inparagraph2means___.

A.deepened

B.suffered

C.slipped

D.worsened

答案：d

39.Whatistherootcauseofdesertification?

A.poorfarming

B.overpopulation

C.radicalclimatechange

D.disappearanceofrareplantspecies

答案：a

40.Inordertopreventdesertification,theauthorproposes___.

A.makinggooduseofinternationalaids

B.developingasustainableagriculturaleconomy

C.gaininginternationalsupport

D.convertingagriculturallandintoforest

答案：b

第三篇

OlderVolcanicEruptions

Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywerebigger，butbecausethecarbondioxide(二氧化碳)theyreleasedwipedoutlifewithgreaterease.

PaulWignallfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemedtodo.Hecalculatedthe"killingefficiency"forthesevolcanoesbycomparingtheproportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflava(熔岩)thattheyproduced.Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals

ThePermian(二叠纪)extinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnes(十亿吨)ofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegenera(种类)atthetime,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago,therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextindtion.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintensofthousandsofyears."Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,"Wignallsays.Heignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs(恐龙)65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid(小行星).HethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.

VincentCourtillot,directoroftheParisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,saysthatWignallsideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousands

ormillionsofyears.Healsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolumemaynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideemissions.

41.Oldervolcaniceruptionsdidmoredamagethanmorerecentonesbecause

A.oldervolcanoeswerebrighter.

B.carbondioxidemadetheearthmuchwarmer

C.oldervolcanoeswerehotter

D.carbondioxidekilledofflifemoreeasily

答案：d

42.Wignallcalculatedthekillingpowerofthoseoldervolcaniceruptionsby

A.estimatinghowlongtheylasted

B.countingthedinosaurstheykilled

C.comparingtheproportionoflifekilledwiththevolumeoflavaproduced

D.studyingthechemicalcompositionoflava

答案：c

43.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?

A.300millionyearsago.

B.250millionyearsago

C.65millionyearsago

D.60millionyearsago

答案：c

44.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatthecauseofdinosaurextinctionis_______

A.apoliticalissue.

B.self-evident.

C.quitecertain

D.controversial

答案：d

45.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?

A.Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.

B.Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.

C.Oldervolcaniceruptionsaremoredestructive

D.Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption

答案：c

CellPhoneLetsYourSecretsOut

Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou.Besidesthenamesandnumbersthatyouveprogrammedintoit,______traces____(51)ofyourDNAlinger(遗留)onthedeviceaccordingtoanewstudy

DNAisgenetic(遗传的)material_____that_____(52)appearsineverycell.Likeyourfingerprint,yourDNAis_____unique______(53)toyou——unlessyouhaveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayanalyzeDNAinblood,saliva(唾液),orhairleft____behind_______(54)atthesceneofacrime.Theresultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentify____criminals______(55)andtheirvictims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyou____than_____(56)youmightthink.

MeghanJ.McFadden,ascientistatMcMasterUniversityinHamilton,Ontario,heardaboutacrimeinwhichthesuspectbledontoacellphoneandlate